HIS 40B EXAMPLE DIFFICULTY PAPER Length 2-3 Parag.docx

HIS 40B
EXAMPLE DIFFICULTY PAPER
Length: 2-3 Paragraphs
Follows this guide:
https://canvas.ucsc.edu/courses/32481/files/2193159/download?
wrap=1
Uses this source: Accounts of the Shining Red Lanterns
Reading the accounts of the “Shining Red Lanterns,” I had a
few questions. The people
quoted said that the girls had supernatural powers, like being
able to fly and deflect
bullets with fans, and that they “practiced spirit possession.” It
is impossible for people
to fly or deflect bullets, so why did people write that they saw
magic? Did they believe it
was happening or were they lying, and if they believed it, what
were they really seeing?
Also, what was meant by “practiced spirit possession”? Is this a
religious practice? Or is
this something I could understand more by looking at the
original Chinese source?
Since I did not have a copy of the original Chinese source
handy, I reread the document
in English a few more times instead. Then, I looked at who was
quoted. None of the
people quoted said that they were Red Lantern girls themselves

or worked with them. All
the people quoted were in the 70s or 80s when they were
quoted, in the 1960s, so several
decades after the events. They also said that the girls liked to
practice at night and did not
want people to watch. The girls are not often mentioned by
name, so I do not think that
the writers knew them personally. This makes me wonder how
much they interacted with
the Red Lantern girls, and if they were just repeating stories
they heard from other
people. Sometimes when you hear and then repeat a story, it
becomes corrupted and
embellished along the way. Therefore, I concluded that their
memories may not be
completely accurate.
I then reread the introduction from the professor to see if there
were more context clues
or explanations for what the girls were doing. I do not know
have all my answers, but I
am satisfied believing that the girls were real, and that people at
least thought they had
magic. I think re-reading and focusing on each section, and
comparing them, really helps,
and I will do this in the future. I will also look up additional
information and see if it can
help inform what I am reading.
2/2/2015 U.S. IMPERIALISM IS A PAPER TIGER
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/
volume-5/mswv5_52.htm 1/4

Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung
U.S. IMPERIALISM IS A PAPER TIGER
July 14, 1956
[Part of a talk with two Latin-American public figures.]
The United States is flaunting the anti-communist banner
everywhere in order to
perpetrate aggression against other countries
The United States owes debts everywhere. It owes debts not onl
y to the countries of Latin
America, Asia and Africa, but also to the countries of
Europe and Oceania. The whole
world, Britain included dislikes the United States. The masses o
f the people dislike it. Japan
dislikes the United States because it oppresses her. None of the
countries in the East is free
from U.S. aggression. The United States has invaded our Taiwa
n Province. Japan, Korea,
the Philippines, Vietnam and Pakistan all suffer
from U.S. aggression, although some of
them are allies of the United States. The people are dissatisfied
and in some countries so are
the authorities.
All oppressed nations want independence.
Everything is subject to change. The big decadent forces will gi
ve way to the small new-
born forces. The small forces will change into big forces becaus
e the majority of the people
demand this change. The U.S. imperialist forces will change fro
m big to small because the

American people, too, are dissatisfied with their government.
In my own lifetime I myself have witnessed such changes. Some
of us present were born
in the Ching Dynasty and others after the 1911 Revolution.
The Ching Dynasty was overthrown long ago. By whom? By the
party led by Sun Yat-
sen, together with the people. Sun Yat-sen's forces were so smal
l that the Ching officials
didn't take him seriously. He led many uprisings which
failed each time. In the end,
however, it was Sun Yat-sen who brought down the Ching Dyna
sty. Bigness is nothing to be
afraid of. The big will be overthrown by the small. The
small will become big. After
overthrowing the Ching Dynasty, Sun Yat-sen met with defeat.
For he failed to satisfy the
demands of the people, such as their demands for land and for o
pposition to imperialism.
Nor did he understand the necessity of suppressing the counter-r
evolutionaries who were
then moving about freely. Later, he suffered defeat at the
hands of Yuan Shih-kai, the
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-
works/index.htm
chieftain of the Northern warlords. Yuan Shih-kai's forces were
larger than Sun Yat-sen's.

But here again this law operated: small forces linked with the pe
ople become strong, while
big forces opposed to the people become weak.
Subsequently Sun Yat-sen's bourgeois-
democratic revolutionaries co-operated with us Communists and
together we defeated the
warlord set-up left behind by Yuan Shih-kai.
Chiang Kai-shek's rule in China was recognized by the governm
ents of all countries and
lasted twenty-two years, and his forces were the biggest.
Our forces were small, fifty
thousand Party members at first but only a few thousand
after counter-revolutionary
suppressions. The enemy made trouble everywhere. Again this l
aw operated: the big and
strong end up in defeat because they are divorced from the peop
le, whereas the small and
weak emerge victorious because they are linked with the people
and work in their interest.
That's how things turned out in the end.
During the anti-Japanese war, Japan was very powerful,
the Kuomintang troops were
driven to the hinterland, and the armed forces led by the
Communist Party could only
conduct guerrilla warfare in the rural areas behind the enemy lin
es. Japan occupied large
Chinese cities such as Peking, Tientsin, Shanghai,
Nanking, Wuhan and Canton.
Nevertheless, like Germany's Hitler the Japanese militarists
collapsed in a few years, in
accordance with the same law.
We underwent innumerable difficulties and were driven from th
e south to the north, while

our forces fell from several hundred thousand strong to a few te
ns of thousands. At the end
of the 25,000-li Long March we had only 25,000 men left.
In the history of our Party many erroneous "Left" and Right line
s have occurred. Gravest
of all were the Right deviationist line of Chen Tu-hsiu and the "
Left" deviationist line of
Wang Ming. Besides, there were the Right deviationist errors co
mmitted by Chang Kuo-tao,
Kao Kang and others.
There is also a good side to mistakes, for they can educate the p
eople and the Party. We
have had a good many teachers by negative example,
such as Japan, the United States,
Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Tu-hsiu, Li Li-san, Wang Ming, Chang
Kuo-tao and Kao Kang. We
paid a very high price to learn from these teachers by negative e
xample. In the past, Britain
made war on us many times. Britain, the United States,
Japan, France, Germany, Italy,
tsarist Russia and Holland were all very interested in this land o
f ours. They were all our
teachers by negative example and we were their pupils.
During the War of Resistance, our troops grew and
became 900,000 strong through
fighting against Japan. Then came the War of Liberation. Our ar
ms were inferior to those of

the Kuomintang. The Kuomintang troops then numbered four mi
llion, but in three years of
fighting we wiped out eight million of them all told. The Kuomi
ntang, though aided by U.S.
imperialism, could not defeat us. The big and strong cannot win,
it is always the small and
weak who win out.
Now U.S. imperialism is quite powerful, but in reality it isn't. It
is very weak politically
because it is divorced from the masses of the people and is disli
ked by everybody and by the
American people too. In appearance it is very powerful but
in reality it is nothing to be
afraid of, it is a paper tiger. Outwardly a tiger, it is made of pap
er, unable to withstand the
wind and the rain. I believe the United States is nothing but a pa
per tiger.
History as a whole, the history of class society for thousands of
years, has proved this
point: the strong must give way to the weak. This holds true for
the Americas as well.
Only when imperialism is eliminated can peace prevail.
The day will come when the
paper tigers will be wiped out. But they won't become extinct of
their own accord, they need
to be battered by the wind and the rain.
When we say U.S. imperialism is a paper
tiger, we are speaking in terms of strategy.
Regarding it as a whole, we must despise it. But
regarding each part, we must take it

seriously. It has claws and fangs. We have to destroy it pieceme
al. For instance, if it has ten
fangs, knock off one the first time, and there will be nine left, k
nock off another, and there
will be eight left. When all the fangs are gone, it will still have
claws. If we deal with it step
by step and in earnest, we will certainly succeed in the end.
Strategically, we must utterly despise U.S. imperialism.
Tactically, we must take it
seriously. In struggling against it, we must take each battle, eac
h encounter, seriously. At
present, the United States is powerful, but when looked at
in a broader perspective, as a
whole and from a long-term viewpoint, it has no popular suppor
t, its policies are disliked by
the people, because it oppresses and exploits them. For
this reason, the tiger is doomed.
Therefore, it is nothing to be afraid of and can be despised. But
today the United States still
has strength, turning out more than 100 million tons of
steel a year and hitting out
everywhere. That is why we must continue to wage struggles ag
ainst it, fight it with all our
might and wrest one position after another from it. And that tak
es time.
It seems that the countries of the Americas, Asia and Africa will
have to go on quarrelling
with the United States till the very end, till the paper tiger is de
stroyed by the wind and the
rain.
To oppose U.S. imperialism, people of European origin in the L
atin-American countries

should unite with the indigenous Indians. Perhaps the white im
migrants from Europe can be
divided into two groups, one composed of rulers and the other o
f ruled. This should make it
easier for the group of oppressed white people to get close to
the local people, for their
position is the same.
Our friends in Latin America, Asia and Africa are in the same p
osition as we and are
doing the same kind of work, doing something for the people to
lessen their oppression by
imperialism. If we do a good job, we can root out
imperialist oppression. In this we are
comrades.
We are of the same nature as you in our opposition to imperialis
t oppression, differing
only in geographical position, nationality and language. But we
are different in nature from
imperialism, and the very sight of it makes us sick.
What use is imperialism? The Chinese people will have none of
it, nor will the people in
the rest of the world. There is no reason for the existence of imp
erialism.
Transcription by the Maoist Documentation Project.
HTML revised 2004 by Marxists.org

Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-
works/index.htm
1
Primary Source 13.0
LIN ZEXU, LETTER TO QUEEN VICTORIA (1839)1
This letter was written by Lin Zexu, an important official in the
Qing Dynasty, to Queen
Victoria of Britain. He wrote in response to the growing opium
trade in China. For nearly 300
years, the Chinese had desired nothing from the Europeans but
silver. In the late 1700s,
however, British merchants discovered an insatiable desire in
China for opium. Traders began
delivering every greater quantities of the substance to Chinese
territorial waters, where their
local counterparts added it to growing domestic production. (At
this time, opium was not
illegal in Britain.) By the early 1800s, the drug was being used
very widely in China and was
causing terrible social and health problems. The letter
announced that China would no longer
tolerate the selling of opium and would take actions against
traders. Commissioner Lin’s
words, which treat Britain as a tributary state dependent on the

benevolence of China, reflect
the arrogance China had towards the outside world. However,
the letter also reveals the
tensions building in China and the unsettling implications of
Europe’s imperialistic designs.
These fears were confirmed in the First Opium War a year later,
when the British inflicted
crushing defeats on the Chinese military and shattered the
Chinese vision of omnipotence. The
British used the victory not only promote to the growth of the
opium trade, but also to open
China to increasing Western influence.
For the complete text online, click here.
Art. I. Letter to the queen of England, from the high Imperial
Commissioner Lin, and his
colleagues. From the Canton press.
Lin, high imperial commissioner, a president of the Board of
War, viceroy of the two
Keäng provinces, &c., Tang, a president of the Board of War,
viceroy of the two Kwang
provinces, &c., and E, a vice-president of the Board of War,
lieut.-governor of Kwangtung,
&c., hereby conjointly address this public dispatch to the queen
of England for the purpose
of giving her clear and distinct information (on the state of
affairs) &c.
It is only our high and mighty emperor, who alike supports and
cherishes those of
the Inner Land, and those from beyond the seas—who looks
upon all mankind with equal

benevolence—who, if a source of profit exists anywhere,
diffuses it over the whole world—
who, if the tree of evil takes root anywhere, plucks it up for the
benefit of all nations—who,
in a word, hath implanted in his breast that heart (by which
beneficent nature herself)
governs the heavens and the earth! You, the queen of your
honorable nation, sit upon a
throne occupied through successive generations by
predecessors, all of whom have been
styled respectful and obedient. Looking over the public
documents accompanying the
tribute sent (by your predecessors) on various occasions, we
find the following: "All the
people of my country, arriving at the Central Land for purposes
of trade, have to feel
grateful to the great emperor for the most perfect justice, for the
kindest treatment," and
other words to that effect. Delighted did we feel that the kings
of your honorable nation so
clearly understood the great principles of propriety, and were so
deeply grateful for the
1 From The Chinese Repository, vol. VIII, no 10 (February
1940): 497-503.
http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044005277884;view
=1up;seq=509
2
heavenly goodness (of our emperor):—therefore, it was that we
of the heavenly dynasty
nourished and cherished your people from afar, and bestowed

upon them redoubled proofs
of our urbanity and kindness. It is merely from these
circumstances, that your country—
deriving immense advantage from its commercial intercourse
with us, which has endured
now two hundred years—has become the rich and flourishing
kingdom that it is said to be!
But, during the commercial intercourse which has existed so
long, among the
numerous foreign merchants resorting hither, are wheat and
tares, good and bad; and of
these latter are some, who, by means of introducing opium by
stealth, have seduced our
Chinese people, and caused every province of the land to
overflow with that poison. These
then know merely to advantage themselves, they care not about
injuring others! This is a
principle which heaven's Providence repugnates; and which
mankind conjointly look upon
with abhorrence! Moreover, the great emperor hearing of it,
actually quivered with
indignation, and especially dispatched me, the commissioner, to
Canton, that in conjunction
with the viceroy and lieut.-governor of the province, means
might be taken for its
suppression!
Every native of the Inner Land who sells opium, as also all who
smoke it, are alike
adjudged to death. Were we then to go back and take up the
crimes of the foreigners, who,
by selling it for many years have induced dreadful calamity and
robbed us of enormous
wealth, and punish them with equal severity, our laws could not
but award to them

absolute annihilation! But, considering that these said
foreigners did yet repent of their
crime, and with a sincere heart beg for mercy; that they took
20,283 chests of opium piled
up in their store-ships, and through Elliot, the superintendent of
the trade of your said
country, petitioned that they might be delivered up to us, when
the same were all utterly
destroyed, of which we, the imperial commissioner and
colleagues, made a duly prepared
memorial to his majesty;—considering these circumstances, we
have happily received a
fresh proof of the extraordinary goodness of the great emperor,
inasmuch as he who
voluntarily comes forward, may yet be deemed a fit subject for
mercy, and his crimes be
graciously remitted him. But as for him who again knowingly
violates the laws, difficult
indeed will it be thus to go on repeatedly pardoning! He or they
shall alike be doomed to
the penalties of the new statute. We presume that you, the
sovereign of your honorable
nation, on pouring out your heart before the altar of eternal
justice, cannot but command
all foreigners with the deepest respect to reverence our laws! If
we only lay clearly before
your eyes, what is profitable and what is destructive, you will
then know that the statutes
of the heavenly dynasty cannot but be obeyed with fear and
trembling!
We find that your country is distant from us about sixty or
seventy thousand miles,2
that your foreign ships come hither striving the one with the
other for our trade, and for
the simple reason of their strong desire to reap a profit. Now,

out of the wealth of our Inner
Land, if we take a part to bestow upon foreigners from afar, it
follows, that the immense
wealth which the said foreigners amass, ought properly
speaking to be portion of our own
native Chinese people. By what principle of reason then, should
these foreigners send in
return a poisonous drug, which involves in destruction those
very natives of China?
Without meaning to say that the foreigners harbor such
destructive intentions in their
hearts, we yet positively assert that from their inordinate thirst
after gain, they are
perfectly careless about the injuries they inflict upon us! And
such being the case, we
2 That is, Chinese miles, or from 20,000 to 23,000 British
statute miles.
3
should like to ask what has become of that conscience which
heaven has implanted in the
breasts of all men?
We have heard that in your own country opium is prohibited
with the utmost
strictness and severity:—this is a strong proof that you know
full well how hurtful it is to
mankind. Since then you do not permit it to injure your own
country, you ought not to have
the injurious drug transferred to another country, and above all

others, how much less to
the Inner Land! Of the products which China exports to your
foreign countries, there is not
one which is not beneficial to mankind in some shape or other.
There are those which serve
for food, those which are useful, and those which are calculated
for re-sale; but all are
beneficial. Has China (we should like to ask) ever yet sent forth
a noxious article from its
soil? Not to speak of our tea and rhubarb, things which your
foreign countries could not
exist a single day without, if we of the Central Land were to
grudge you what is beneficial,
and not to compassionate your wants, then wherewithal could
you foreigners manage to
exist? And further, as regards your woolens, camlets, and
longells, were it not that you get
supplied with our native raw silk, you could not get these
manufactured! If China were to
grudge you those things which yield a profit, how could you
foreigners scheme after any
profit at all? Our other articles of food, such as sugar, ginger,
cinnamon, &c., and our other
articles for use, such as silk piece-goods, chinaware, &c., are
all so many necessaries of life
to you; how can we reckon up their number! On the other hand,
the things that come from
your foreign countries are only calculated to make presents of,
or serve for mere
amusement. It is quite the same to us if we have them, or if we
have them not. If then these
are of no material consequence to us of the Inner Land, what
difficulty would there be in
prohibiting and shutting our market against them? It is only that
our heavenly dynasty
most freely permits you to take off her tea, silk, and other

commodities, and convey them
for consumption everywhere, without the slightest stint or
grudge, for no other reason, but
that where a profit exists, we wish that it be diffused abroad for
the benefit of all the earth!
Your honorable nation takes away the products of our central
land, and not only do
you thereby obtain food and support for yourselves, but
moreover, by re-selling these
products to other countries you reap a threefold profit. Now if
you would only not sell
opium, this threefold profit would be secured to you: how can
you possibly consent to forgo
it for a drug that is hurtful to men, and an unbridled craving
after gain that seems to know
no bounds! Let us suppose that foreigners came from another
country, and brought opium
into England, and seduced the people of your country to smoke
it, would not you, the
sovereign of the said country, look upon such a procedure with
anger, and in your just
indignation endeavor to get rid of it? Now we have always
heard that your highness
possesses a most kind and benevolent heart, surely then you are
incapable of doing or
causing to be done unto another, that which you should not wish
another to do unto you!
We have at the same time heard that your ships which come to
Canton do each and every of
them carry a document granted by your highness' self, on which
are written these words
"you shall not be permitted to carry contraband goods;" this
shows that the laws of your
highness are in their origin both distinct and severe, and we can
only suppose that because

the ships coming here have been very numerous, due attention
has not been given to
search and examine; and for this reason it is that we now
address you this public document,
that you may clearly know how stern and severe are the laws of
the central dynasty, and
most certainly you will cause that they be not again rashly
violated!
4
Moreover, we have heard that in London the metropolis where
you dwell, as also in
Scotland, Ireland, and other such places, no opium whatever is
produced. It is only in
sundry parts of your colonial kingdom of Hindostan, such as
Bengal, Madras, Bombay,
Patna, Malwa, Benares, Malacca, and other places where the
very hills are covered with the
opium plant, where tanks are made for the preparing of the
drug; month by month, and
year by year, the volume of the poison increases, its unclean
stench ascends upwards, until
heaven itself grows angry, and the very gods thereat get
indignant! You, the queen of the
said honorable nation, ought immediately to have the plant in
those parts plucked up by
the very root! Cause the land there to be hoed up afresh, sow in
its stead the five grains, and
if any man dare again to plant in these grounds a single poppy,
visit his crime with the most
severe punishment. By a truly benevolent system of government
such as this, will you

indeed reap advantage, and do away with a source of evil.
Heaven must support you, and
the gods will crown you with felicity! This will get for yourself
the blessing of long life, and
from this will proceed the security and stability of your
descendants!
In reference to the foreign merchants who come to this our
central land, the food
that they eat, and the dwellings that they abide in, proceed
entirely from the goodness of
our heavenly dynasty: the profits which they reap, and the
fortunes which they amass, have
their origin only in that portion of benefit which our heavenly
dynasty kindly allots them:
and as these pass but little of their time in your country, and the
greater part of their time
in our's, it is a generally received maxim of old and of modern
times, that we should
conjointly admonish, and clearly make known the punishment
that awaits them.
Suppose the subject of another country were to come to England
to trade, he would
certainly be required to comply with the laws of England, then
how much more does this
apply to us of the celestial empire! Now it is a fixed statute of
this empire, that any native
Chinese who sells opium is punishable with death, and even he
who merely smokes it, must
not less die. Pause and reflect for a moment: if you foreigners
did not bring the opium
hither, where should our Chinese people get it to re-sell? It is
you foreigners who involve
our simple natives in the pit of death, and are they alone to be
permitted to escape alive? If

so much as one of those deprive one of our people of his life, he
must forfeit his life in
requital for that which he has taken: how much more does this
apply to him who by means
of opium destroys his fellow-men? Does the havoc which he
commits stop with a single life?
Therefore it is that those foreigners who now import opium into
the Central Land are
condemned to be beheaded and strangled by the new statute, and
this explains what we
said at the beginning about plucking up the tree of evil,
wherever it takes root, for the
benefit of all nations.
We further find that during the second month of this present
year, the
superintendent of your honorable country, Elliot, viewing the
law in relation to the
prohibiting of opium as excessively severe, duly petitioned us,
begging for "an extension of
the term already limited, say five months for Hindostan and the
different parts of India, and
ten for England, after which they would obey and act in
conformity with the new statute,"
and other words to the same effect. Now we, the high
commissioner and colleagues, upon
making a duly prepared memorial to the great emperor, have to
feel grateful for his
extraordinary goodness, for his redoubled compassion. Any one
who within the next year
and a half may by mistake bring opium to this country, if he
will but voluntarily come
forward, and deliver up the entire quantity, he shall be absolved
from all punishment for
his crime. If, however, the appointed term shall have expired,
and there are still persons

5
who continue to bring it, then such shall be accounted as
knowingly violating the laws, and
shall most assuredly be put to death! On no account shall we
show mercy or clemency! This
then may be called truly the extreme of benevolence, and the
very perfection of justice!
Our celestial empire rules over ten thousand kingdoms! Most
surely do we possess a
measure of godlike majesty which ye cannot fathom! Still we
cannot bear to slay or
exterminate without previous warning, and it is for this reason
that we now clearly make
known to you the fixed laws of our land. If the foreign
merchants of your said honorable
nation desire to continue their commercial intercourse, they
then must tremblingly obey
our recorded statutes, they must cut off for ever the source from
which the opium flows,
and on no account make an experiment of our laws in their own
persons! Let then your
highness punish those of your subjects who may be criminal, do
not endeavor to screen or
conceal them, and thus you will secure peace and quietness to
your possessions, thus will
you more than ever display a proper sense of respect and
obedience, and thus may we
unitedly enjoy the common blessings of peace and happiness.
What greater joy! What more
complete felicity than this!

Let your highness immediately, upon the receipt of this
communication, inform us
promptly of the state of matters, and of the measure you are
pursuing utterly to put a stop
to the opium evil. Please let your reply be speedy. Do not on
any account make excuses or
procrastinate. A most important communication.
P. S. We annex an abstract of the new law, now about to be put
in force. "Any
foreigner or foreigners bringing opium to the Central Land, with
design to sell the same, the
principals shall most assuredly be decapitated, and the
accessories strangled; and all
property (found on board the same ship) shall be confiscated.
The space of a year and a half
is granted, within the which, if any one bringing opium by
mistake, shall voluntarily step
forward and deliver it up, he shall be absolved from all
consequences of his crime."
This said imperial edict was received on the 9th day of the 6th
month of the 19th
year of Taoukwang, at which the period of grace begins, and
runs on to the 9th day of the
12th month of the 20th year of Taoukwang, when it is
completed.
. . .
Difficulty Paper

China Module 1
Basics
• Topic: 2 difficulty papers on any readings
from the China module
• Deadeline: Apr/25 (Saturday)
• Points: 6 total
• Guideline: Dr Christy’s introduction &
Difficulty Paper Online Guideline
Scott Hemsley Jr
Scott Hemsley Jr
Scott Hemsley Jr
Scott Hemsley Jr
It’s normal to
find something
difficult or hard
to understand
Knowing your limits will help you
have a deeper understanding of

the material
Wait, what?
Why?
What’s this?
Identifying
difficulty:
Where did you
stop? What
made you
wonder?
Which term/ example/ argument/
background of the reading that you
had a hard time understanding?
Why’s
Why write a
difficult paper?
Why is it a building
block of history
writing?
History writing is asking
questions to which you
find answers
Use “difficulty papers”
to find the question

you want to pursue
Why write a
difficult paper?
Knowing your limits will help you
identify to what extent you can
push your argument
Step 1: Identify your difficulty
So, how do I start?
Write short description of your
reading experience
What did you focus
on as you read?
What did you find
interesting or
confusing about
these sections?
What might you
want to know more
about?
Write down relevant
quotes from the text

Step 2: Identify your
Question
• Based on Step 1 exercise
clarify one main question
that you plan to answer
• Think about the plans and
strategies to answer the
question
• Do you need more info?
• Would discussion help?
Step 3: Implement your plan
• Readings, lectures, and discussions: What new insights did
you gain?
• Remember that it’s OK to have some questions unanswered:
• But if you still have some unanswered questions, think about
what hindered you from
understanding it (à could be useful for future strategies)
Step4: Reflect &
Evaluate your
strategy
How effective were your strategies in
helping you explore your question?
What might you do differently next

HIS 40B EXAMPLE DIFFICULTY PAPER Length 2-3 Parag.docx

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HIS 40B EXAMPLE DIFFICULTY PAPER Length 2-3 Parag.docx