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Case 2
S [symptoms]: 10 month male presents to pediatrician’s office with chief complaint of fever and
rash. In usual state of health until 4 days prior to presentation when developed fever, fussiness
and decreased appetite. Mom thought maybe had thrush again because she noted some white
spots in his mouth a day after the fever started but they went away on their own. Last night she
noticed that his eyes started to appear more red and irritated, is now coughing and very
congested and this morning developed rash on face prompting visit
ROS [review of systems]: as above, no emesis, no constipation or diarrhea, +fewer wet diapers
than usual
PMHx [past medical history]: full term, uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery, neonatal
jaundice but did not require phototherapy, thrush at 6 weeks and 3 months of age treated with
nystatin
SHx [social history]: lives with parents and 2 yo sibling who is enrolled in child care. Flew to
California with family 3 weeks ago to visit grandparents, no other travel hx.
Imm: UTD [up to date]
Exam: T- 39.8 [temperature, C]; R -34 [respiratory rate]; P -120 [pulse]; BP-85/62 [blood
pressure]; Pox-98% in room air [pulse oximetry, oxygenation of blood]
Gen [general]: Alert, fussy infant on mom’s lap, crying with exam
HEENT [head, eyes, ear, nose, throat]: Normocephalic/atraumatic, anterior fontanelle fibrous but
flat, extraocular movements intact, pupils equal and reactive to light, +conjunctival erythema
bilaterally without discharge or crusting, nares congested, oropharynx erythematous with
sloughing of buccal and labial mucosa. Tympanic membranes erythematous but with intact
landmarks and light reflex
Neck: supple full range of motion, +1cm bilateral anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
RESP [respiratory]: mildly tachypneic with fair air exchange all fields, +subcostal retractions no
intracostal or suprasternal accessory muscle use, diffuse crackles audible on auscultation all lung
fields no wheezing or rhonchi
COR [cardiac]: tachycardic, regular, nl s1 and split s2, no murmurs, rubs or gallops
Abdomen: soft, normoactive bowel sounds, nontender non distended, no hepatosplenomegaly, no
masses
GU [genital/urinary]: circumcised tanner I male, no rashes
Skin: diffuse erythematous blanching maculopapular rash most prominent/confluent on face,
neck, and upper trunk, palms and soles spared, no desquamation
Extremities: warm and well perfused
a) What were the spots in the infant’s mouth that the mother mistook for thrush?
b) What is your diagnosis, and which symptoms lead you to this conclusion?
c) Which tests will you order to confirm this diagnosis (give the name and state what is being
measured)?
d) The patient is up to date on his vaccinations, so why was he susceptible to this disease? Where
did he likely contract the disease?
e) In an uncomplicated form, this condition is not usually fatal, but what can cause fatalities for
patients with this infection?
f) A similar patient might be admitted to the hospital or might not for this condition (depending
both on the physician’s judgments and specific details of the patient’s presentation). Give several
reasons why you might NOT admit this patient, and several reasons why you MIGHT (your
reasons might not pertain to this exact patient).
g) IF the patient is admitted to the hospital, the patient will stay in a room with negative air
pressure, and all staff interacting with the patient will need to wear N95 respirators. Why are
these precautions necessary?
Solution
a) The spots in the infant's mouth may be due to Strep throat. I mean the mother mistook them
for fungal infection; but may be it is a bacterial infection.
b) Maculopapular rash on the skin led to this conclusion. This type of rashes appear in bacterial
infection; they occur when beta-lactam antibiotic is given. The child had visited California 3
weeks back; may be he develped infection that time.

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Case 2S [symptoms] 10 month male presents to pediatrician’s offic.pdf

  • 1. Case 2 S [symptoms]: 10 month male presents to pediatrician’s office with chief complaint of fever and rash. In usual state of health until 4 days prior to presentation when developed fever, fussiness and decreased appetite. Mom thought maybe had thrush again because she noted some white spots in his mouth a day after the fever started but they went away on their own. Last night she noticed that his eyes started to appear more red and irritated, is now coughing and very congested and this morning developed rash on face prompting visit ROS [review of systems]: as above, no emesis, no constipation or diarrhea, +fewer wet diapers than usual PMHx [past medical history]: full term, uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery, neonatal jaundice but did not require phototherapy, thrush at 6 weeks and 3 months of age treated with nystatin SHx [social history]: lives with parents and 2 yo sibling who is enrolled in child care. Flew to California with family 3 weeks ago to visit grandparents, no other travel hx. Imm: UTD [up to date] Exam: T- 39.8 [temperature, C]; R -34 [respiratory rate]; P -120 [pulse]; BP-85/62 [blood pressure]; Pox-98% in room air [pulse oximetry, oxygenation of blood] Gen [general]: Alert, fussy infant on mom’s lap, crying with exam HEENT [head, eyes, ear, nose, throat]: Normocephalic/atraumatic, anterior fontanelle fibrous but flat, extraocular movements intact, pupils equal and reactive to light, +conjunctival erythema bilaterally without discharge or crusting, nares congested, oropharynx erythematous with sloughing of buccal and labial mucosa. Tympanic membranes erythematous but with intact landmarks and light reflex Neck: supple full range of motion, +1cm bilateral anterior cervical lymphadenopathy RESP [respiratory]: mildly tachypneic with fair air exchange all fields, +subcostal retractions no intracostal or suprasternal accessory muscle use, diffuse crackles audible on auscultation all lung fields no wheezing or rhonchi COR [cardiac]: tachycardic, regular, nl s1 and split s2, no murmurs, rubs or gallops Abdomen: soft, normoactive bowel sounds, nontender non distended, no hepatosplenomegaly, no masses GU [genital/urinary]: circumcised tanner I male, no rashes Skin: diffuse erythematous blanching maculopapular rash most prominent/confluent on face, neck, and upper trunk, palms and soles spared, no desquamation Extremities: warm and well perfused a) What were the spots in the infant’s mouth that the mother mistook for thrush?
  • 2. b) What is your diagnosis, and which symptoms lead you to this conclusion? c) Which tests will you order to confirm this diagnosis (give the name and state what is being measured)? d) The patient is up to date on his vaccinations, so why was he susceptible to this disease? Where did he likely contract the disease? e) In an uncomplicated form, this condition is not usually fatal, but what can cause fatalities for patients with this infection? f) A similar patient might be admitted to the hospital or might not for this condition (depending both on the physician’s judgments and specific details of the patient’s presentation). Give several reasons why you might NOT admit this patient, and several reasons why you MIGHT (your reasons might not pertain to this exact patient). g) IF the patient is admitted to the hospital, the patient will stay in a room with negative air pressure, and all staff interacting with the patient will need to wear N95 respirators. Why are these precautions necessary? Solution a) The spots in the infant's mouth may be due to Strep throat. I mean the mother mistook them for fungal infection; but may be it is a bacterial infection. b) Maculopapular rash on the skin led to this conclusion. This type of rashes appear in bacterial infection; they occur when beta-lactam antibiotic is given. The child had visited California 3 weeks back; may be he develped infection that time.