Introduction El Nino and La nina and its impacts

1. ENSO AS AN INTEGRATING
CONCEPT IN EARTH SCIENCE
MICHAEL J. MCPHADEN,1* STEPHEN E. ZEBIAK,2 MICHAEL H. GLANTZ3
Review presentation of the article:

2. OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION:
ENSO AS A KEY
PIECE OF EARTH’S
COMPLEX
CLIMATE PUZZLE
PREDICTING ENSO
ENSO AND
CLIMATE IMPACTS
ALTERED
ECOSYSTEM DUE
TO ENSO
ENSO DYNAMICS/
PHYSICS

3. INTRODUCTION
• ENSO cycle: fluctuation between warm & cold
conditions in tropical Pacific
• Need to understand ENSO was spurred by the
powerful 1997-98 El Nino event
• Naturally occurring cyclical change in ocean and
wind circulation patterns
• Two endpoints of oscillation, La Nina and El Nino
• Cycles between every 2-7 years
• strong El Nino and La Nina events shape weather
around the globe
https://giphy.com/gifs/el-nino-9UvGbwHeLNyRW

4. ENSO DYNAMICS /PHYSICS
Neutral condition

5. ENSO DYNAMICS /PHYSICS
LA NINA

6. ENSO DYNAMICS /PHYSICS
EL NINO Source:

7. ENSO DYNAMICS /PHYSICS
Where,
The Niño-3.4 index is computed from monthly SST anomalies in the
region 5°N–5°S, 120°–170°W.

8. ENSO AND CLIMATE IMPACTS
• El Niño causes hot, dry summers in Australia that feature
forest fires and changed upwelling changes carbon cycle
balance.
• El Niño causes drier, hotter conditions in India, which
hurts the agricultural sector
• El Niño can also bring heavy rains and destructive
flooding to Peru
• El Niño typically brings wetter winter weather to
California and Texas, which are both currently plagued by
drought
• El Niño associated with less tornado activity in the
Midwest United States and fewer hurricanes hitting the
eastern United States
SOURCE:https://www.vox.com/2014/11/8/7177709/el-nino-2014-forecast-weakening

9. ENSO AND CLIMATE IMPACTS
https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-el-nino-likely-to-impact-farm-production-food-prices-survey-2000860

10. ALTERED ECOSYSTEM DUE TO ENSO
Source: https://group.bnpparibas/en/news/climate-change-impact-survival-world-s-coral-reefs/amp

11. National geography

12. ENSO PREDICTION
• El Nino cannot be predicted before it
starts, once it starts, then useful
predictions can be made (9 months)
• El Nino starting up seems to rely on
atmospheric phenomenon like MJOs
that are difficult to model in GCMs