3. Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A
democratic rule involves sharing power with those
affected by its exercise, and who have to live with
its effects.
All communities, social groups get their say in the
governance.
People have a right to be consulted on how they
are to be governed. A legitimate government is
one where citizens acquire a stake in the system;
through participation.
4. It avoids conflicts between different social groups. The
absence of power sharing can result in division of the
country.
Power sharing helps in avoiding the tyranny of
majority. The tyranny of majority not only destroys
the minority social groups but also the majority
social group.
People’s voice forms the basis of a democratic
government. Hence, power sharing is essential to
respect the spirit of democracy.
5. The avoiding conflict in society and preventing
majority tyranny are considered as prudential
reasons for power sharing. Maintaining the spirit
of democracy is considered as the moral reason
for power sharing.
6.
7.
8.
9. Ethnic
composition of
NIGERIA (174
million people)
Muslims 50.8 %
They live in the
northern part of
the country
Most of them
are Sunni
Muslims
Christians
49.2%
They live in
southern &
central part of
the country
As Muslims narrowly form the majority of the population, many of them demand
the introduction of Sharia – the Islamic law – as the main source of legislation.
Twelve Northern states have introduced sharia as a basis of the executive and
judicial branches of government in the years 1999 and 2000.
10. In 1980’s military ruler of Nigeria
General Ibrahim enrolled Nigeria in
the Islamic conference
This was the move that aggravated
religious tensions in the country
particularly among Christians
Spreading of Sharia system all over
the country lead to loss of powers
to non Muslims
This lead to many riots all over the
country
11. Sharia Conflict in Nigeria began in 1999 with the
establishment of sharia law in several Muslim-majority
states in Northern Nigeria, despite the secular
Constitution of Nigeria and the disagreeing Christian
minority.
From 2000 onwards, occasional riots between Christians
and Muslims have resulted in thousands of deaths. Since
2009, when the Islamist group Boko Haram started an
armed rebellion against the secular government of
Nigeria, the conflict has become more violent.
In 2010, 55 people were killed in claimed or suspected
Boko Haram attacks. By 2013, the annual death toll
exceeded 1000, with a further sharp increase occurring in
early 2014.
12. Sharia
conflict of
Nigeria
(1999)
In 1953, Religious
riot occured in
northern city of
KANO
In 1980’s, Riot due to
death of Mohammed
Marwa
In 1991, Reinhard
Bonnke attempted a
crusade in Kano,
causing a religious
riot leading to the
deaths of about a
dozen people
Appointment of a
Muslim politician,
Alhaji Muktar
Mohammed lead to
riot in 2000 & 2001
between Christians &
Muslims.
13. Green - Sharia plays no
role in the judicial
system
Yellow - Sharia applies in
personal status
issues only
Purple - Sharia applies in
full, including criminal law
As of 2012, the following 12
states have instituted Sharia:
Zamfara State
Kano State
Sokoto State
Katsina State
Bauchi State
Borno State
Jigawa State
Kebbi State
Yobe State
Kaduna State
Niger State
Gombe State
14. 1914 Nigeria was amalgamated, and the North of the
newly created country had been largely Muslim
for centuries, whereas the South was mostly
animist.
1914 Nigeria was amalgamated, only about a decade
after the defeat of the Sokoto Caliphate and other
Islamic states by the British which were to
constitute much of Northern Nigeria.
1953
1966 The Igbo massacre of 1966 in the North that
followed the counter-coup of the same year had
as a dual cause the Igbo officers' coup and pre-
existing (sectarian) tensions between the Igbos
and the local Muslims.
1980’s upsurge in violence due to death of Mohammed
Marwa ("Maitatsine")
15. 1980 Maitatsine's death
1991 the German evangelist Reinhard Bonnke attempted a
crusade in Kano, causing a religious riot leading to the
deaths of about a dozen people.
1999 Sharia was instituted as a main body of civil and criminal
law in 9 Muslim-majority and in some parts of 3 Muslim-
plurality states
1999 & 2000 Twelve Northern states have introduced sharia as a basis of
the executive and judicial branches of government.
2000’s the 2000s decade would see inter-religious violence
continue in Jos and Kaduna.
2001 October riot killed over 100 people in Kano State.
16. 2002 The Nigerian journalist Isioma Daniel wrote an
article that led to the demonstrations and violence
that caused the deaths of over 200 in Kaduna
2004 Yelwa massacre occured which killed 100’s of
people.
2009 Mohammad Yusuf was killed & nigerian government
launched an investigation
2010 More than 500, mostly Christian people, were killed
by religious violence in Jos.
January 2010 After the killing of M. Yusuf, the group carried out its
first terrorist attack in Borno . It resulted in the
killing of four people.
2012 The 9 states have instituted Sharia
2012 Abubakar Shekau, a former deputy to Yusuf,
appeared in a video posted on YouTube. According
to Reuters, Shekau took control of the group after
Yusuf's death in 2009. Authorities had previously
believed that Shekau died during the violence in
2009.
17. 2013 ( MAY ) Nigerian governmental forces launched an
offensive in the Borno region in an attempt to
dislodge Boko Haram fighters after a state of
emergency was called on May 14.
15 April 2014 Chibok kidnapping:terrorists abducted about
276 female students from a college in Chibok in
Borno state.
20 May 2014 Jos Bombings:, a total of two bombs in the city
of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, were detonated,
resulting in the deaths of at least 118 people and
the injury of more than 56 others.
18.
19. The conflict has seen numerous
human rights abuses conducted by
the Nigerian security forces, in an
effort to control the violence, as
well as their encouragement of the
formation of numerous vigilante
groups (for example, the Civilian
Joint Task Force).
A military Joint Task Amnesty
International has accused the
Nigerian government of human
rights abuses after 950 suspected
Boko Harām militants died in
detention facilities run by Nigeria
Force in the first half of 2013.
20. Boko Haram often engages in kidnapping young girls for use as
cooks, in forced marriage; the most famous example being the
Chibok kidnapping in 2014.
In addition to kidnapping child brides, Human Rights Watch
states that Boko Harām uses child soldiers, including 12-year-
olds.
This was done in nigeria which actually was against the human
rights.
21.
22. Therefore they can try to solve the problem
by forming a constitution which gives equal
power to everyone
Every difficult task has a simple solution
Everyone should think themselves as
Nigerians & not as single and exclusive
members
This can lead them to solve their conflicts
