http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-hxnd65C60 https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-is-domestic-terrorism-understanding-law-and-fbi-definitions-terrorist-activity-in-the-united-states/ https://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm 3 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a physiological disorder is exhibited by extreme anxiety caused by normal disputes that reflects in functional deterioration in the limbic system of the brain. The limbic system of the brain plays a major role in controlling and regulating fundamental emotions of a person via neural channels among the amygdala, dosolateral prefrontal crigulate cortex, ventromedial anterior complex, and hippocampus areas of the brain (Preston, 2017). These regions are linked to acquired anxiety and expression. 3 Anxiety disorders may be posed by a complicated set of threats including; genetic, biochemical composition, behavioral, and life situations. 3 These disorders are psychopathological and are defined by extreme risks, and worry associated with physical, shared, and mental responses. Individuals who suffer this disorder show excessive unrealistic feelings that interfere with their physiology, behavior, and cognition (Preston, 2017). Suzy is no exception to this situation as through her life she experiences trauma of her parents differences, her mother overdosing and this condition complexes I her adulthood. She is enraged by anxiety and worry to an extent of indulging in alcoholism. 3 Abnormality in function of specific neurochemicals and abnormal chemoreceptors reactivity causes anxiety. The neurotransmitters involved in anxiety can either be inhibitory or excitatory (Lichtblau, 2011). They include; serotonin, glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid, cholecytokinin, and adenosine among others. They function to modulate the circuit of neural system attached to anxiety, up regulation of amygdala activity, or reduced activity of the limbic system. 3 They react by either suppressing the inhibition of transmission, raising excitatory neurotransmission, increase in monoamine neurotransmitters, and hyperactivity to opioid and neuropeptide activity in amygdala linked paths. Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) is the major neurotransmitter involved in anxiety. It controls emotional states in the brain. Neuronal activity level of the brain is normalized by the equilibrium by emotional participation majorly glutarmatergic and GABAergic inhibitory mechanism. 3 Shift in equilibrium to GABA results in sedation, ataxia, and amnesia, while mild condition leads to restlessness, insomnia, anxiety, arousal, and inflated reactivity. Studies have shown dysregulation of GABA; particularly GABA A variant has been connected in elevation of amygdala activity in the brain responsible for generalized anxiety disorder (Litchblau, 2011). Various drugs have been administered for GAD treatment. 1 According to the National Institute of Mental Health, (2016), they include; benzodiazepines, gabapentin, and pregabalin. Benz ...

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-hxnd65C60
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-is-domestic-terrorism-
understanding-law-and-fbi-definitions-terrorist-activity-in-the-
united-states/
https://www.justice.gov/archive/ll/highlights.htm
3 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a physiological
disorder is exhibited by extreme anxiety caused by normal
disputes that reflects in functional deterioration in the limbic
system of the brain. The limbic system of the brain plays a
major role in controlling and regulating fundamental emotions
of a person via neural channels among the amygdala, dosolateral
prefrontal crigulate cortex, ventromedial anterior complex, and
hippocampus areas of the brain (Preston, 2017). These regions
are linked to acquired anxiety and expression.
3 Anxiety disorders may be posed by a complicated set of
threats including; genetic, biochemical composition, behavioral,
and life situations. 3 These disorders are psychopathological
and are defined by extreme risks, and worry associated with
physical, shared, and mental responses. Individuals who suffer
this disorder show excessive unrealistic feelings that interfere
with their physiology, behavior, and cognition (Preston, 2017).
Suzy is no exception to this situation as through her life she
experiences trauma of her parents differences, her mother
overdosing and this condition complexes I her adulthood. She is
enraged by anxiety and worry to an extent of indulging in
alcoholism.
3 Abnormality in function of specific neurochemicals and
abnormal chemoreceptors reactivity causes anxiety. The

2. neurotransmitters involved in anxiety can either be inhibitory or
excitatory (Lichtblau, 2011). They include; serotonin,
glutamate, gamma-amino butyric acid, cholecytokinin, and
adenosine among others. They function to modulate the circuit
of neural system attached to anxiety, up regulation of amygdala
activity, or reduced activity of the limbic system. 3 They react
by either suppressing the inhibition of transmission, raising
excitatory neurotransmission, increase in monoamine
neurotransmitters, and hyperactivity to opioid and neuropeptide
activity in amygdala linked paths.
Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) is the major
neurotransmitter involved in anxiety. It controls emotional
states in the brain. Neuronal activity level of the brain is
normalized by the equilibrium by emotional participation
majorly glutarmatergic and GABAergic inhibitory mechanism. 3
Shift in equilibrium to GABA results in sedation, ataxia, and
amnesia, while mild condition leads to restlessness, insomnia,
anxiety, arousal, and inflated reactivity. Studies have shown
dysregulation of GABA; particularly GABA A variant has been
connected in elevation of amygdala activity in the brain
responsible for generalized anxiety disorder (Litchblau, 2011).
Various drugs have been administered for GAD treatment. 1
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, (2016),
they include; benzodiazepines, gabapentin, and pregabalin.
Benzodiazepines are the common like diazepam, manages this
disorder, these drugs enhance the GABAergic inhibition through
GABA-A receptors resulting in an allosteric change in the
receptor complex thereby increasing GABA efficiency. This
enables the GABAergic circuits to generate more inhibition. 3
Gabapentin is a formulated analog of GABA it effectively alters
the symptoms of anxiety and phobia. Progabalin also a GABA
analog acts by increasing total GABA content in the brain
reducing GD symptoms and phobia. Long term substance abuse
of tobacco and caffeine by Suzy would have contributed to her
condition as they elevate anxiety levels.
3 I would recommend awareness of the right drugs to administer

3. in treatment of mental health clients. This will help clinicians in
developing a wise plan of medication, the correct prescription
to be administered and due duration of positive effect in a
client, beware the clients of the side effects of drugs and how
they are managed, and reduced cases of drug failure in clients.
These can be applied too to Suzy’s condition and that of her
mother to help her recover from this condition.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.

4. An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
Domestic vs. International Terrorism
Video Link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyN2_GxpmPg
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement

5. Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.

6. An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban

7. areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?

8. Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where
there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
An Overview of Law Enforcement
Victimization is more likely to occur in places where

9. there is a high density of high-risk social groups.
Who would be considered high-risk: Other criminals?
Undocumented immigrants? Drug addicted? Homeless?
Generally, victimization rates are higher in urban
areas compared to suburban or rural areas.
Terrorism
When terrorism incidents involve victims in one country and
perpetrators in another, law enforcement officers cannot rely
on the procedures they normally use to find evidence and/or
apprehend domestic perpetrators.
Terrorism
On a global scale concerning terrorism, a U.S. arrest warrant
or search warrant is worthless in any other country, in the same
way that a French warrant has no legal effect in the United
States.
Can you provide any other examples where court orders
from one jurisdiction are recognized by other jurisdictions?
Terrorism
The problem of collecting evidence and apprehending
perpetrators in another country is not unique to terrorism.

10. Criminals have historically fled areas where they committed
their
crime(s) in an effort to avoid being prosecuted and punished.
Terrorism
Cross-border crimes create challenges for law enforcement
officers.
One challenge is collecting evidence from abroad;
the other is obtaining custody of a suspect who is abroad.
Extradition Process? Rewards? Other options/recourse?
Terrorism
Investigators have two alternatives they
can use to obtain evidence from abroad.
One alternative is to rely on the formal devices that have
historically been used to gather evidence in transnational
criminal cases. Warrants, subpoenas, “seeking information”,
etc.
The other option is informal cooperation.
Terrorism

11. Cybercrime investigators also have two alternatives they can
use to gain custody of a suspect who is in another country.
One alternative is to rely on extradition, the formal device that
is used
to transfer a suspect from one country to another.
The other option involves informal action by the country
seeking the
suspect.
Terrorism
EVIDENCE COLLECTION
As the U.S. Department of Justice states, the formal devices
officers can use to obtain evidence from abroad include:
Treaty Requests, as well as a requests for assistance via
Executive Agreement(s).
Diplomatic Concerns? Conflicts? Negotiation Tactics?
Terrorism
The single greatest advantage of informal cooperation is the
speed with which evidence can be preserved and collected.
The single greatest disadvantage of informal cooperation is
that it depends on the investigating officer knowing how to
contact his counterpart in the country in which the evidence
is located.

12. Terrorism
Informal cooperation depends to a great
extent on networking among investigators.
Some investigators are very effective at this, often because
they have the resources to be able to attend conferences
where they meet investigators from other countries.
Many investigators are not effective at this because they simply
do
not have the opportunity to network with officers from other
countries.
Terrorism
ARRESTING SUSPECTS:
Officers have two ways to gain custody of suspects who are in
another country: Extradition, the formal device that has
historically
been used to transfer suspects from one country to another;
and Extra-Legal, unilateral action by the country seeking the
suspect.
Terrorism
ARRESTING SUSPECTS:

13. The truly difficult cases are the ones in which the perpetrators’
country
will not or cannot extradite them and refuses to prosecute them
for the
crimes they committed abroad.
Victim countries may have no official recourse. The only
options may
be to give up on prosecuting the offenders or to resort to extra-
legal
action to obtain custody of them.
Terrorism