Psychoanalytical Talking Cures

Psychoanalytical Talking Cures
In the former years, there was no indication of any arrangement of psychoanalytical talking cures. People who were dealing with psychological
disorders were not acknowledged as a person, they were understood as crazed. In all past cases anyone with a sign of a psychologically disordered
symptom were sent away to psychiatric institutions, where instead of assistance and comfort, they got filled with substantial dosages of medication and
were treated in some of the cruelest of ways. As years went on, doctors tried to eliminate mental illnesses in the whole, however their approach with
this was gruesome as some methods included medically induced comas, and electro–shock therapies (Foerschner 2010). We are fortunate to now have
encapsulated... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is however false, as Freud based his research from long– time friend and companion Josef Breuer, as he had made clear in 1909 (Freud, 1914).
Psychoanalytical talking cures only began be seen as useful once Freud rejected the idea of hypnotic therapy, though it is understood to have been
capable to unravel the disremembered memories of trauma patients, which is proven with a particular study of Anna O. When Freud and Breuer
were first introduced to Anna O, she had been paralyzed with extensive pains due to the obsessive repressions of her feelings and memories, which
can occur when individuals in their childhood start to repress their emotions and needs that they put added pressure on other parts of themselves
(Salter, 2013). It was only when Anna was able to begin to murmur words of her past involvements, was when she started to become better and able to
do things again, as the added stresses of her emotional shame were being relieved (Freud 1910). It was after Anna that Freud had begun to use the
talking methods on other patients with sufferings like Anna's and distresses formed by the same form of emotional grief. This is when Freud states his
ideologies that our future emotional anguishes begin at a non–beneficial reaction from our past (Freud
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Psychoanalytical Essay: The Church Of Scientology
After spending a quarter of a million dollars on books and spending many hours of her day at auditing sessions, Mrs.Richardson was put into a
re–indoctrination camp in order to reintegrate her into the religion. This whole process began when a higher ranking Scientologist found an issue
with her paperwork from a few years ago. Mrs.Richardson must now pay even more of her hard earned money to get more books and audio tapes to
listen to. She now starts to contemplate whether this is really for the better of her religious experience or if it is just another way to make a profit off
unsuspecting people. This is the problem with Scientology; deep down underneath the church facade, it is a business. The Church of Scientology is a
disastrous, malevolent, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A wide array of questionable activities takes place in the church. For example, after spending thousands of dollars on books and course the
Scientologists supposedly move to a higher ranking in the church. However, sometimes the church will say something was wrong with your second
level you must restart your learning. And, let us say that you refuse the offer of their help your future was uncertain. Both as a church member and as a
regular human. Just like in the Lisa McPherson case. Lisa McPherson was an active member of the church up until right around the holiday season.
The church began to notice her unhappiness. Which forced "the church to place her in Introspection Rundown due to the churches diagnosis of
mental instability,"(The Most Authoritative Lisa McPherson Video Ever Made). According to The Tampa Bay Times, Lisa got in a minor car
accident in November of 1995. Minutes after Lisa emerged from her car she rips her clothing and tells the paramedic, "I need help. I need to talk to
someone." This deranged act was not a side effect from the accident but a cry for help. A cry which was heard by that paramedic who brought her to
Morton Plant Hospital. However, Lisa signs herself out against the doctor's orders. Fellow church members take her to Fort Harrison where her doctor,
Janis Johnson, was not licensed to practice medicine since her license was

The Biological And Psychoanalytical Approach
Both the biological and psychoanalytical approach have had a long history and still stand current today. Assumptions of the biological approach to
psychology view men as a biological organism; everything, from what we think to what we do, has its basis in our physical structure (Carlson, 2004).
Alternatively, the psychoanalytical approach heavily focuses on the "unconscious" and the role of internal processes in shaping personality and thus
behaviour (Glassman & Hadad, 2004). Fathered by Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis it has led to viable talking therapy, as has the biological work
of Helmholtz and Cajal allowed us clearer views on the physiological side of psychology and perception (Comer, 1995). This paper will examine the
similarities and differences between the two perspectives with the focus on the core assumptions and key features of them both alongside their
strengths and weaknesses.
The key features of the biological approach lie with trying to answer the questions surrounding the relationship between mind and body. This includes
how the nervous system and hormones work, how the brain functions, how changes in structure and function can affect behavior and the influence of
heredity. Its basic assumption suggests that psychology is a science, and therefore must be researched like one; in a lab. Concluding that our behaviour
can be largely explained in terms of biology (McLeod, 2015).
Whilst the psychoanalytical approach does adopt a medical perspective and

A Psychoanalytical View of Crime and Punishment and...
Homicide always will be an aspect of life, whether it is in the 16th century, 21st century or in the future. At times of extreme stress, people may turn to
murder as an outlet of a greater problem they cannot fix or control. Presently, homicide has a greater value in society due to popular culture references
through the media such as television, film and writing; society constantly has homicide and murder in the subconscious. In David M. Buss' findings in
The Murderer Next Door: Why the Mind is Designed to Kill, According to our findings, 91 percent of men and 84 percent of women have had at least
one such vivid fantasy about killing someone...the human mind has developed adaptations for killing–deeply ingrained patterns of thought, ... Show
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He is immaculately groomed and dressed. His body marks not disruption or Otherness but normalcy. (231)
I agree in the way Ellis' character "fails to embody the kind of hybridism or repulsion necessary" as the stereotypical serial killer, a point that needs
emphasizing since so many people still believe those with homicidal abilities posses homicidal and monstrous features. Dostoyevsky's character also
portrays his intelligence through his article On Crime and in his household, a major location in the novel where his friends and family congregate.
Dostoyevsky describes, "...a painted table in the corner on which lay a few manuscripts and books; the dust that lay thick upon them showed that they
had been long untouched," (Dostoyevsky 1.3.1). Although through time Raskolnikov's value for education diminishes, he still leads the lifestyle he
once possessed after the murder. Going to bars and living the life they lead before the murders of the pawn broker, her sister and the fourteen people
slaughtered by Bateman reveal Raskolnikov's and Bateman's real outlook on life. Feeling no remorse, they move on to the next item on their to–do list.
The modus operandi, or the method of operation, describes one's habits which lead to identification and apprehension of the offender. In addition, the
modus operandi includes the motive for committing the crime, in this case, homicide. This

Erick Erickson A Psychoanalytical Perspective on human...
Erickson's Psychoanalytical Perspective on Human Development Final Project Paper Excelsior Community College Tatiane Boyd 4/19/15 This paper
was prepared for PSY 235, Lifespan Development. Abstract The growth and development happening throughout a human's life have been divided into
five broad categories including infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging. However, in accordance with Erick Erickson, human
development happens in eight different psychosocial stages. And that with every single stage, new conflicts arise. Yet, these crises happening in one's
life should be fully resolved before moving on to the next level. Based on Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, each one of these stages are...
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Yet, before one can move on to the next level, every single conflict happening in one's life, in that particular stage, should be resolved before moving
on to the next level. He emphasized that at each stage, attitudes and skills are acquired making the individual an active, contributing member of
society. (Berk, L. 2007) Based on Erickson's theory of psychosocial development, each one of these stages are crucial in one's life, building blocks of
emotional and social development of human beings. (Parrish, M. 2009). Stage One: Trust vs. Mistrust Erickson's trust vs. mistrust stage starts from
birth, ending at approximately one year of age. The focus is this stage focus on the quality of the relationship between the infant with their mother.
(Bornstein, M., & Lerner, R.) Or the relationship with their primary caregivers. In this stage, the main question is "Trust or not to Trust?" Erickson
described this stage as a crucial stage in an infant's life. For instance, when close, warm and responsive care is given to the infant from their mothers,
the infant can learn how to trust; (Vaughan, M. D., & Rodriguez, E. M. 2013) However, when the opposite happens, mistrust may happens instead
(Berk, L. 2007) In addition, problematic outcomes associated with a negative outcome from this stage may include frustration, lack of confidence,
suspicion; more serious issues would involve

Psychological Theory Of Crime Is The Psychoanalytical Theory
One psychological theory of crime is the psychoanalytical theory. Developed by Freud, this theory suggests that innate desires and repressed
emotions are what shapes individual behaviour and are thus the cause of offending behaviours. Freud proposes that the mind is made up of 3
components: the Id, the ego and the superego. The Id is a part of the unconscious mind that we are born with; it is dominated by aggressive drives
that are monitored by the ego. The superego, unlike the Id, develops as a result of early social experiences and is the 'moral guardian' of an individual.
Due to this, criminal behaviour can be seen to be an expression of buried internal conflicts that have resulted due to deprivations experienced at
childhood, such... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Freud's theory can be seen to be supported by control theory; the idea that we are all born with a natural inclination to violate rules of society ( the
animalistic/aggressive nature of the Id) and crime results from a failure of others to bond with the individual and teach them not to offend. This is,
however, a sociological theory and thus puts forward the question of whether to account fully for offending behaviour whether both psychological and
sociological theories needs to be taken into consideration.
This disruption of attachment playing a key role is accounting for offending behaviours was emphasized by Bowlby who suggested there was a link
between maternal deprivation and anti–social behaviour. He proposed that any rejection or separation between mother and child in early childhood
development was highly problematic. This was backed up the '44 thieves study' (Bowlby 1944) in which it was reported that 39% of a group of
juvenile delinquents had experienced significant disruption to their attachments, compared with just 5% of the non–delinquent group. Although this
study does show support for the idea that disruption of attachments and consequently having a weak superego can be significance to explain offending
behaviours, it cannot be seen to give concrete evidence to fully account for offending behaviours. 61% of the delinquents had still committed some
form of offending behaviour without any disruption to

Psychoanalytical Study of "A Streetcar Named Desire"
Summary: An analysis of some of the many symbols found in "A Streetcar Named Desire" by Tennessee Williams, with the help of psychoanalytical
theory. Williams' expert use of these symbols helped him to convey the meaning of many characteristics of the protagonists in the play. It is very
debatable nowadays how much psychology can influence an author or how much the author's psychological features can influence his work.
The creation of a character demands different kinds of information and the most important part of this process happens when the psychological aspects
of the character are put together to meet his life history up to that moment when the story is happening.When A Streetcar Named Desire is read by
someone who knows something ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The warm water reminds us of the warmth we felt in our mother's womb and this feeling gives everyone a sense of protection, tenderness and
comfort.Also according to the psychoanalytical theory, people who are always bathing themselves are trying to clean something which is difficult to be
cleaned. Something psychological rather than physical.
Colours
Blanche means white in French. White is the symbol of purity. She wears white at the beginning ofthe play when she arrives at her sister's house. She
thinks that by wearing this colour she will be able to hide her impure behaviour. Blanche also prefers muted and muffled tones because she doesn't
want to call too much attention on herself.Blue is the colour Blanche chooses to wear on her last day at Stanley and Stella's house. She mentions
that she wants to die on the sea, and be buried at sea sewn up in a clean white sack. (...) into an ocean as blue as my first lover's eyes Stanley wears
vivid colours to prove his physical manhood. His green and scarlet bowling shirt and his red honeymoon pyjamas are examples of it.
Raw meat
In the first scene of the play Stanley calls Stella to the front door of their apartment and throws at her a package of raw meat for her to catch and
keep in the icebox. Stanley and Stella share a very sexual relationship and Stanley is depicted as being a primitive man. This scene tells us what kind
of relationship Stanley and Stella have:

Sigmund Freud And His Psychoanalytical Theory Essay
Psychoanalysis describes searching the subconscious mind to find the origin of all thoughts, behaviors, and desires. Authors of many notable works
of literature have used Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytical approach to further analyze their character 's inner thoughts and desires, and to give
reasons for their faults and flaws. People tend to repress their shameful desires in the present, because they cause dissonance and because it makes
them feel uncomfortable. Freud believed conflicts occur due to one's repressed desires, which cause inconsistencies in the id, ego, and superego. The
id describes the part of one's unconscious personality which contains the primitive impulses, thrives off of the pleasure principle, and aids in helping
people achieve their basic needs. The id serves as a part of one's deep subconscious and exists as an inaccessible part of one's personality, which one
cannot control Contrary to the id, the superego describes the conscious part of human personality, which contains the morals and values of the society
and tries to restrain one from engaging in behaviors that go against those values. Between the id and superego lies the ego, the mediator of "instinctual
pleasure and societal authority" (Baym 210). The ego determines which desires to satisfy. When in harmony, the three create a stable and healthy
personality, but when one offsets others and disobeys commands, guilt and shame occur. In the psychological romantic novel,The Scarlet Letter,

Psychoanalytical Criticism of Macbeth
Psychoanalytical criticism is a form of literary critique, which uses some of the techniques of psychoanalysis in the interpretation of literature. One of
the more prevalent Psychoanalytical theorists after Freud was Jacques Lacan. In his text, "The Signification of the Phallus," asserts that the idea of
both sexes are based on the male "being" and the female "having" the phallus, and these two differences determine the relations between the sexes
while also bringing them together. For Lacan, the phallus for males represents power, authority, and desire while for females the phallus signifies lack
of power and agency (182).
Another important text by Lacan is "The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason since Freud." This text ... Show more content on
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I would argue, however, that Lady Macbeth's "unsex me here" speech tends to deconstruct gender categories, unfixing the rigid cultural distinctions as
well as attributes which define male and female" (Chamberlain 79).
Lady Macbeth wants the spirits to "unsex [her] here" not because she wants to be transformed into a man, but rather she desires the same male
characteristics as her husband which are associated with violence. Alfar claims, "If she does indeed transgress her gender to become more manly,
therefore, it is because she must do so to reflect–as conduct manuals demand–the bloody desire of her husband (181).
After returning home from the battlefield, Macbeth consciously ponders murdering his king. However, his loyalty to the crown overtakes his hidden
desire, and he resolves: "If chance will have me king, why, chance / may crown me / Without my stir (1.3) Macbeth then informs Lady Macbeth that
he is not will to commit regicide. Upon hearing that Macbeth has disregarded his "black and deep desires," Lady Macbeth tries to convince Macbeth
to go through with the deed:
Was the hope drunk
Wherein you dressed yourself? Hath it slept since?
And wakes it now, to look so green and pale
At what it did so freely? From this time
Such I account thy love. Art thou afeard
To be the same in thine own act and valor
As thou art in desire? Wouldst thou have that
Which thou esteem'st the ornament of life
Lady Macbeth encourages Macbeth to commit treason by

Psychoanalytical Analysis of "The Black Cat" Essay
In Edgar Allen Poe's short story, The Black Cat, there is a lot of symbolism regarding hidden attributes of his life. The black cat itself represents not
only a hidden meaning but a meaning the narrator wished to keep hidden. The black cat symbolizes the narrator's or Poe's alcoholism. Edgar Allen
Poe has been accused of being an alcoholic throughout his life and it may have actually lead up to the cause of his death. The short story may give a
subtle view at Poe's fight with the disease and the disease's eventual triumph. The black cat may not only be a symbol of the alcoholism that Poe faces
but perhaps just his conscious in general regarding most anything deviant.
The black cat, Pluto, is at first the narrator's friend. He ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His house burns down shortly after but he makes no connection between it and the hanging cat. He finds part of the house left unharmed by fire
and sees an impression of a gigantic cat with a rope around its neck. He seeks a rational explanation for it but is ultimately haunted. This bit of the
story could refer to Poe's "kicking the habit" only to have it catch back up to him. The addiction eats at his insides and follows him everywhere he
goes. It could also represent his conscious in a way that, for whatever he has done, he has tried to kill his memory of it, but it never really dies
because it lives within him.
Nearing the end of the story, another car has appeared. This one looks very similar to Pluto, except it has a splash of white on its fur. Much like
Pluto, the narrator takes a liking to this cat. While drunk one night, the narrator spots the cat on top of a barrel of alcohol. This may be the most
discrete message in the story about how the cat symbolizes alcoholism. The new cat is treated much like Pluto and the same pattern occurs with him
feeling hatred toward the cat. He trips over the cat and is set off into a fitted rage and moves to attack the cat with an axe. His wife, in an attempt to
save the cat, jumps in front of it and the narrator then becomes outraged with her and smashes her in the face with the axe. The cat then disappears. The
alcoholism in this

Psychoanalytical Criticism
Have you ever wanted to know the deep details of a story and how you can gather more information that you would have never known? There are some
novels that have a secret
Meaning to them such as In Cold Blood by Truman Capote and The Ones Who Walk Away From
Omelas by Ursala K. LeGuin. In order to find the deep secret information you will put together some criticism so you can understand it better. The
main criticisms for the two novels is
Psychoanalytical Criticism. Psychoanalytical Criticism is the focus on the characters and what is going on internally and their motivations. It can also
seek what is going on in the mind of the author. In the book In Cold Blood the author is focusing on the murder case in Holcomb, Kansas.
This is a true story about where there were two convicts who murdered four members of the
Clutter family with a shotgun that is held a few inches from the face in November, 1959. There was no apparent for the crime and there were
almost no clues. During the scene Al Dewey, a sheriff and a special F.B.I. agent, was obsessed with the Clutter case that he sought to know who
killed the family. As all of this is going on the whole town is scared about the killing and they wanted to know who killed them, so the killers could
be penalized big time. At this time the author was there during the whole scene and he gathered all the details of the slaying of the family and gathered
all of the information that was needed to tell the world about the real truth of
Sawyer

Psychoanalytical Draft Of The Color Purple By Alice Walker
Psychoanalytical Draft of The Color Purple In her novel The Color Purple, Alice Walker portrays the life of Celie, a downcast and oppressed
African American woman, from the 1910s to the 1940s in the rural south. The Color Purple generally received positive reviews although the
opposing side criticized Walker's creation of "portraying an overly negative view of black men." Nonetheless, Alice Walker was awarded a Pulitzer
prize in 1983, and her work spawned the creation of The Color Purple movie by Steven Spielberg. The Color Purple, along with Walker's other
writings, was seasoned with black vernacular and the residing effects of slavery and oppression on African American people ("Walker"). Her
writing style and voice is based off of her homelife. Walker was the eighth and youngest child of two black sharecroppers in Eatonton, Georgia
(Williams). When she was eight, her brother accidentally shot her in the right eye with a BB gun. Her parents, too poor to afford a car, could not
take her to a doctor for several days. By the time they could, her wound was too far gone, and she lost the use of her right eye. This crutch soon
became a blessing because it aided to her voice. She "withdrew from others and became a meticulous observer of human relationships and
interaction."("Walker"). In the story, Celie's societal trials and tribulations and social expectations have a psychological affect on her as she tries to
find her identity. Celie is the main character in Walker's novel. Throughout the course of the book, she developes from a meek, flighty, low
self–esteemed fourteen year–old girl, inflicted by the abuse from her stepfather and arranged husband, into a confident, fighty, high self– esteemed age
woman with the help of other women characters –– most prominently Shug Avery and Celie's sister, Nettie. During the earlier years of her life, Celie
had a "flight" versus fight mentality. This is because women during this time period were expected to listen, be dependent, and be married off. If not,
they were frowned upon, such as Miss Beasley, a teacher; "She run off at the mouth so much no man would have her. That is how come she have to
teach school" (10). Also, Celie learned she had to be flighty as a survival

Sublimation Mechanism of Psychoanalytical Counselling...
SUBLIMATION MECHANISM OF PSYCHOANALYTICAL COUNSELLING THEORY AS A TOOL FOR ADDRESSING JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA
A PAPER PRESENTED BY
PROF. FATI SHUAIBU
AND
NTAMU BLESSING AGBO
ON THE FIRST NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION NASARAWA STATE UNIVERSITY KEFFI HELD IN 1000
AUDITORIUM SEAT 12TH– 14TH JUNE, 2012.
ABSTRACT
The present methods being utilized by teachers, counselors and administrators in dealing with cases of indiscipline and juvenile delinquency in our
secondary schools have not been sufficient or effective for handling all delinquent behaviours in our schools, hence the high prevalence of indiscipline
and delinquency issues. This paper is not geared towards setting hard and fast rules on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Diverting sexual and aggressive energies or subliming this energy is the focus of this paper. If these destructive energies are diverted into socially
acceptable pursuits, there will be none of the destructive energy available to juveniles for engaging in delinquent behaviours. It is pertinent at this point
to ensure that the terms 'juvenile' and 'delinquents' or 'juvenile delinquency' is properly understood.
Juvenile delinquency is utilized in this work to refer to a series of behaviour engaged in by young or youthful persons (juveniles; according to the
Illustrated Oxford Dictionary Revised edition) that is detrimental to life and property of the society, which will be considered criminal behaviours if
exhibited by adults. Delinquent behaviours targeted in this paper are mainly behaviours related to sexual and aggressive energies; among which are;
vandalization of property, sexual harassment of all kinds including rape, fighting, armed robbery, bullying, cultism, all gangster behaviour etc. These
behaviours characterize our secondary schools and prevent the schools from achieving their purpose of wholistic education and development of
individual students; hence constant efforts to keep these delinquent activities at its barest. The fact that these behaviours still prevail at a disturbing rate
in our educational institutions, evident by reports of such

Psychoanalysis In Deborah Appleman's The Rabbit Cage
Psychoanalysis in "The Rabbit Cage" In prior years, psychology has been placed into everyday life; there are just a few of important psychologist's
names to remember: Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung, all with comparable theories. Sigmund Freud was skilled as a psychiatrist in the late
19th century. He usually examined and studied on neurotic middle–aged females. These examinations and studies later escorted Sigmund to propose a
theory on the development of personality. Freud presented that the dissimilarity in human personalities can be detected back to the early disputes
between experience and the way desires were handled. These conflicts continue to exist among the average adult and exert pressure through motivated
behavior... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, psychoanalysis is the base component to tons of other types of therapy and treatment programs such as child psychiatry, family therapy, and
general psychiatric practices.
According to Deborah Appleman in her Critical Encounters book "The only way for people to change is for them to face and admit to their
problems" (Appleman 156). "The Rabbit Cage" is a short story written by David Armand who tells of a time when he and his father were living on
another man's land. This story relates to the psychoanalytical theory because much like what Deborah Appleman wrote in her Critical encounters
book, the story explains how the only way for people to change is they have to wake up and realize that they could use some help.
In "The Rabbit Cage", there are three main characters. The three main characters are the son, the father, and the property owner, Mr. Tally. Each of
these characters is exposed to the psychoanalytical theory in their own insufficient ways, but at different levels. The son, for example, or the
narrator, in the terse anecdote does not really expose himself to the psychoanalysis theory as much as his father does. The son is more of an observer
and a learner of what is happening around him. Although in the text he explains how he is going to live forever while trying to pay his father's debts
because the psychological factors that his dad has set up for him is now setting the

Psychoanalytical Criticism Of Mending Walls
Mending Walls, a Psychoanalytical Criticism More times than none, authors write concealed meanings that they want the reader to discover. Like
Norman N. Holland describes "literary criticism is about books and psychoanalysis is about minds" (Holland), psychoanalytical criticism focuses more
on the mind of the reader and author, rather than the word for word meaning of the sentences. With Mending Walls,Robert Frost wrote it in an open
style of poetry; not focusing on rhymes, but constructing each sentence with ten syllables. Nevertheless, Frost intents to catch the attention of the
reader by intentionally making ten sentences throughout the poem into eleven syllables. This essay will intend to discover the hidden meaning that
Robert Frost ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Frost used a distinct way of writing throughout his poem that not only hooked the reader into the story, but also made them question their own views
of walls, both physical and psychological. In the poem it is displayed that walls can be both good and bad. The wall that the narrator sees as the
embodiment of what separates them, it is actually the one thing that brings them together every spring. Near the end, the narrator brings back the
original question, what is the something? With this poem, maybe Frost wanted the reader to examine themselves and their surroundings and try to
answer the question of tradition, and how they unite us and separates us at the same time. The narrator's neighbor is the personification of the old
ways and custom in the poem, it is evident as he is constantly repeating "good fences make good neighbors" (Frost 245) and the fact that "he will not
go behind his father's saying" (Frost 246). Even though, good fences make good neighbors is a well–known proverb, people will eventually ask
themselves: Why is it necessary to have fences to build good

A Psychoanalytical Reading of "Everyday Use" by Alice Walker
Eman Mohammed A psychoanalytical reading of "Everyday Use" by Alice Walker In everyday use the story is about a black family consists of two
daughters and a mother. Its main idea is the attachment between each character to the past and to their family. Each character has different perspective
towards the past. In my following essay I intend to look deeply in the characters' mind by applying the psychoanalytical reading which can present
details not only about the text but also about the author. There are different angles of this field and I'm going to tackle some of them; by means of
using some Freudian terms I will depend on the character analysis method and by referring to the characters in relation with the author... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The other point is that in her day dreaming she fantasizes about how she would like her relationship with Dee to be:"You've no doubt seen those
TV shows where the child who has "made it" is confronted...But that are a mistake. I know even before I wake up." The mother desires to have a
sentimental relationship with Dee is apparent. Moving to Dee's character she appears as a selfish girl in which her actions are controlled by her
id. In the story she always wants to satisfy her desires and doesn't care to the people whom she will hurt while trying to get what she wants. As she
arrives she begins to ask for things and collecting objects that she will show it off to her friends. Here, the desire of wanting something is shown in
her collecting of these things , so she has the desire to back into her original roots because it become fashionable . The mother thinks that she will
never bring her friends over to her house because she is embarrassed by her mother's humble. Surprisingly, she brings her boyfriend; she brings him
only to show off what they have of heritage. Consciously, she believes that she is the better in her family in understanding her past and heritage but
unconsciously, she revealed the opposite. This is shown in changing her name; she doesn't want to be called so because she doesn't want to be named
after someone else thus, she wants to be separated from her past, "I couldn't bear it any longer, being

Psychoanalytical Criticism In The Great Gatsby
F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel, The Great Gatsby, through the use of Psychoanalytical Criticism and New Historicism exposes the feelings of a post–war
America in its main characters and seemingly uncaring society. Psychoanalytical Criticism explains certain human behavior shown in the characters
of this novel: especially Nick Carraway, whose time in the war clearly affected him as he is unable to return to his life after. New Historicism takes
this idea of the trauma of the war affecting lives in it use of desolate imagery and amoral symbolism to connect the seeming total loss of the world
before World War One and the unscrupulous standard of living the 1920s brought into effect. In using these two theories to analyzeThe Great Gatsby
further, it is clear how the effects of World War I affected the lives of all Americans after
–whether one served or not. The trauma endured by Americans
after the war caused a restless, senseless society that Fitzgerald shows through the events of The Great Gatsby that if this was not remedied this would
lead to one's downfall.
In using Psychoanalytical criticism one can clearly see Nick Carraway as suffering some type of PTSD after his time in the war in the beginning
pages of the novel. After returning to civilian life he finds that he no longer finds satisfaction from it: "Instead of being the warm center of the world,
the Middle West now seemed like the ragged edge of the universe–so I decided to go East and learn the bond business." (Fitzgerald 3). This could at
first be seen as just his own growing maturity–wanting more from life as he gets older, even possibly wanting a change but this is a stark contrast to
how he felt when returning home from school. "That's my Middle West– not the wheat or the prairies or the lost Swede towns, but the thrilling
returning trains of my youth, and the street lamps and sleigh bells in the frosty dark and the shadows of holly wreaths thrown by lighted windows on
the snow." (Fitzgerald 176). This change in attitude towards his home seems to come not from maturing after school–but returning home from war.
This inability to maintain a sense of stability or uniformity after experiencing violence and horror from war clearly supports the idea that

A Psychoanalytical Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe 's ' The...
A Psychoanalytical Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe 's Use of Characterization in "The Cask of Amontillado" and "The Tell
–Tale Heart"
The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one–seventh of its bulk above water.
–From Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud 's topography model of the mind explains that a person 's psyche has three levels of consciousness: 1.) the conscious, which holds what
a person is aware of; 2.) the preconscious, which stores thoughts and information; and 3.) the unconscious, which warehouses urges, feelings, and
ideas. Freud compares the mind to an iceberg with 10 percent of a person 's psyche consisting of the conscious mind. This includes thoughts and
perceptions. The next level is 10 to 15 percent, and it is referred to as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shameful experences are driving forces of the unconscious level. As Montresor attempts to cope with the anxiety and pain he has endured due to
Fortunato 's insults, he experiences shame. Outwardly confessing that he has endured insults in the past, Montresor admits: "The thousand injuries of
Fortunato I had borne as I best could" (415). He is ashamed of how many times he has dealt with Fortunato 's abuse, and this shame has overtaken his
mind to the point of him acting out in revenge. Thus, his unconscious mind, where he has stored shameful experiences, has overtaken the other parts
and resulted in violence.
Likewise, in "The Tell–Tale Heart," the narrator 's unconscious level, which warehouses fear, overtakes his rationality in order to cope with the
anxiety he feels about the old man. Fear is a driving force in the unconscious mind, and when fear is allowed to come to the forefront and dictate
one 's behavior, consequences result. The narrator explains that he loves the old man and has no desire for his money; however, he is so repulsed by
the eye that he is fearful. He explains: "Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold" (317). His fear of the eye is so great that he resorts to murder,
thus giving into violent motives

Psychoanalytical Criticism of Mary ShelleyвЂ™s Frankenstein...
Psychoanalytical criticism analyzes motivations, which are the compelling force behind life's myriad of decisions. Mary Shelley inventively evaluates
the incentives which are responsible for propelling the characters of Frankenstein into their fatal downfall; making Frankenstein a prime source for
psychoanalytical study. Shelley's novel follows the work of a promising chemist, VictorFrankenstein, who makes a remarkable discovery that has the
potential to forever alter the scientific study and nature of human life. Ultimately, this science becomes liable for Victor's tragic fate. Previous to Victor's
revolutionary breakthrough, he had begun a process of detaching himself from the rest of humankind; following the completion of his ... Show more
When Victor traveled to Ingolstadt to attend the university, he delved deeper into the sciences, specifically chemistry. Resulting from the profound
involvement, and concentration Victor devoted to his studies, he began to lose contact with family, friends, and later, his professors. Victor labored
arduously over his experiments and "two years passed in this manner, during which I paid no visit to Geneva" (Shelley 55). It became apparent that
Victor's research consumed him; his commitment to science eliminated the opportunity and will for social endeavors, or even communication with his
family. If Victor were to encounter a problematic outcome with his studies, which would soon occur, he would have no prospect of receiving help.
Although the effect of isolation was weighing down on Victor's sanity, he was not the sole recipient of this loneliness. Victor's experiments produced a
monster, and Victor neglected his responsibility as a creator and left his creation to its own devices. The monster suffered from the symptoms of a
solitary lifestyle, similar to the one led by Victor himself. Ultimately, the scientist realizes the hideousness of the result of his experiment and abruptly
abandons the monster. The monster quickly becomes deadly to those surrounding Victor and he realizes he must pursue and destroy his creation.
Victor's health rapidly deteriorated during his pursuit of the

Analysis Of Fortinbras In Hamlet
When a text explores challenging and enduring ideas that many people can relate to, it can become more valued over time and help further societes
understanding of these ideas. These ideas have been expressed through Shakespeare's characters. Shakespeare's characterisation has enabled the
Freudian psychoanalytical theory to be applied to the characters as if they were real people and this is a reason for the text's endurance. The play Hamlet
was written by William Shakespeare and published in the year 1623. However, the play was first performed in England during the year 1601. It
explores many crucial and pertinent ideas relevant to the furthering of society. The desire for revenge is one that many people feel and is a direct
response from the id in Freud's theory. The overwhelming pressure from authoritarian figures can lead to suicidal feelings and this is a result of the
superego. Self–awareness allows one to achieve the desires of the id successfully in society, forming the ego. These enduring ideas explored can create
a text that becomes increasingly more valuable with time and is able to be related to Freud's psychoanalytical theory.
The challenging and enduring idea of revenge is explored through the character Fortinbras in the play Hamlet and this character illustrates the id from
the Freudian psychoanalytical theory. The id is one's basic desire. In the play Hamlet, Fortinbras is the new king of Norway as his father was just
killed by the former king of Denmark,

вЂ Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of...
'Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it.
Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist's approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic.'
Introduction
In this essay I intend to compare and contrast the behaviourist perspective with a psychoanalytical approach to therapy, in relation to the above
statement and will explore their fundamental principles and differences.
Throughout the centuries, different methods and techniques have been developed to help enhance the quality of therapy for people who suffer from
different types of behaviours. Many theories about how and what therapy is and most effective techniques have been sought ... Show more content on
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This was accomplished this by repeatedly pairing the white rat with a loud, frightening clanging noise. He was also able to demonstrate that this fear
could be generalized to other white, furry objects. The ethics of the experiment are often criticized today, especially because the child's fear was never
deconditioned.
The development of 'behaviourism' at this point in history has since been viewed as a reaction to the psychoanalytical models of human development
presented by Freud and the Neo– Freudians, which at the time challenged and confused many and appeared to lack scientific rigour.
The behavioural perspective outlines two processes of conditioning, which are Classical and Operant Conditioning. Classical and operant conditioning
are two important concepts central to behavioural psychology. While both result in learning, the processes are quite different. In order to understand
how each of these behaviour modification techniques can be used, it is also essential to understand how classical conditioning and operant conditioning
differ from one another.
The main differences are shown below:
Classical conditioning:
First described by Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), a Russian physiologist
Involves placing a neutral signal before a reflex

Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviours
In his famous experiment, Ivan

Psychoanalytical Analysis Of Jim Johnson's 1986 Labyrinth
Despite an initial lackluster reception, Jim Henson's 1986 Labyrinth has since achieved a cult following as the story follows the young protagonist's
journey, Sarah, to rescue her baby brother from the Goblin King while also treading through complicated feelings of sexuality and adulthood. The
analytical tools in this class help to catch the nuances of the story as the stepmother, stepdaughter analysis enlightens the initial conflict, the
psychoanalytical approaches make clear the nonsensical maze aspect, and Propp's theory utilized in unison with the feminist approach help audiences
appreciate Sarah's coming of age story imbued with modern values. Understanding the tensions behind the stepmother–stepdaughter relationship is
integral to grasp the movie's true conflict. The characters are almost self–aware of their traditional fairy–tale counterparts... Show more content on
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Despite being unaware of it, Sarah is the one who has the real power in her life. In a way, it is Sarah, who initiates the act of villainy as she is the one
to wish the goblin king would take her brother away. Once in the labyrinth, Sarah meets three main donors, all male, who help her along her journey
until she insists on having the final confrontation with the goblin king alone. Once again, the goblin king tries to influence Sarah to his will until she
recalls the line from the play she had been reciting, "You have no power over me!", liquidating the act of villainy on her own. Finally, the wedding
occurs when Sarah celebrates with her donors after returning home. She is informed if she needs them, they will appear to her, signifying the control
she has over her own life and, although she's growing up, she can still retain their company. The film enforces the idea that individuals have more
control over their lives than they may think and growing up does not signify a total rejection of childhood

Psychoanalytical Criticism
Psychoanalytical criticism is a form of literary critique, which uses some of the techniques of psychoanalysis in the interpretation of literature. Lacanian
critics examine psychoanalytic phases such as the Symbolic and apply this phase while interpreting literary texts. Lacanian critics also associate the
literary work's content to broader Lacanian concepts, such as the Phallic and the Other. The focus of this essay is to apply these psychoanalytical
techniques while interpreting Lady Macbeth's character in William Shakespeare's play Macbeth. However, before I begin my argument, I feel that
Lacan's concepts of psychoanalytical theory need some introduction.
One of the more prevalent psychoanalytical theorists since Freud was Jacques ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When William Shakespeare's dark tragedy Macbeth was written in London in the beginning of the seventeenth century, noble masculine traits included
valor, authority, and undaunted aggression. On the other hand, noble feminine ideals was related to virtue, temperance, and obeying her husband's
desires–the phrase: "yes, my lord" was extremely common in Shakespeare's time while wives spoke with their husbands regarding his desires. In this
sense, men were awarded for their violent actions, as witnessed by Macbeth's reward of the Thane of Cawdor for his bloody actions on the battlefield,
while a woman's behavior must adhere to the strict code of feminine compliance.
However, in Macbeth the cultural standards of appropriate femininity are in complete and utter disarray because of Shakespeare's controversial
character, Lady Macbeth. Scholars have traditionally read Lady Macbeth's "evil" temperament as a form of confirmation of her attempt to seize power
to further her husband's and her political goals. However, I argue that gender roles play a significant role determining Lady Macbeth's dialogue and
actions. I contend that Shakespeare' s Macbeth exposes the intricate dynamics of gender and power through the representation of a merciless Lady
Macbeth who imitates the violent practices of a masculine culture through her rejection of her own desires in favor of the desires of the Other. Alfar
elaborates on the concept of gender roles and performance. She claims:

Psychoanalytical Approach to E. A. PoeвЂ™s вЂњthe Fall of the...
Psychoanalytical Approach to E. A. Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher" The purpose of psychoanalytic criticism is to offer the reader a better
understanding of a literary piece by the analysis and interpretation of certain aspects through psychoanalytical theory. The aim, as is the case with all
critical approaches, is to go beyond the surface structure and into the deep structure of a text, this time through the study of the psyche and by looking
for patterns which are significant and convey meaning. The focus of such an approach is either the author, the intricate mechanisms of his own mind,
which explain how and why the text came into being, or, in some cases, the characters, whose psyches can shed further light on the content.... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The long family line has imprinted its aura onto the house, and in turn, the house conduces the inhabitants towards a predetermined lifestyle. The
Usher family, as the narrator says, despite its age, has always been feeble, because it has never been able to generate an enduring branch. Just as the
family, the house has a sturdy appearance, given by its endurance through time, but it is marked by decay and so are its surroundings: the crumbled
stones, the trees and the spooky tarn all add to the oppressive, uncanny atmosphere. Just as the individual parts which shape the domain are marked
by decomposition, so is each member of the family plagued by some form of disintegration. Roderick suffers from a nervous illness which manifests
itself both in his appearance and his temper. We soon find out that his sister, Madeline, is also wasting away and has an unknown sickness, the
symptoms of which include cataleptic attacks. Soon after, Madeline dies and Roderick entombs her in a vault placed where there once had been a
donjon–keep, with the narrator's willing aid. He is quick to do so and does not take into consideration the fact that she might actually be still alive,
which, as we will find out, is really the case. He has a reasonable explanation for entombing her so quickly, namely that he wishes to spare his sister's
dead body of doctors' scrutiny, I believe that he does it for

Psy/250 Week 2 Psychoanalytical Personality Assessment Essay
Amber Ryan/Stokes June 23, 2012 PSY/250 Michele Montgomery University Of Phoenix
Psychoanalytical Personality Assessment Everybody is unique or special in one form or another and each personality has a theory. For many years
psychologists have based theories upon individuals and I the writer will compare and contrast three well known psychologists Sigmund Freud, Alfred
Alder, and Carl Jung. Sigmund Freud was one of the greatest psychologists in time he Alder and Jung's theories were very similar but then again very
different. Within these theories we will discuss characteristics with which I agree and disagree with, explore the stages of Freud's theory explaining
characteristics of personality using stage components ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Characteristics of personality through Freudian stages are oral, anal, phallic latency and genital. Oral stage is driven to satisfy ones needs of hunger
and thirst. As personality begins to flourish individuals fixated within the oral stage remain corrupted with issues of dependency, attachment, and
substance abuse in some cases. Anal stage is just that, defecation. Many children learn self–control readily while others over learn meaning they find
pleasure in holding their bowels to have some sense of control. While some attempt to regulate in order to sustain freedom of action. Phallic stage is
where sexual energy is fixated on the genitals. One begins analyzing themselves and masturbation and gender identity begins being explored. Oedipus
complex stage is a child's desire of a sexual gratification of the opposite sex of the parental figure. To resolve tis unconscious conflict of fear and erotic
desire within one must characterize themselves with whom they want to be and what they desire. Sigmund Freud believed that little girls had penis
envy. In later days men had higher rank than women. Girls were thought to first have a sexual attachment to their mother which eventually transferred
to the father in hopes to somehow obtain a penis. According to Freud "Classic Theories and Modern

Psychoanalytical Criticism of вЂњa Good Man Is Hard to FindвЂќ
Psychoanalytical Criticism of "A Good Man Is Hard To Find"
A seemingly innocent family vacation can turn into a disaster if the members of the family only care about themselves. In the story "A Good Man Is
Hard To Find" by Flannery O'Connor, a self–absorbed Grandmother, too consumed with her own opinions, fails to address the views, feelings and
overall well being of others. Her family is not much different in their self–interested ways. This leads them straight to the Misfit whose childhood
trauma has caused him to grow up into a damaged individual. The Misfit does not believe in the Grandmother's religious beliefs and she ultimately
cannot reach out and help him. The characters get themselves into a predicament for living in the Id ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"According to Freud, the unconscious [mind] continues to influence our behavior and experience, even though we are unaware of these underlying
influences" (Cherry). So, because of this, he sacrifices humanity to deal with the pain and thinks nothing of it. Another reason for killing his father
could be he was suffering from the Oedipal Complex. The Misfit says, "God never made a finer woman than my mother" (O'Connor). The Oedipal
Complex would refer that the Misfit has, "fallen in love with one parent and developed hatred for the other" (Gill). His desire for his mother drove him
to eliminate his father. Unlike the Grandmother, religion was not a factor for the Misfit. He thought God, "shown everything off balance" (O'Connor).
He believed rationally only what he could sense. O'Connor made this one of the Misfit's greatest faults. To Summarize, the Misfit's experiences and
religious disbelief kept him from being a recognizably "good" person in O'Connor's eyes. Though the family did not turn to violence like the Misfit,
they still had their own set of issues. The other members of the family seem to be embodiments of society's most self–interested and materialistic.
O'Connor illustrates that with each generation of this family, there were no positive role models. Each generation had no effective parent to exhibit the
correct way to function in society. Each generation then was stuck in

Psychology and Human Mind Functions
Psychoanalytic – Freud– Psychoanalytical theory was formulated by Freud based on how the human mind functions. He believed that there were
factors outside of the individual person's awareness (unconscious thoughts, feelings and experiences) that influence their emotions, behaviour and
actions, and that their past experiences, and their future. The Psychoanalytical Theory highlights the importance of the unconscious mental processes
and childhood development issues as they relate to childish impulses, childish wishes, juvenile desires and the anxiety of reality. The Psychoanalytical
Theory is also based on the idea that a person's personality is formed throughout the childhood years, that children go through certain stages at certain...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Psychoanalytical Theory is also based on the idea that a person's personality is formed throughout the childhood years, that children go through
certain stages at certain points of their childhood and depending on how well the child copes with each of these stages, their adult personality will be
affected. This influences current practise as Freud's observations into the link between our unconscious actions and our mind are still seen as beneficial.
Psychoanalytic – Freud– Psychoanalytical theory was formulated by Freud based on how the human mind functions. He believed that there were
factors outside of the individual person's awareness (unconscious thoughts, feelings and experiences) that influence their emotions, behaviour and
actions, and that their past experiences, and their future. The Psychoanalytical Theory highlights the importance of the unconscious mental processes
and childhood development issues as they relate to childish impulses, childish wishes, juvenile desires and the anxiety of reality. The Psychoanalytical
Theory is also based on the idea that a person's personality is formed throughout the childhood years, that children go through certain stages at certain
points of their childhood and depending on how well the child copes with each of these stages, their adult personality will be affected. This influences
current practise as Freud's observations into the link between our unconscious actions and our mind

The Sociological Approach And The Second Being The Non...
Introduction to sociology There are two approaches to studying human behaviour; one is the sociological approach and the second being the
non–sociological approach. An example of a non–sociological approach would be to state that all Muslims are terrorists. This approach simply uses
common sense and stereotypical assumptions/generalisations which have not been tested to be true and most of the time when tested these turn out to
be false. On the other hand there's a sociological approach which is quite the opposite, which would involve primary/secondary research to be carried
out as evidence of the hypothesis. An example of a sociological approach would be to state that children are more likely to commit a crime if their
parents have; then proving it by presenting empirical evidence which is gained through the research carried out. The sociological approach simply
involves making claims with proof. Sociologists say that the human behaviour is influenced through interaction with one another and that we learn the
norms and values of society through this interaction. This is known as the process of socialization. Genie the wild child is proves that the sociologists
have a valid point; she was extremely neglected and didn't have interaction with no–one for 13 years, locked up in a room all alone. Thus, she wasn't
cognitively deficient and her brain was under developed, this meant she didn't understand and couldn't speak. Genie didn't understand what the norms
and value were

Psychoanalytical Analysis of Bram Stoker's 'Dracula'
Carlos Dena
Honors English 11
5/20/13
Critical Analysis on Dracula
With several illicit subjects listed throughout Bram Stoker's Dracula, the book becomes a playground for psychoanalysts. Whether it be to see a
subjects as simple as the conscious take over a character, or a character's surroundings corrupting its victims, Dracula intrigues in more ways than just
its vampiristic features. The following is a psychoanalytic study with a focus on vampirism imitating sexual practice and drug usage today while
shining a light on the complex psychology of characters, and how even the author can influence the course of its story.
Key Principle #1: Human activity is not reducible to conscious intent. The complexity of the human mind has always ... Show more content on
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Here, Harker has fallen victim to the vampire's lustful attraction. This also demonstrates an undertone of eroticism within the story since the three
vampires "get much closer to Jonathan Harker than proper Victorian ladies should" (Pikula 291). Harker also seems to develop signs of paranoia.
An early sign of this paranoia is when Harker accepts the rosary from the old lady at the inn before he continued on with his journey. He did not
know how to react to this, stating in his journal that "as an English churchman, I have been taught to regard such things as in some measure
idolatrous" This shows the opening signs of paranoia, having neurotic ideas. He does not accept that he is the one going against his views, he
instead decides to pin it on the old lady for being so kind in her offer. As he stays in Dracula's castle, Harker begins to feel trapped, as well stated on
page 27. He fights this feeling in many ways. One that stands out though is his method of writing the letters he's allowed to write by Count Dracula.
He keeps them short and concise, for fear that the Count may read them. This demonstrates a fear of being watched, and can also be accounted for as
paranoia.
Key Principle #5: Characters in texts may also have a complex psychology. Another character worth analyzing is Renfield. Curiously enough, Renfield's
Syndrome was a term coined by psychologist Herschel

Psychoanalytical Theory Essays
Psychoanalytical Theory Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was the first person to initiate the thought of psychoanalysis. According to Friedlander (1947),
classical Freudian psychoanalytic explanations of delinquency focus on abnormalities or disturbances in the individual's emotional development from
early childhood. Since then many people have amended his original writings and presently there are numerous versions Freud's original
psychoanalytical theory. Many of these recent versions are similar to the original version with the exception that they are updated to current times. Few
new models are extremely different from Freud's theory. Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (2004) describe the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
86). The psychoanalytical theory focuses on the development of personality, the stages of development and the emotional problems reflecting some
unconscious aspects of one's psychological functioning. Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (2004) base this theory on three principles. First, "The actions
and behavior of an adult are understood in terms of childhood development." Second, "Behavior and unconscious motives are intertwined, and their
interaction must be unraveled if we are to understand criminality." Third, "Criminality is essentially a representation of psychological conflict" (p.
86). Freud believes that criminality has a lot to do with the structural model of the mind. He breaks the mind down into three categories; the Id, Ego,
and the Superego. "The Id is the unconscious seat of irrational, antisocial, and instinctual impulses which must be controlled and shaped for social
adaptation to life in society" (Akers, 1999, p. 50). When newborn babies are born, they have biological drives that are unaffected by society. The Id
can be considered the instructional forces, which focuses around sexual desires or drives. This is now the time when the infant knows nothing but the
pleasure principle and when tension gets high it will only behave according to the

Psychoanalytical Theories That Show How Healthy Development
Christos Vagenas
Azusa Pacific University The stages of development are psychoanalytical theories that show how healthy development in an individual should be from
the age of adolescence to adult–hood as described in the Invitation to the Life Span by Kathleen Berger (Berger, 2010). I interviewed an
eighteen–year–old female who is currently a freshman at a four–year university, the youngest in her family. In addition, I interviewed a man in his early
fifties who has two kids and a wife. This individual owns a business that he started thirty years ago. These interviews and responses coincide and
differentiate in many ways. This portrays a contrast in their developmental stages, while including how their faith has been a key factor in their
development.
Sentence
The eighteen–year–old interviewee comes from a family of five with two older siblings, a mother and father. During the interview, the
eighteen–year–old interviewee stated that she felt that she is more knowledgeable with her life experiences. This relates to the social learning theory
where an individuals behavior and knowledge is emphasized through their observations from birth to adult hood (Berger, 2010). She included that she
enjoys social learning because she is an adult, but she still has time to find out who she is and what she wants to be. However, she still is dependent on
her parents, and living under their roof and finances. Thus, resulting in her not having the full college experience such as

Psychoanalytical Analysis Of Tsotsi
The Effect of one's Past on their Future The film Tsotsi, directed by Gavin Hood, portrays how an individual's childhood and experiences effect the
individual's psychological development in his struggle for redemption. The narrative centers on Tsotsi, whose name when translated, literally means
"thug"– a nickname he has accumulated through his atrocity as gang leader. The opening scene of the film establishes a strong sense of direction for
the story – a glimpse of a person rolling dice is shown, drawing attention to the archetype of the dice representing chance and having no control over
what will happen. This reveals the context that Tsotsi's life is more distinctly influenced by outside forces, rather than his own free will.... Show more
Therefore, Hoods use of outside forces further develops Tsotsi's character. Furthermore, Tsotsi steals a baby in his attempt to steal a car from Pumla. At
this point, the critical question stands: Can a small baby redeem a cold–hearted thug? Clearly, the baby plays a major role in Tsotsi's development as a
dynamic character in his path to redemption. Tsotsi becomes occupied with caring for the baby as his pathway out of his odious life. To
implement a psychological association to Tsotsi's repressed humanity, Hood uses sentimental flashbacks. Tsotsi's involvement with gangs is
explained by Tsotsi's harsh father who restricts him from seeing his ill mother. "You...stay away from your mother" (Hood, 2005). The baby serves
as a representation of what Tsotsi has lost; revealed when he visits the baby's room, and realizes what he has stripped from the baby. As the film
progresses, Tsotsi develops a strong admiration towards Miriam, a female figure that he associates with his own mother, and therefore tells Miriam
that the baby's name is 'David,' the name he himself was given by his own mother. This is also revealed when Boston says, "Everyone has a name. A
real name from him mother" (Hood, 2005). Miriam reveals the Oedipal Complex at work in the film as Tsotsi revives memories of his mother's
affections. The 'decency,' that Boston continuously mentions, is finally revealed to be seen in Tsotsi when he finally hands the baby over to its parents.
However, his

The Psychoanalytical Theories Of O ' Connor 's Work
When applying Sigmoid Freud's Psychoanalytical theories to O'Connor's writings, the motivations of the characters and the symbolic meanings
of events began to be more obvious. Her own personal responses also will be easier to interoperate in her writing. The elements of psychological
strategies closely include human unconscious impulses, desires, and feelings that a person is unaware of but that influence emotions and
behaviors. This is where a reader will be able to understand O'Connor's true meanings of her story and will allow the reader to draw their own
personal feelings from her work of art. Flannery O'Connor's work is wildly known as a southern gothic style. Her work has been reviewed and
criticized by many different scholars. Flannery O'Connor's work normally contains a southern settings and psychologically disturbed characters,
O'Connor's readers have come to expect shocking and grotesque twists, along with an excellent use of foreshadowing. Even though her characters
come off normal, they all have some kind of symbolism or psychological conflicts that are revealed later on. These hints are given in the beginning
of her story but as readers proceed with her stories they start to see her use of foreshadowing. So the readers will connect their selves with her stories
to determine their own meanings and relate them to their own religious beliefs. Many Critics relate her work to her religious background, by tying her
characters and meanings, to her own religious

How Thought Focused Treatment Systems Are Inherently...
Reaction Paper #2
William J. Haynes
ORG 6530
University of the Rockies
September 7, 2015
Introduction
Explain how thought–focused treatment systems are inherently different from psychoanalytical/psychodynamic approaches in treating psychological
dysfunctions.
a. A thought–focused treatment and psychoanalytical /psychodynamic approaches can be examined by comparison; to understand their differences.
One thought–focused treatment is called Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). CBT is a structured, short–term treatment that focuses on a very specific
problem; whereby the counselor "helps" the client understand the relationship of their conscious– thoughts and behaviors to issues they are
experiencing in their life. Typically these "treatments" are 12 sessions in a 6 week period. Psychoanalytical /psychodynamic approaches differ because
the techniques are usually long– term and deal more with how the unconscious mind influences their thoughts and behaviors. Psychodynamic therapy
tries to identify why you feel or behave the way you do, whereas CBT examines how your thoughts and emotions affect your behaviors. Sigmund Freud
believed that our development and cognitive behavior usually began in our childhood which leads to our decision –making processes throughout a
lifetime. Traumatic effects may be hidden in the sub–conscious; and Freud believed these experiences become incorporated in our development,
affecting our personality and emotional health.

The Psychoanalytical Theory Of Psychology
The Psychoanalytical Approach to psychology is arguably the first theory of psychology. The psychoanalytical approach is the study of
unconscious forces and how these affect our behaviour. Freud was the first to challenge the view that mental disorders were not caused by
physical illness. Instead he proposed that psychological factors were responsible. Freud is a key theorist of the psychoanalytical approach. He was
an Austrian neurologist who was fascinated with studying hysteria. Freud began to publish his work at the turn of the century. He was influenced
strongly by three people. French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot, used hypnosis as a method to cure hysteria and other 'mental illnesses'. Another
influence was Josef Breuer who was a colleague of Freud's who also used hypnosis as a method to treat hysterical patients. Another large influence
was William Fleiss, an ear, and throat and nose specialist whose own theories of the link between the nose and the genital influences Freud in his
ideas of displacement upwards of tension towards headaches and other hysterical symptoms. Freud was also influenced by his own childhood
experiences, some of which related directly to his theories. Freud believed that people have three levels of consciousness. The first stage is 'The
Conscious' which is the small amount of mental activity we know about. The second stage is 'The Preconscious' these are the things we could be
aware of if we wanted or tried. These things move

Essay about A Psychoanalytical Look at Jim Burden in My...
A psychoanalytical look at the characters of My Antonia provides a better understanding of action vs. intent of each individual, particularly Jim
Burden. The introduction prepares the reader by laying out a profile of Jim. Without the understanding of the origin of the novel the reader would not
be able to assess the true meaning of the novel nor would they really grasp the concepts and issues that are being discussed through the story itself. So,
with this essay I will bring together the importance of the introduction and how it correlates to Jim's search for a parental role.
Jim Burden is one of the more complex characters that any one reader will ever encounter. His abandonment issues and just his whole ... Show more
He and Antonia, a neighbor girl, enjoy the ecstasy which nature can afford to them. And he develops a profound affection with Antonia. Moreover,
he feels the happiness of being "dissolved into something complete and great" (Cather 14). It shows Jim's intimate relation with nature. However,
seasons change. "When boys and girls are growing up, life can't stand still . . . . They have to grow up, whether they will or no" (Cather 124). So
when Jim is old enough to go to high school, the Burden family moves to a nearby town, Black Hawk. Jim says good–bye to childhood and nature,
but, when Antonia also comes to town as a helper for the Harlings, he still keeps a close relation with Antonia. However, one night in order to protect
Antonia from Wick Cutter's sexual attack, Jim sleeps in Antonia's bed and is attacked by Mr. Cutter. He is frightened and runs away. Having finished
the studies in high school, Jim makes another journey moving from Black Hawk to Lincoln to receive college education.
There not only nature but also Antonia seems to him so far away, but Jim misses them all and awaits a return to her. Before going to Harvard, Jim
goes back to his home town and pays a visit to Antonia. After this brief visit to his country home, Jim goes to Harvard for advanced study and does not
return until about twenty years after. The middle–age Jim goes

Psychoanalytical Lens In Heart Of Darkness
Psychoanalytical lens reveals the range of meanings hidden under the entrancing story. Conrad's novel, Heart of Darkness has many psychoanalytical
interpretations of the complex meanings represented in the text through the use of allegory. The allegorical explanation of human nature avoids the
confronting truth and secretes the true meaning under the surface of the literal story. The use of the abstract noun darkness to describe the inner mind
represents the daunting nature of the subject. Conrad clarifies his purposeful hidden meaning in the foreshadowing of the tale in which he explains,
"The meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale which brought it out only as a glow as a glow brings out a
haze,"

The Psychoanalytical Criticism Of Psychoanalysis And...
Many people today skim through pages of the books but might not actually understand the motivations behind the characters actions. Reading a book
through the perspective of a psychoanalytic can resolve this problem. Although, the reader has to study the term "psychoanalytical criticism" before
actually be able to use it in any story. The Psychoanalytical criticism is used today in literature to help the audience understand human motivation
through either the characters or the author itself. After all the author is the creator and should be considered in the analysis to find what the reader
desires to know about the characters. In Psychoanalysis And Education : Minding A Gap the authors Linden West and Alan Bainbridge provide the
benefits that psychology provides to different people "Psychoanalysis, broadly defined, has encouraged us to delve beneath surface appearances, and to
challenge overly sanitised, emo– tionally deadened, and ultimately unsustainable accounts of learning, to build richer, deeper, whole person
understandings, redolent with vulnerability, but also resilience in "keeping on keeping on", whether as a teacher, young person, or adult learner"(West
and Bainbridge 6). The reader has to read a story several times and the reader should have a basic understanding of psychology. Although it is important
to remember one is analyzing the text with evidence not making assumptions of an illness. When psychoanalysis is used in literature famous theories
arise from

Psychoanalytical Criticism Of Herbert's Dune
Psychoanalytical criticism of Herbert the author of Dune A common reaction of fear for an eighth grader is to panic or freak out. Another reaction
to fear would be to stay cool and give the impression of 'no big deal.' Is your reaction to fear based on your pride? In Frank Herbert's Dune, "fear is the
mind killer (230)," and the characters Paul and Jessica hide their fear so they do not show their vulnerability. Herbert explains in Dune that fear is
something we all should hide in our minds. Sigmund Freud's theory on human behavior sectioned the mind into three parts. The three parts are the Id,
the Ego, and the Superego. The Id is your instinct, the Ego is your reality, and the Superego is your morality. An instinctual reaction to fear

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