it is a very creative slide .it help to make the chapter easy to be understand

1. Human resource
Shashank gupta
VIII – G
Greenfields public school, Dilshad garden

2. Human resources
• People are a nations greatest resource. Nature’s bounty
only becomes significant only when people find it useful.
It is people with their demands and abilities that turn
them into ‘resources’. Hence, HUMAN RESOURCE is the
ultimate resource. Healthy, educated and motivated
people develop resources as per their requirements.
• Human resources like other resources are not equally
distributed over the world.
• They differ in their educational levels, age and sex.
• Their numbers and characteristics also keep changing

3. DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
• The way in which people are spread across
the earth surface is known as THE PATTERN
OF POPULATION DISTRIBUTION.
• More than 90% of the world’s population lives
in about 10% of the land surface.
• The distribution of population in the world is
extremely uneven.

4. Some areas are very crowded and some are
sparely populated –
The crowded areas are –
South and South East Asia, Europe and north
eastern north America.
Sparely populated
People living in high altitude areas, tropical
deserts, high mountains and areas of equatorial
forests

5. WORLD POPULATION BY CONTINENTS

6. SOME FACTS -
• Many more people live north of the Equator
than south of he equator.
• Almost three quarters of the world’s people
live in two continents of Asia and Africa.
• Sixty % of the world’s people stay in just 10
countries. All of them have more than a 100
million people.

7. DENSITY OF POPULATION
• Population density is the number of people
living in a unit area of the earth’s surface.
• It is normally expressed as per square km.
• The average density of population in the whole
world is 45 persons per square km.
• South Central Asia has the highest density of
population followed by East and South East Asia

8. FACTORS EFFECTING
DISTRIBUTIUON OF POPULATION
• GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS –
• Topography –
• People always prefer to live on plains rather
than mountains and plateaus because these are
the areas suitable for farming, manufacturing
and service activities. The Ganga plains are the
most densely populated areas of the world while
mountains like the Andes, Alps and the
Himalayas are sparsely populated.

9. • Climate – People usually avoid extreme
climates that are very hot or very cold like
Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia, Canada
and Antarctica.
• Soil – Fertile soil provide suitable land for
agriculture. Fertile plains such as Ganga and
Brahmaputra in India, Hwang-He, Chang Jiang
in China and the Nile in Egypt are densely
populated

10. • Water – People prefer to live in the
areas where fresh water is easily
available. The river valleys of the world
are densely populated while deserts
have spare population.
• Minerals – Areas with mineral deposits
are more populated. Diamond mines of
South Africa and Discovery of oil in the
middle east lead to settling of people
in these areas.

11. SOCIAL , CULTURE AND
ECONOMIC FACTORS
SOCIAL - Areas of better housing, education and
health facilities are more densely populated e.g.
Pune.
• CULTURAL – Places with religious or cultural
significance attract people. Varanasi, Jerusalem
and Vatican City are some examples
• ECONOMIC – Industrial areas provide
employment opportunities. Large umber of
people are attracted to these areas. Osaka in
Japan and Mumbai in India are two densely
populated areas

12. POPULATION CHANGE
• Population change refers to change in the
number of people during a specific time. The
world population has not been stable.
• The population has increased manifold due to
various reasons – The change in the birth rate
and the death rate Major reasons for the
increase in the birth rate are as follows –
• Better food supplies.
• Better medical facilities

13. • BIRTHS ARE USUALLY MEASURED USING
THE ‘BIRTH RATE i.e. THE NUMBER OF LIVE
BIRTHS PER 1,000 PEOPLE. DEATHS ARE
USUALLY MEASURED USING THE ‘DEATH
RATE’ i.e. THE NUMBER OF DEATHS PER
1,000 PEOPLE
• Births and Deaths are the natural causes of
population change. The difference between
the birth rate and death rate of a country is
called the NATURAL GROWTH RATE.

14. BIRTH RATE IS MORE THAN DEATH RATE

17. MIGRATION
• Migrations is the movement of people in and
out of an area.
• Migration is another way by which population
size changes. People may move within or
between countries.
• EMIGRANT – People who leave a country.
• IMMIGRANTS – People who arrive in a country

18. PATTERNS OF POPULATION CHANGE
• Rates of population growth vary across the
world. Although, the world’s total population is
rising rapidly, not all countries are experiencing
this growth.
• Some countries like Kenya have high population
growth rates. They had both high birth rates and
death rates.
• Now, with improving health care, death rates
have fallen, but birth rates still remain high
leading to high growth rates.

19. POPULATION COMPOSITION
• To understand the role of people as a
Resource we need to know about their
qualities. People vary greatly in their –
• Age.
• Sex.
• Literacy level.
• Health condition.
• Occupation.
• Income level.

20. POPULATION COMPOSITION
• POPULATION COMPOSITION refers to the
structure of population.
• The composition helps us to know
• How many are males or females.
• Which age group they belong to.
• How educated they are.
• What type of occupations they are
employed in.
• What their income levels and health
conditions are.

21. WHAT POPULATION PYRAMID SHOWS
• The total population divided into various age groups,
e.g., 5 to 9 years, 10 to 14 years.
• The percentage of the total population, subdivided
into males and females, in each of those groups.
• How many dependents are there in the country
• There are two groups of dependents –
• a) Young dependents
• b) Elderly dependents

22. • Skilled, spirited and hopeful young people
endowed with a positive outlook are the future of
any nation. We in India are fortunate to have
such a resource. They must be educated and
provided skills and opportunities to become able
and productive.

23. POPULATION PYRAMID INDIA

25. QUESTION AND ANSWERS

26. 1. Answer the following questions.
• (i) Why are people considered a resource?
• Answer
• People are considered a resource because with their
demands and capabilities they can create new
resources.
• Nature’s bounty becomes important only when people
find it and make it useful for them.
• Hence, human resource is also considered an important
and potential resource for the society

27. (ii) What are the causes for the uneven
distribution of population in the world?
• . Answer The distribution of population in the world is
uneven - some areas are very crowded while some are
sparsely populated. There are various reasons behind
uneven distribution:
• → Geographical factors: Favourable topography,
availability of mineral and fresh water resources,
favourable climate and soil fertility are some of the
reasons affecting population distribution e.g., Indo
Gangetic Plains, Diamond Mines of South Africa etc are
densely populated.

28. • → Social and Cultural factors: Areas of better housing,
education and health facilities are more populated. Places
of religious and cultural significance also attract people
e.g., Varanasi, Jerusalem etc.
• → Economic factors: Places having more industries,
transportation and communication facilities provide better
employment opportunities. People are attracted to these
places because of the above reasons e.g., Mumbai, Osaka
etc.

29. (iii) The world population has grown
very rapidly. Why?
• Answer The world population has grown very rapidly because
the death rate has gone down as a result of the growth of
food supplies and the improvement of medical facilities.
Also, unlike the death rate, the birth rate has remained quite
high.

30. iv) Discuss the role of any two factors
influencing population change
• . Answer The birth rate and the death rate are two factors that
influence population change.
• The birth rate is the number of live births per 1000 people while
the death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 people.
• These are the natural causes of population change.
• When the birth rate is higher than the death rate, population
increases.
• When the death rate is more than the birth rate, population
decreases.
• When the two rates are equal, the population remains constant.
• Thus, the birth and death rates affect the balance of population.

31. v) What is meant by population
composition?
• Answer Population composition refers to the structure of the
population. Population composition helps to know the
number of males or female, their age-groups, literacy, their
occupation, their income level and health conditions etc.

32. (vi) What are population pyramids? How do
they help in understanding about the
population of a country?
• Answer The graphical illustration that is used for
studying the population composition of a country is
called population pyramids.
• It shows the present number of males and females in a
country along with their age groups.
• The age-group distribution of population tells us the
number of dependents and the number of economically
active individuals present in the population.