4. Factors affecting growth and
development
.1
Genetic factors
:
(a
Phenotype
:
(b
Characteristic of parents
(c
Race
(d
Sex
(e
Masturation
(f
Genetic disorders
•
Gene mutation
•
Chromosomal abnormality
5. Envioronmental factors
.a
Children of multiple pregnancy
.b
Prenatal period
.c
Post natal period
Nutrition
Infection and infestation
Chemical agents
Trauma
Hormonal factors
8. Periods of growth
Prenatal period
Ovum 0—14 d
Embryo 14d—9w
Fetus 9w—birth
Perinatal 22w of gest.—
7d after birth
Post natal period
New born first 4 weeks
Infancy 1—12 mo
Toddlers 1—3 yrs
Pre school child 3—6yrs
School age child
(boys) 6—10yrs
(girls) 6—12yrs
Adolescence 10—19yrs
9. Assisment of physical growth
Body measurment
Weight
Length
Head circumference
Chest
circumference
Velocity of growth
Velocity of growth=
Initial height – height in
next measurement
Period of time between two
(years)
10. Weight measurement
formulas:
Age kg Lb
1—12mo Age in month+9
2
Age in month+11
1—6yrs Age in yrs x 2+8 Age in yrs x5+17
7—12yrs Age in yrs x7-5
2
Age in yrs x7+5
11. Height
Birth 50
3 mo 60cm
9mo 70cm
1year 75cm
2year 90-95cm
2—12yrs Age in yrs x 6 + 77
15. Primary Dentition
Teeth Age/Month
Lower Incisor (Central) 5-8 mo
Upper Incisor (Central) 6-9 mo
Lateral Incisor 9-12 mo
First Molar 12 mo
Canine 18-12 mo
Second Molar 12-24 mo
16. Permanent Teeth
First Molar 6 yrs
Central & Lateral
Incisor
6-8 yrs
Canine Premolar 9-12 yrs
Second Molars 12 yrs
Third Molars 18 yrs
19. Prone Position
Few Days Head to one side
One Month Chin up at midline
Three Month Left Hand and Upper Part of
Forearms
Six Months His head and Chest
Five to Eight Months Rolling on Bed
Eight Months Crawling on Bed
Ten Months Keeping Abdomen up from
Ground