The topic containig a different types os anxiety disorder and the pharmacotherapy and their mechanism

1. MAHAMMAD SHAKHEEL B
PHARMACOLOGY DEPARTMENT

2.  Anxiety is a tension or apprehension which is a
normal response to certain situation in life.
 When it becomes excessive and
disproportionate to the situation, it becomes
disabling and needs treatment.
 Some psychotic and depressed patient also
exhibit anxiety.

3.  The exact cause of anxiety disorder is
unknown.
 Disorder involving anxiety are the most
common mental disturbances.
 It is becoming clear that many of these
disorders are caused by a combination of
factors, including changes in the brain and
environmental stress.

4.  Symptoms vary depending on the type of anxiety
disorder, but general symptoms include:
 Feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness
 Problems sleeping
 Cold or sweaty hands and/or feet
 Shortness of breath
 Heart palpitation
 An inability to be still and calm
 Dry mouth
 Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
 Nausea
 Muscle tension
 Dizziness

5.  SPECFIC PHOBIA
 SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
 PANNIC DISORDER
 AGROPHOBIA
 GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

6. A specific phobia is an intense fear of a specific object or
situation, such as snakes, heights, or flying.

7. SAD involves overwhelming worry and
self-consciousness about everyday social
situations

9.  People with this condition have feelings of
terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with
no warning.
 Palpitations or rapid heart rate
 Sweating
 Trembling or shaking
 Shortness of breath
 Feeling of choking
 Chest pain or discomfort
 Nausea

10.  People with this condition have feelings of
terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with
no warning.

12.  Marked fear or anxiety for more than 6 months
about two or more of the following 5 situations:
 Using public transportation
 Being in open spaces
 Being in enclosed spaces
 Standing in line or being in a crowd
 Being outside of the home alone

14.  Excessive worry more days than not for at least
6 months about a number of events and they
find it difficult to control the worry.
 3 or more of the following symptoms:
 Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge, easily
fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle
tension, sleep disturbance
 Causes significant distress or impairment

15.  These are the drug which is used to control the
symptoms of anxiety.
 Which produce restful state of mind without
interfering with normal mental or physical
function.
 MEDICATION
 PSYCHOTHERAPY

16.  BENZODIAZEPINES
Diazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Oxazepam
Lorazepam
Alprazolam
 5HT AGONIST-ANTAGONIST
Buspirone
Gepirone
Insapirone

17.  BARBITURATES
Amobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenobarbital

18. Bezodaizepines
Binds specific site on GABA-BZD receptor
Enhances receptor affinity for GABA
Increases frequency of chloride channel opening

19. Increases chloride conductance
Neuronal membrane hyperpolarization
Decreases synaptic transmission
Decreases CNS depression

20. BUSPIRONE
Binds to 5H receptor
Inhibit release of serotonin
Mood elevating action has been noted

21. Barbiturates
Binds to GABA receptor
Facilitates the GABA action
Increases the duration of opening of chloride
channels

22. Membrane hyperpolarization
Reduces CNS depression

23.  Two common forms of psychotherapy utilized
for treatment of anxiety disorder are behavioral
and cognitive therapy
 COGNITIVE THERAPY
The therapist helps the patient to adapt
his or her problematic thought pattern into
those which ate healthier
 BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
The therapist helps the patient to
combat undesirable behaviors which often
come hand in and with anxiety

24.  Text book of Medical pharmacology by K D
TRIPATI, page no. 400-402, 5th edition.
 Text book of Pharmacology by MICHEELLE A
CLARK, RICHARD FINKEL, JOSE A REY and
KAREN WHALEN, page no. 111-113, 5th edition.
 Autism research asd-carc. (2007). Retrieved from
http://www.asdcarc.com/index.php/publisher/a
rticleview/?PHXSESSID=7361595bf597d9853f375f8
38eff96d3&/1/frmArticleID/421/staticId/1253
 Text book of Medical pharmacology by PADMAJA
UDAYKUMAR, page no. 278-279, 4th edition.

25. THANK YOU