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ANALYZING CRITICAL DECISION-BASED PROCESSES 
Abstract 
Decision-based processes are composed of tasks whose application may depend on 
explicit decisions relying on the state of the process environment. In specific domains such as 
healthcare, decision-based processes are often complex and critical in terms of timing and 
resources. The paper presents a variety of tool-supported techniques for analyzing models of 
such processes. The analyses allow a variety of errors to be detected early and incrementally on 
partial models, notably: inadequate decisions resulting from inaccurate or outdated information 
about the environment state; incomplete decisions; non-deterministic task selections; 
unreachable tasks along process paths; and violations of non- functional process requirements 
involving time, resources or costs. The proposed techniques are based on different instantiations 
of the same generic algorithm that propagates decorations iteratively through the process model. 
This algorithm in particular allows event-based models to be automatically decorated with state-based 
invariants. A formal language supporting both event-based and state-based specifications 
is introduced as a process modeling language to enable such analyses. This language mimics the 
informal flowcharts commonly used by process stakeholders. It extends High-Level Message 
Sequence Charts with guards on task-related and environment-related variables. The language 
provides constructs for specifying task compositions, task refinements, decision trees, multi-agent 
communication scenarios, and time and resource constraints. The proposed techniques are 
demonstrated on the incremental building and analysis of a complex model of a rea l protocol for 
cancer therapy.

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