2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
COMPANY PROFILE
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
SOFTWARE
TASKS PERFORMED DURING INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PROJECT
REFLECTION OF WORK
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
Structural Engineering
Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering in which structural engineers are
trained to design the 'bones and muscles' that create the form and shape of manmade structures.
Basics of structural planning and design
Stages in structural design
1. Idealization of the structure into load bearing frames and elements for analysis and design.
2. Estimation of loads.
3. Analysis to determine the maximum moments, thrusts and shears for design.
4. Design of sections and reinforcement arrangements for slabs, beams and columns and walls using
the results.
5. Production of arrangement and detail drawings and bar schedules.
6. Positioning and orientation of columns
7. Positioning of beams
8. Layouts of stairs
9. Selecting proper type of footing
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4. INTRODUCTION
Modelling and analysis
The structure is modeled and analyzed using ETABS (Extended 3D analysis of
building system)
Design standards
The design of the above structure is in accordance with the following latest design
codes:
1. IS: 875-1987 (Part 1) - Dead loads
2. IS: 875-1987 (Part 2) - Live loads
3. IS:456- 2000 - Plain & reinforced concrete – code of practice
4. SP: 16-1980 - Design aid for reinforced concrete to IS 456
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5. COMPANY PROFILE
• NIRVANA CONSULTANTS is a firm engineering consultancy instituted by a group of qualified and
passionate professionals from the field of structural engineering to achieve excellence in structural
engineering design and consultancy.
Consulting Structural & Architectural Engineers
#12, Pantharapalya, Nayandahalli
Post, Mysore Road, Bangalore-560039
Mob: 9901978533
• COMPANY DETAILS:
Name : Nirvana Architects
Services offered : Structural & Architectural Consultancy Services
Infrastructure : 2 Systems, Printer, Blue print machine
Design Software : Autocad, E-Tabs
• COMPANY LEADS:
Mr. Byresh, Structural Engineer
BE (Civil), M.Tech (Structures)
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6. Stages in Structural Design
• Idealization of the structure into load bearing frames and elements for analysis and
design.
• Estimation of loads.
• Analysis to determine the maximum moments, thrusts and shears for design.
• Design of sections and reinforcement arrangements for slabs, beams and columns and
walls using the results from E-TABS.
• Production of arrangement and detail drawings and bar schedules.
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7. Steps Followed in Structural Planning
• Column positions.
Columns should preferably be located at the junction of walls, meeting points of main beams,
manageable spans for beams, etc.
• Beam locations.
Beams shall, normally, be provided under the walls or below concentrated loads.
• Spanning of slabs.
If the aspect ratio ‘Ly / Lx’ is greater than 2, the slab acts as a one-way slab.
If the aspect ratio ‘Ly / Lx’ is less than or equal to 2, then the slab acts as a two-way slab.
• Layout and planning of stairs.
• Type of footing.
structure depending upon the loads from the column, moments, safe bearing capacity of
the soil
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8. ABOUT SOFTWARE
• ETABS [EXTENDED 3D ANALYSIS OF BUILDING SYSTEM] is a stand-alone structural
analysis program with a special purpose feature for structural design and analysis of building
systems.
• ETABS is simple to use and user-friendly and it is unique in its ability to address the full
spectrum of tasks involved in the process of structure analysis and design.
• ETABS is a very suitable package for, Multi-storied building analysis.
• The entire input data may be generated either graphically or by typing simple English
language-based commands.
• It is equipped with the sophisticated algorithms and state of the art graphics, residing in an
extremely user-friendly environment.
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9. TASKS PERFORMED DURING INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
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• WEEK:-1: Studying of IS code books and manual design of Beam, Column and slab.
• WEEK:-2: Studying of IS code books and manual design of Beam, Column and slab.
• WEEK:-3: Beam layout Design using Auto Cad.
• WEEK:-4: Importing the plan in Auto Cad to ETABS and placing Columns Beams and Slabs.
• WEEK:-5: Modelling and Analysis of Commercial buildings using ETABS. Wind Design Load using
IS875 (part-3). Design of Earthquake load using IS1893.
• WEEK:-6: Analysis and Design of Commercial building using ETABS. Wind Design Load using IS875
(part-3). Design of Earthquake load using IS1893.
10. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PROJECTS
• PROJECT NAME : Commercial building for school building
• ARCHITECT : Nirvana Architects
• SITE ADDRESS : Thanisandra Bangalore
• NO OF FLOORS : Ground+2floors
• GRADE OF CONCRETE : M25
• GRADE OF STEEL : Fe 500
• ANALYSIS : Analysis of the structure is done manually and using ETABS
• DESIGN : All structural elements are designed as per IS 456:2000
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14. Loads Application
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LOADS
As an integrated system, the structure must resist and transmit all the effects of
gravity loads acting on it to the foundation and ground below. The various loads to
which a building is subjected to are as follows,
• Dead Load
• Live Load
• Super Dead Load
• Wall Load
• Stair Load
15. Defining In ETABS
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1. Defining Material And Section Properties
2. Defining Frames in ETABS
3. Defining Slabs Sections in ETABS
16. Defining In ETABS
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4. Defining Load Patterns
5. Defining Load Combinations
17. Center Line In ETABS
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18. Assigning In ETABS
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6. Assigning Support Condition
7. Defining and Assigning the Diaphragm
21. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PROJECTS
Running the Analysis and Debugging of Errors and Warnings
1. After the modelling and application of loads, the model was checked for errors and
warnings. Checking the model has to be done until the model is free from errors and
warnings.
2. The errors may be due to intersection of lines, overlapping of lines, areas or points,
meshing etc.
3. All the errors must be corrected before analysing the model.
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22. Bending Moment of the structure
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23. Bending Moment of the structure
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24. Results
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Support Reactions
Checking Reinforcement
25. CONCLUSION
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Column and Beam Reinforcement
Column Details
4 Bars of 20mm
6 Bars of 16mm
Beam Details
At End Section
3 Bars at top of 12mm
2 Bars at bottom of 16mm
At Center Section
2 Bars at top of 12mm
3 Bars at bottom of 16mm
26. CONCLUSION
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Manual Calculations
Grade of concrete=M25
Slab Thickness=200mm
Column size=300X600mm
Height of column=3.6m
Density of concrete=25KN/m3
Beam size = 300X600 mm in X Direction
Beam size = 300X600 mm in Y Direction
Length in Beam X Direction=7.1m
Length in Beam Y Direction=5.1m
Loads on Beam in X Direction=5.4KN/m
Loads on Beam in Y Direction=5.4KN/m
Calculations of Beam:
Beam in X Direction=0.3X0.6X (7.1/2)X25=15.98KN
Beam in X Direction=0.3X0.6X (5.1/2)X25=11.98KN
Loads on Beam in X Direction=3.55X5.4=19.17KN
Loads on Beam in Y Direction=2.55X5.4=13.77KN
Calculation of Column:
Column=0.3X0.6X25X3=13.5KN
Calculation of Slab:
Slab=3.55X2.55X0.15X25=33.95KN
27. CONCLUSION
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• I have found the internship program interesting us it provided me with the necessary skills
required by civil engineers al site and it like. It was an opportunity for me to interact with
different people including professional engineers who at least contributed their guidance in me.
Overall, I would describe my internship as a positive and instructive experience.
• The consulting body directed me towards tough tasks but those with appropriate theoretical
knowledge could have overcome the engineering problems over the course of the internship.
• I gained not only practical but also festival knowledge by perceiving different challenges on
site and pulling when I studied at class into practice.
• At least, if you go on internship with high-class company or institution, you will get acquainted
with the translation of something in books into action.
• I learned what do self-confidence, team playing organizational skills, upgrade of theoretical
knowledge mean to the engineer?
• Once und for all, let me say internship is far more fascinating in many things and complies
with real life situation.
28. REFERENCES
• IS 456:2000, Indian Standard Code for practice of plain and reinforced concrete (Fourth revision), Bureau
of Indian standards.
• IS 875(Part 1), Indian Standard Code for practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures, Part1, Dead Load-Unit weights of building materials and stored materials (Second
revision), Bureau of Indian standards.
• IS 875(Part 2), Indian Standard Code for practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures, Imposed load (Second revision), Bureau of Indian standards.
• IS 875(Part 3), Indian Standard Code for practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures, Wind loads (Second revision), Bureau of Indian standards.
• IS 875(Part 5), Indian Standard Code for practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures, Special loads and combinations-(Second revision), Bureau of Indian standards.
• IS 1893 (Part 1):2002, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures.
• SP 16:1980 Design Aids for reinforced concrete to IS 456, Bureau of Indian standards.
• SP34:1987 Hand Book on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing, Bureau of Indian standards.
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