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1. Gautam Kumar
Reg No. 1BI17CV038
Under the guidance of
Mrs. Archana DP
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
K.R Road, VV Puram
Bangalore – 560004
August 2021
G Sumanth
Reg No. 1BI17CV033
Shaik Saifulla L
Reg No. 1BI18CV434
Abhishek P
Reg No. 1BI17CV002
Study on Strength Development of High Strength Concrete
Containing Marble Dust and Chemical admixture
A project/dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING
by

2. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 2
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 METHODOLOGY
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS
 MIX DESIGN
 CASTING , CURING AND DEMOULDING OF CONCRETE CUBES
 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST ON CUBES
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
CONTENTS

3. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 3
Leaving the waste materials to the environment directly can cause environmental problems. Hence
the reuse of waste material has been emphasized. Partial replacement of cement by varying
percentage of marble dust powder reveals that increased waste marble dust powder ratio result in
increased workability and compressive strengths of the concrete Marble Dust Powder is settled by
sedimentation and then dumped away, which results in environmental contamination, in addition to
forming dust in summer and threatening both agriculture and public wellness. In this research
work, Marble Dust Powder has replaced the (OPC & PPC) cement accordingly in the reach of
0%,10%, 20%, by weight of M-40 grade concrete. Concrete mixtures were developed, tested and
compared in terms of compressive strength to the conventional concrete. The purpose of the
investigation is to analyze the behavior of concrete while replacing the Marble Dust Powder with
Different proportions in concrete.

4. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 4
1. High strength concrete is a type of high performance concrete generally with a specified strength
of 6000 psi (40MPa) or greater.
2. It is generally obtained by maintaining lower w/c or w/b ratio, addition of mineral admixtures,
addition of superplasticizers.
3. The main reasons to use high strength concrete is
i. Reduce the amount of steel
ii. Reduce dead load
iii. Reduce space occupied by columns
iv. Increase rental space
v. To use concrete service at early age

5. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 5
4. when marble powder is substituted as binder with cement the strength will be higher at lower
replacements up to 10%.
5. Marble is a metamorphic rock resulting from the transformation of a pure limestone.
6. Auramix 450 is a high performance superplasticizer intended for applications where high water
reduction and long workability retention are required and it has been developed for use in:
i. Self-compacting concrete
ii. Pumped concrete
iii. Concrete requiring long workability retention
iv. High performance concrete.

6. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 6
1. To study the compressive strength of concrete on 7th and 28th day.
2. To study the rate of increase in strength of concrete.
3. To study the functions of admixtures (minerals, plasticizers)
4. To achieve a concrete mix of strength greater than 40 N/mm².
5. To study the strength of the concrete. which can be increased by using marble dust.
6. As marble powder acts like a pollutant so by partially replacing cement with marble powder there
will be reduction in cement.

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S
L
NAME OF THE
AUTHOR
NAME OF THE
JOURNAL
TITLE RESEARCH FINDINGS
1.
2.
3.
Prof. P.A. Shirulea,
Ataur Rahmanb ,
Rakesh D. Gupta
Saeed Ahmad,
Muhammad Nawaz,
Ayub Elahi
Aalok D. Sakalkale ,
G. D. Dhawale , R. S.
Kedar
International Journal
Of Advanced
Engineering Research
And Studies
Year-2010
Article Online Id:
100030014
Year-2010
Int. Journal of
Engineering Research
and Applications
Year-2008
Partial Replacement
of Cement with
Marble Dust Powder
Effect Of
Superplasticizers On
Workability And
Strength Of Concrete
Experimental Study
on Use of Waste
Marble Dust in
Concrete
The Compressive strength of Cubes are
increased with addition of waste marble
powder up to 10% replacement by weight of
cement and further any addition of waste
marble powder the compressive strength
decreases
Use of Superplasticizer shows increase in the
compressive strength, workability, water
reduction, cement saving requirements of
concretes.
The compressive strength of concrete is
increased with addition of waste marble
powder up to 50% by weight in place of sand
and further any addition of waste marble
powder the compressive strength decreases.

8. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 8
SL
.
NAME OF THE
AUTHOR
NAME OF THE
JOURNAL
TITLE RESEARCH FINDINGS
4. S Poojitha, MKMV
Ratnam and PJD
Anjaneyulu.
International Journal of
Research and Review.
E-ISSN: 2349-9788;
P-ISSN: 2454-2237
Year - 2013
Study on Effect of
Mineral Admixtures
in High Performance
Concrete.
In high strength concrete with a
very low water/binder ratio, hydration stops
within the concrete long before 28 days due
to lack of water or when the partial pressure
of water vapour within the pores has
reached the 80% limit below which
hydration is slowed down very significantly.
5. Nima Farzadnia,
Abang Abdullah
Abang Ali and
Ramazan Demirboga.
International Journal of
Sustainable
Construction
Engineering &
Technology.
Vol 2, Issue 1
Year – 2011
Incorporation of
Mineral Admixtures
in Sustainable High
Performance
Concrete.
Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is another admixture,
conducted a study on the physical, chemical
and mineralogical characteristics of SSA and
the evaluation of its use in cement-based
materials. The results convinced that the mortar
demands significant high water usage due to its
irregular grains having a high specific surface
area.

9. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 9
• The Compressive strength of Cubes are increased with addition of waste marble powder up to 10%
replacement by weight of cement and further any addition of waste marble powder the compressive
strength decreases.
• Use of Superplasticizer shows increase in the compressive strength, workability, water reduction,
cement saving requirements of concrete.
• The compressive strength of concrete is increased with addition of waste marble powder up to 50% by
weight in place of sand and further any addition of waste marble powder the compressive strength
decreases.

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High Strength
concrete
Low water binder
ratio
(0.30-0.45)
Proper mix for
minimum voids
Use of Plasticizer
Rich mix with
addition of mineral
binder

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1. EXPERIMENT NO: 01
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FINE AGGREGATE
RESULT:
The Specific gravity of given sample of fine aggregate G = 2.66
COMMENT:
• As per IS 2386 part-3 (1963), The specific gravity of fine aggregate (sand) is considered to be around
2.5 to 2.7
• Therefore, the obtained value of specific gravity of fine aggregate 2.66 is within limits hence safe.

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2. EXPERIMENT NO: 02
FINENESS MODULUS & GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF FINE AGGREGATE
RESULT:
The fineness modulus of given sample of fine aggregate :3.326
COMMENT:
• As per IS 383-1970 The fineness modulus of fine aggregate is considered
to be around 2.0 to 3.5
• The given sample of fineness modulus of fine aggregate 3.326 is with
in limits hence safe and good for construction.

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3. EXPERIMENT NO: 03
SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE
RESULT:
specific gravity of the given sample of Coarse aggregate G = 2.71
Water Absorption = 1.3%
COMMENT:
• As per IS 2386 part-3 (1963), the specific gravity of coarse aggregate is defined as the ratio of the
weight of a given volume of aggregates to the weight of equal volume of water. The specific gravity of
coarse aggregate is considered to be around 2.5 to 3 and the water absorption value ranges from 0.1 to
about 2.0 percent for aggregate
• Therefore, the obtained value of specific gravity and water absorption of coarse aggregate 2.71 and
1.3% is with in limits hence safe.

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4. EXPERIMENT NO: 04
FINENESS MODULUS OF COARSE AGGREGATE
RESULT:
The fineness modulus of given sample of coarse aggregate :7.42
COMMENT:
• As per IS 383-1970 specification for coarse aggregate from natural
surface is considered to be around 5.5 to 8
• The given sample of coarse aggregate is 7.42, is with in limits hence
safe and good for construction.

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5. EXPERIMENT NO: 05
COARSE AGGREGATE IMPACT TEST
RESULT:
Aggregate impact value = 24.0 %
COMMENT:
• As per IS: 2386 part-3 (1963), the aggregate impact value of coarse aggregates is shown in the above
table no.1, which classification is suitable for there aggregate percentage.
• Therefore, the obtained aggregate impact value is 24%, so it is suitable for satisfactory for road
surfacing.

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6. EXPERIMENT NO: 6
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT
RESULT:
The Specific gravity of a cement G = 3.17
COMMENT:
• As per IS 2720 part-3 (1980), The specific gravity of cement should be 3.15g/cc to 3.19g/cc. If the
cement is exposed to extreme moisture content due to bad weather conditions, then the specific gravity
of cement may go up to 3.19.
• Therefore, the obtained value of specific gravity of cement 3.17 is within limits hence safe.

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7. EXPERIMENT NO: 07
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF MARBLE DUST
RESULT:
The Specific gravity of a marble dust = 3.052
COMMENT:
• As per the observations the specific gravity of marble dust’s must be in between 2.87 to 3.16
• Therefore, the obtained value of specific gravity of marble dust 3.052 is within limits hence safe.

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8. EXPERIMENT NO: 08
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF AURAMIX 450
RESULT:
The Specific gravity of a Auramix 450 = 1.09
COMMENT:
• As per company research paper of Frosc we have taken the specific gravity of auramix as 1.09

19. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 19
MIX DESIGN
Target strength : M40
Type of cement – OPC 53 grade confirming to IS 456:2000
Type of mineral admixture : Marble dust
Maximum nominal size of coarse aggregate : 20mm
Minimum cement content : 300kg/m3
Workability : 75mm slump
Maximum water cement ratio : 0.50
Type of exposure condition : Moderate
Chemical admixture : Aura mix 450
Characteristic compressive strength at 28 day : _____

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Target strength for mix proportioning
f’ck = fck + 1.65 S
Where,
f’ck = Target average compressive strength at 28 days,
fck = Characteristic compressive strength at 28 days,
S= Standard deviation from Table 1 standard deviation, s = 5 N/mm2,
Therefore, target strength = 40 + 1.65 x 5 = 48.25 N/mm2
Selection of water cement ratio : from Table 5 of IS:456-2000
Maximum water cement ratio = 0.50 Hence ok
Selection of water content :
From Table-2 of IS:456-2000
Maximum water content = 186 litres (for 25mm – 50mm slump range and for 20 mm aggregates)

21. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 21
Calculation of cement content :
Water-cement ratio = 0.5
Cement content = maximum water content / water-cement ratio = 186 / 0.5 = 372 kg/m3 > 300 kg/m3
Hence Ok.
Proportion of volume of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate:
Fine aggregate = Zone I
Coarse aggregate = 20mm (down size) W/C = 0.5
For every decrease of 0.05 w/c, CA raised by 0.01 for 0.5 w/c
Volume of coarse aggregate = 0.6+0.01 = 0.61
Volume of fine aggregate= 1-0.61 = 0.39

22. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 22
Mix calculations :
The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows:
a. Volume of concrete = 1 m3
b. Volume of cement = (Mass of cement / Specific gravity of cement) x (1/1000) = 372/3.17 x 1/1000 =
0.117m3
c. Volume of water = (Mass of water/specific gravity of water) x (1/1000) = 186/1 x 1/1000 = 0.186m3
d. Volume of all in aggregates = [a-(b+c)] = [1-(0.117+0.186)] = = 0.697 m3
e. Mass of coarse aggregate = d x Volume of coarse aggregate x Specific gravity of coarse aggregate x 1000 =
0.697 x 0.610 x 2.71 x 1000 = 1130.95 kg
f. Mass of fine aggregate = d x Volume of fine aggregate x Specific gravity of fine aggregate x 1000 =0.697 x
0.39 x 2.66 x 1000 = 723.06 kg

23. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 23
g. Mix proportion / m3 cement = 372 kg/m3
h. Water = 186 kg/m3
i. Fine aggregate = 723.06 kg/m3
j. Coarse aggregate = 1130.95 kg/m3
k. Water – cement ratio = 0.5
Final mix proportion
Cement : Fine Aggregate : Coarse Aggregate: Water
372 kg/m3 723.06 kg/m3 1130.95 kg/m3
1 1.94 3.04
Ratio = 1: 1.94 : 3.04

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Ratio = 1: 1.88 : 2.86
a. Quantity of materials required for cube
Volume of cube = (0.15 X 0.15 X 0.15) = 0.00337 m3
Mass of concrete = Density X Volume
= 2400 X 0.00337= 8.1 kg
Add 20% extra dry material = 8.1 X 1.2 = 9.72 kg
b. For Normal concrete
Amount of cement = 1/5.74 x 9.72 = 1.693 kg
Amount of fine aggregate =1.94/5.74 x 9.72 = 3.285 kg
Amount of coarse aggregate = 3.04/5.74 x 9.72 = 5.146 kg
Water content = 0.5 X 1.693 = 0.846 litres = 846ml

25. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 25
c. For 10 % replacement
MDP = 10/100 x 1.693 = 169.3 gm
Cement = 1.693 – 0.169 = 1.524 kg
Fine aggregate = 3.285 kg
Coarse aggregate = 5.146 kg
Water content = 846ml
d. For 20 % replacement
MDP = 20/100 x 1.693 = 338.6 gm
Cement = 1.693 – 0.338 = 1.355 kg
Fine aggregate = 3.285 kg
Coarse aggregate = 5.146 kg
Water content = 846ml

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Mixing of concrete Mixing of concrete with replacement of MD
Hand Mixing :
Specimens with Replacement of Marble Dust Powder :
Placing of concrete in mould

27. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 28
Sample of concrete moulds after curing with respective replacement of MD
Curing Tank

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PARAMETERS TO BE EVALUATED :
The cubes of size 150mm ×150mm ×150mm and cylinders of size 100mm dia and 200mm height are casted
and specified tests are carried out at 7th day and 28 day for casted specimens to check the strength parameters.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE:
Compressive strength is the ability of material or structure to carry the loads on its surface without any crack or
deflection. A material under compression tends to reduce the size, while in tension, size elongates.
Compressive strength Testing Machine
Calculations of Compressive Strength
Size of the cube =150 mm x150 mm x150 mm
Area of the specimen (calculated from the mean size of
the specimen) =22500 mm2 Compressive strength =
(Load in N/ Area in mm2) in N/mm2

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Testing M40 Mix in Digital Compression Testing Machine
testing of mould in compressive testing machine Failure of normal concrete cube

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Failure of cube replaced by 20% of MD Failure of cube replaced by 10% of MD

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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST RESULTS
SL NO Marble dust
%
specimen 7 days strength
(N/mm2)
28Days Strength
(N/mm2)
1. 0% cube 31.62 46.51
2. 10% cube 34.59 49.81
3. 20% cube 28.07 40.32
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Series 1 Series 2
10% MDP 20% MDP
Series 1 : 7days compressive strength results
Series 2 : 28days compressive strength results
0% MDP
Compressive
strength
(N/mm2)

32. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 33
C
Compressive strength test results:
Compressive strength test is done as Per IS 516-1959. The test is conducted on Compression testing
machine of capacity 2000 KN. Mechanical behavior of concrete was studied for M40 grade of cubes
were casted and cured for 7 and 28days. Compressive strength of concrete is tested on cube at
different percentage of Marble dust powder content in concrete. The strength of concrete has been
tested on cube at 7 days curing and 28 days. And the results obtained are reported in table 1 & also
shown in graph 1. With replacement of marble dust powder in % age, in concrete 7 days test has been
conducted to check the gain in initial strength of concrete & 28 days test gives the data of final
strength of concrete at 28 days curing. Compression testing machine is used for testing the
compressive strength test on concrete.

33. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 34
1. The Compressive strength of Concrete increases up to 10% replacement of cement by marble dust
powder and further increasing of percentage of marble dust powder leads to decrease in compressive
strength of concrete.
2. It is concluded that the marble dust powder can be used as a replacement material of cement, and
10% replacement of cement with marble dust powder gives an excellent result in strength, as
compared to the normal concrete.
3. Use of these waste material leads to sustainable development in construction industry.
4. To save the environment, marble dust powder may be used as better partial substitute as a
replacement of cement in concrete.

34. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 35
1. Effect of mineral admixtures on characteristics of high strength concrete - Ashfi Rahman, Harjinder Singh
(2014).
2. Study on Effect of Mineral Admixtures in High Performance Concrete - S Poojitha, MKMV Ratnam and
PJD Anjaneyulu. (2013).
3. Incorporation of Mineral Admixtures In Sustainable High Performance Concrete - Nima Farzadnia, Abang
Abdullah Abang Ali and Ramazan Demirboga. (2011).
4. Experimental Study On Use Of Waste Marble Dust In Concrete - Aalok D. Sakalkale, G. D. Dhawale , R.
S. Kedar.
5. Effect Of Superplasticizers On Workability And Strength Of Concrete - Saeed Ahmad Muhammad Nawaz,
Ayub Elahi.
6. Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust Powder Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble
Dust Powder - Prof. P.A. Shirulea, Ataur Rahmanb , Rakesh D. Gupta
7. The code book of IS 2386 part-3 and part-4 (1963).
8. The code book of IS IS 383-1970.
9. Concrete Technology text book.

35. Department of civil engineering Bangalore institute of technology 36
THANK YOU