Reported Speech, Discorso indiretto schemi di grammatica

1. Discorso indiretto
DISCORSO
INDIRETTO
DISCORSO
DIRETTO
Julia am readingsaid to Sarah: now“I
Julia told Sarah that she was reading then
cambia
il verbo
che introduce
il discorso
cambia
il pronome
personale
cambia
il tempo
del verbo
cambia
l’avverbio
di tempo /luogo

2. Discorso indiretto:
cambiamenti nei tempi verbali
DISCORSO DIRETTO DISCORSO INDIRETTO
Present simple
Lucy said: "I like watching documentaries.”
Past simple
Lucy said she liked watching documentaries.
Present continuous
George said: "I am thinking about moving"
Past continuous
George said he was thinking about moving.
Present perfect
She said: "I have just seen Paul.”
Past perfect
She said she had just seen Paul.
Present perfect continuous
He said: "I have been dating Paula
for two weeks.”
Past perfect continuous
He said he had been dating Paula
for two weeks.
Past simple
He said: "I met her yesterday”
Past perfect
He said he had met her the day before.
Past continuous
They said: "We were studying French."
Past perfect continuous
They said they had been studying French.

3. Discorso indiretto:
cambiamenti nei tempi verbali
DISCORSO DIRETTO DISCORSO INDIRETTO
Future (will)
Nick said: " I will help you."
Conditional (would)
Nick said he would help me.
Future continuous
Paul and Liz declared: "We will be
announcing our engagement soon."
Would + be + -ing form
Paul and Liz declared they would be
announcing their engagement soon.
Imperative
The teacher said: “Keep silent, please!”
Infinitive
The teacher said to keep silent.
If-clause 1st type
He said: “If you call me, I’ll tell you
everything.”
If-clause 2nd type
He said that if I called him, he would tell me
everything.

4. Discorso indiretto:
cambiamenti nei verbi modali
DISCORSO DIRETTO DISCORSO INDIRETTO
Can
Martha said: “I can drive.”
Could
Martha said that she could drive.
May
Dad said: “I may be late for dinner.”
Might
Dad said he might be late for dinner.
Must
He said: “I must go home at once.”
He said: “I must start next week.”
He said: “You must wait.”
Had to / Would have to / Was to
He said he had to go at once.
He said he would have to start the following week.
He said I was to wait.
Shall
He asked: “When shall we leave?”
Should
He asked when they should leave.
Will
He said: “I’ll do that for you.”
Would
He said he would do that for me.
Needn’t
He said: “I needn’t tell you.”
Didn’t have to
He said he didn’t have to tell me.

5. Discorso indiretto:
altri cambiamenti
DISCORSO DIRETTO DISCORSO INDIRETTO
Pronomi
They said, “We have bought a house” They said (that) they had bought a house.)
Aggettivi possessivi
She said, “My son is very tall” She said (that) her son was very tall
This/these
He said, “I saw this man driving a car”
That/those
He said that he had seen that man driving a car
Last week/month/year
Yesterday The day before
Next week/next month/next year The following week/month/year
the previous week/month/year
the week/month/ year before
Today / now That day / then
Here there

6. Discorso indiretto e domande
• La frase indiretta è introdotta con ask=chiedere; il verbo segue il soggetto
He said, «Where is my book?» He asked me where my book was.
• N.B.: Se la domanda diretta non ha un avverbio interrogativo, cioè prevede la yes/no answer,
nella frase indiretta si usa if/whether
Does she live in London? They asked me if she lived in London

7. Discorso indiretto
1. Leggi le frasi, evidenzia le forme verbali e completa la tabella sui cambiamenti nei tempi verbali.
1. The weather is nice He said that the weather was nice
2. We don’t like sushi. They said they didn’t like sushi.
3. I’m not going out this afternoon. She said she was not going out that afternoon.
4. We’ve watched a documentary. She said they had watched a documentary.
5. I met Alison yesterday. He said he had met Alison the day before.
6. You can borrow my bike. She said I could borrow her bike.
7. I’ll marry her. He said he would marry her.
8. I can’t drive. She said she couldn’t drive.
9. Please open the window! He told me to open the window.
10. Don’t say anything! He told me not to say anything.
VISUALIZZA LE SOLUZIONI
DISCORSO DIRETTO DISCORSO INDIRETTO
Present simple Past simple
Present continuous
Present perfect
Past simple
Will
Can
Imperative

8. Discorso indiretto
1. Leggi le frasi, evidenzia le forme verbali e completa la tabella sui cambiamenti nei tempi verbali.
1. The weather is nice He said that the weather was nice
2. We don’t like sushi. They said they didn’t like sushi.
3. I’m not going out this afternoon. She said she was not going out that afternoon.
4. We’ve watched a documentary. She said they had watched a documentary.
5. I met Alison yesterday. He said he had met Alison the day before.
6. You can borrow my bike. She said I could borrow her bike.
7. I’ll marry her. He said he would marry her.
8. I can’t drive. She said she couldn’t drive.
9. Please open the window! He told me to open the window.
10. Don’t say anything! He told me not to say anything.
DISCORSO DIRETTO DISCORSO INDIRETTO
Present simple Past simple
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Past simple Past perfect
Will Would
Can Could
Imperative Infinitive

9. Discorso indiretto
2. Leggi le frasi ed evidenzia gli elementi che cambiano nel passaggio dal discorso diretto
al discorso indiretto.
1. The weather is nice He said that the weather was nice
2. We don’t like sushi. They said they didn’t like sushi.
3. I’m not going out this afternoon. She said she was not going out that afternoon.
4. We’ve watched a documentary. She said they had watched a documentary.
5. I met Alison yesterday. He said he had met Alison the day before.
6. You can borrow my bike. She said I could borrow her bike.
7. I’ll marry her. He said he would marry her.
8. I can’t drive. She said she couldn’t drive.
9. Please open the window! He told me to open the window.
10. Don’t say anything! He told me not to say anything.
3. Abbina le domande della colonna di sinistra al loro equivalente nella colonna di destra. Poi completa
le regole scegliendo l’alternativa corretta.
1. Who is that woman? He wanted to know if I was there on holiday.
2. Where do you live? She asked me if I smoked.
3. What are you reading? He asked me who that woman was.
4. Do you smoke? She wanted to know where I lived.
5. Are you here on holiday? She asked what I was reading.
VISUALIZZA LE SOLUZIONI
Le Wh- questions mantengono /
cambiano la parola interrogativa
anche nella forma indiretta. Le yes /
no questions sono introdotte da if /
un pronome interrogativo nella
forma indiretta.

10. Discorso indiretto
2. Rileggi le frasi ed evidenzia gli elementi che cambiano nel passaggio dal discorso diretto
al discorso indiretto.
1. The weather is nice He said that the weather was nice
2. We don’t like sushi. They said they didn’t like sushi.
3. I’m not going out this afternoon. She said she was not going out that afternoon.
4. We’ve watched a documentary. She said they had watched a documentary.
5. I met Alison yesterday. He said he had met Alison the day before.
6. You can borrow my bike. She said I could borrow her bike.
7. I’ll marry her. He said he would marry her.
8. I can’t drive. She said she couldn’t drive.
9. Please open the window! He told me to open the window.
10. Don’t say anything! He told me not to say anything.
3. Abbina le domande della colonna di sinistra al loro equivalente nella colonna di destra. Poi completa
le regole scegliendo l’alternativa corretta.
1. Who is that woman? He wanted to know if I was there on holiday.
2. Where do you live? She asked me if I smoked.
3. What are you reading? He asked me who that woman was.
4. Do you smoke? She wanted to know where I lived.
5. Are you here on holiday? She asked what I was reading.
Le Wh- questions mantengono /
cambiano la parola interrogativa
anche nella forma indiretta. Le yes /
no questions sono introdotte da if /
un pronome interrogativo nella
forma indiretta.