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哈佛法學院的情緒談判課
2021.06.28
Shared By Hank Lee
(References: Unsplash)
情緒?
References: Unsplash
https://unsplash.com/photos/NPmR0RblyhQ
https://unsplash.com/photos/-UVPQ6FpBAA
https://unsplash.com/photos/oTweoxMKdkA
如何處理情緒?
不要有情緒
忽視它、不理它
面對你的情緒
五大核心欲念
五大核心欲念
賞識
親合感
地位
角色
自主權
賞識
理解他人,也讓別人理解你
從他人的想法、感受或行動中發現優點,也
讓對方從你的想法、感受或行動中發現你的
優點
向對方傳達你所理解的優點,也幫助他人聆
聽你的訊息
親合感
結構性聯繫:群體、團體所衍生出的連結
個人聯繫:私人聯繫
理智來審核事物的能力
問問自己內心真實的想法
建立親合感
避免被親合感左右
自主權
給予對方自主權
控制自己自主權的範圍
把相關人士也納入決策的過程
角色
認清自己的角色
賦予對方角色
配合場景選擇角色
地位
認清自己的地位
認可對方的地位
術業有專攻
只是生活在這個世界上,情緒隨時都會來找你,
唯有知道如何面對情緒、做好面對情緒的充足準
備,才能把情緒變成自己談判中最好的武器

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Editor's Notes

  1. 『你認為要怎麼解釋情緒是什麼?』 可能每個人心中都有一個答案,對我來說情緒就是一個感覺、一個不知道什麼時候就會突然冒出頭吸引了我絕大部分注意力的未知物 但這本書也沒有給出一個明確的答案 雖說如此,情緒卻可以分為`正面情緒`及`負面情緒`,正面情緒帶給人們雀躍快樂的感覺,彷彿就算當下面對再怎麼困難的事物都可以迎刃而解;反之,負面情緒只會讓我們感到憤怒、苦惱、厭惡的感受,在美好的事物在其當下都會令人感到厭煩 本書基本上圍繞在在於談判上的情緒,若是能在談判過程中營造出正面情緒,無疑是對談判會有好的發展,反之亦然
  2. 如何處理情緒可能是一直備受情緒困擾的人們渴望知道答案的問題,過去我們詢問別人『當情緒來了怎麼辦?』,可能收到的答案會是: 1. **不要有情緒**:無論是感性還是理性的人,只要是人,情緒隨時都有可能出現在我們的心裡,這是不受控的因素。 2. **忽視它、不理它**:這看起來好像是可行的辦法,然而,當情緒真的來臨時,又有多少人可以自制力強到可以自主選擇忽略情緒。 3. **面對你的情緒**:這個答案看起來最為理性,似乎最有可能解決情緒帶給人們的困擾,但是有時情緒是雙方都有的,在同一個時間點,同時要面對自己的情緒,還有對方的情緒,談何容易? 上面的三個答案基本上都是『無效』的處理方法,基於此,書中提出:`其實你可以不必理會變化多端的情緒,而是將注意力轉向會引發諸多情緒的五大核心欲念`,言下之意,就是不要讓自己被情緒所淹沒,而是要去探索情緒產生背後真正的原因,理解情緒到來的緣由,進而控制情緒,甚至操控情緒,將負面情緒轉為正面情緒,最終造成好的後續行為,取得皆大歡喜的結果。
  3. 人人都期望受到別人的讚賞,賞識可以說是一個非常有效的萬靈丹 賞識別人和讓別人賞識自己是一樣的,都可以透過這三點來做到 嘴巴上講的內容不能等同於內心真正所想,明明是相同的一句話,背後可能代表了數種不同的含義,如果沒有辦法聽懂`弦外之音`,那你就沒辦法真正理解對方的想法,反之,為了避免別人不理解你的想法,試著透過去迎合對方聆聽的方式,因為每個人舒適接受資訊的習慣可能有所不同,用對方聽得懂的方式和方法來使他能理解你 如:美國救護車上的ambulance就是反著印在車身上,原因是因為這樣其他車子內的駕駛透過鏡子看到的字樣就會是正的 如果你們雙方的觀點有所衝突,可以試著從對方的思維或是行動來試著找出優點,當你發現了對方的優點,往往能比較輕易的賞識對方;反之,試著幫助對方在你身上看到優點,可以透過能**引起對方共鳴**的方式引導對方從你的想法、感受或行動來發現你的優點 最重要的事情莫過於這一點,假如前兩點都做到了,卻沒有當面向對方說出來,那一切等於白搭,真誠認真地表達自己的感受和理解,讓對方得以感受到自己的想法、思維和行動被別人認可;
  4. 1. **結構性聯繫**:此聯繫屬於一個群體、團體所衍生出的連結,同一個團體的人往往會`自動`產生新合感,因此,如果能在談判前針對對方做一些調查,盡可能從中找出與自身有聯繫的可能,在談判開始之前,可以`主動且真誠`地簡單聊聊這些聯繫,親合感就從中誕生。 2. **個人聯繫**:有別於結構性聯繫屬於比較公開的資訊,個人聯繫則是偏向私人聯繫,私人聯繫的建立其實不難,帶著一顆真誠的心與人`面對面`進行交流,不要單純透過email、電話、訊息來談論正事,往往事半功倍,畢竟見面三分情,而且文字是沒有溫度的;此外,透過`請求對方給予建議`也是建立個人聯繫的一個方式,透過適度地請教對方一些自身比較私人的問題,會滿足核心欲念第一、二、四、五點(賞識、親合感、角色、地位),藉此拉近彼此之間的距離。或許有些人會覺得跟別人聊私人話題很奇怪也沒必要,但凡事都有一個衡量的方式,每個人只需要找出自己心中的那把尺,跟著自己的意願去做就好了。 當面對別人似乎想利用親合感還影響你的判斷時,讓自己保持用`理智來審核事物的能力`,或許對方會想要打鐵趁熱,試圖逼迫你當下做出決定,但是你仍然可以保持自身立場,堅決且誠懇地告知對方自己需要點時間做決定;另外一個方式就是先`問問自己內心真實的想法`,原因在書中說得非常清楚:『**因為當你與對方的情感越發接近,當你要採取某個行動(或是認可某個想法)時,越可能不是根據你內心的情緒反應,而是揣摩對方可能產生的感受所做出的回應。**』,所以做任何決定之前,先讓自己冷靜下來,問問自己到底需要的是什麼、內心對於這件事情真正的想法是什麼,進而避免被對方所附加的情緒影響自己下決定。
  5. 適度地`給予對方自主權`,同時`控制自己自主權的範圍`,不要侵犯他人自主權,就可以避免對方產生負面情緒,也有可能因此產生了對談判有利的正面情緒。可能會有人誤以為自己沒有決定權,就是沒有自主權,但其實兩者並不相等,或許並沒有決定權,但是仍可以針對在討論的事物提出建議,提出想法也是自主權的實踐之一;在實踐自主權的同時,也需要特別注意自主權的『範圍』在哪裡,做好自己權限內的事,在以不越矩的前提下回覆對方的請求,能夠避免因為自己自主權的無限過張而侵犯的對方的自主權,引發了對談判不利的負面情緒。 還有一點,當我們擁有決定權時,往往很容易會忽略了把相關人士也納入決策的過程當中,想想在你身上是否發生過明明這件事跟你有關,但你卻是被告知最後決定的人,彷彿你就是只能聽命行事,絲毫不受尊重,此時的你是否會負面情緒滿滿;有鑑於此,當我們自己擁有決定權的時候,也必須避免相關人士因為這個決定而產生負面情緒,至少事先徵詢他們的意見和想法,或許很多事情沒辦法讓『每個人』一一地提出建議,但也可以從中找出『代表』(如公司的員工代表)來表達出多數人的建議,營造一個相關人士有參與其中的環境,來避免負面情緒成為產生決定下的副產品。
  6. 生活中,在面對不同的人事物時,就會有不同的角色,一個男人可能在公司是主管,在妻子面前是個丈夫,在兒女面前是個父親,在父母面前是兒子,每個角色背後所具備的思維都是不同的,如果把『主管』的思維帶入夫妻之間,那妻子可能就會有強烈的負面情緒,因為她不是你的員工,憑什麼要處處都聽話,因此認清自己的角色對於情緒也是至關重要。同時,賦予對方角色也是很重要,正如同角色的錯亂會引發負面情緒,正確的角色自然能帶來正面情緒。
  7. 人往往會因為以為自己地位高高在上而忽略了真正關鍵的資訊或消息,反之,也會因為認為自己地位不如人而把一些重要的話或資訊往肚子裡面吞,這些其實都把發展導向了不好的結局 1. 對自己:認清自己在某件事中的地位,在某件事情上可能對方更有經驗,那自然對方的社會地位就會比自己高一些,但也不用因此感到自卑,因為地位是可以改變的,如果想要讓自己的地位提升,自己必須對這件事情做出相對應的努力,努力被別人看見,自己也慢慢累積實力,久而久之,地位會自己水漲船高,不需要還刻意針對自己的地位進行大外宣。 2. 對他人:很簡單,就是給予、認可對方『期望』被看到的地位,從別人的話語及一舉一動中發現他希望你看到他是『什麼地位』,適度地給予他所期望的地位,以禮相待,一但對方覺得自己被尊重了,自然就有正面情緒了。 最後就是`術業有專攻`,每個人的專業不同,最好不要在他人的專業上否定了他的地位,這樣無非是對人的一種不尊重,此時產生的負面情緒對你沒有絲毫的幫助,反之,透過認可他人的地位,或許激發出了正面情緒後,你可以從中知道更多原先對方不願意說的秘辛或是技巧(因為心情好了)。