Free landscape on mass screening & testing technologies

A PatBnB & Gridlogics initiative 1
1
2020
Mass Screening &
Testing for Covid-19
Non-invasive Technologies
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06/01/2020

State of Art Non-Invasive COVID-19 Mass Screening &Testing Technologies 2
A PatBnB & Gridlogics initiative 2
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A PatBnB & Gridlogics initiative | ©Bots ‘N Brains, 2020
Preface
Covid-19 is now in phase 3 -the community spread phase and infected patients symptomatic as well
as a symptomatic increasing at an exponential phase. The current options for the tests are limited,
lengthy, costly and controlled only by a few pharmaceutical companies. Above all the daily testing
capacity has a limitation with the number keeping on increasing or masses trying to opting for these
tests as a precautionary measure.
In India, the number of cumulative people tested per thousand people is 1.821, which is much less
as compared to even countries like Iceland where the cumulative testing per thousand males is
about 168.75. Thus, we need to elevate our screening procedures so as to identify the individuals
who are affected with COVID-19. ]2]
The key to this challenge is to detect the COVID-19 cases using Mass Screening or Testing
Innovations. In this context there is need to have a high scale production system in place. While
engineering firms could consider switching some manufacturing to help ramp production of state of
art equipment’s and technologies, it will still take longer to manufacture. Thus, we are looking for an
existing, proven technology that can be rapidly adapted to be built in locally or at large scale.
Current accepted testing solution includes RT-PCR tests to identify the patients who have acquired
COVID-19 but it has scalability and cost issues. Hence, we need some innovative solution which can
be scaled to large masses.
This report highlights about several Mass Screening and Testing Innovations all round the world. It
mentions several technologies that existed even before this COVID era but are finding vast variety of
applications now along with a variety of emerging technologies that could be worthy enough to
tackle the issues that we are facing.

Introduction
The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis of our time and the
greatest challenge we have faced since World War II. Since its emergence in China late last
year, the virus has spread to every continent except Antarctica. Cases are rising daily all the
affected countries and forced them to go into lockdown which has impacted the economies
of each country and it is taking all the countries back to 5-7 years back. Hence COVID-19 is
much more than a health crisis. By stressing every one of the countries it touches, it has
created a devastating social, economic and political crisis that will leave deep scars. COVID-
19 is a highly contagious SARs-CoV-2 coronavirus that is rapidly spreading through both our
most vulnerable and healthy populations. SARs-CoV-2 challenges existing healthcare
sanitization protocols for medical equipment, patient rooms, and assisted living facilities.
The rapid spread of COVID-19 is also causing significant stress on our national supply and
availability of PPE for our healthcare workers.[3]
The novel coronavirus has four stages of transmission:
Stage 1 means that the virus makes a first appearance as people have a travel history, with
everyone contained, their sources traced, and no local spread from those affected. The
number of those infected would be quite low at this stage.
Stage 2 is local transmission, when those who were infected and have a travel history
spread the virus to close friends or family.
Stage 3 is where community transmission starts and the infections happen in public and a
source for the virus cannot be traced. At this stage, large geographical lockdowns become
important as random members of the community start developing the disease.
Stage 4 is when the disease actually becomes an epidemic in a country, will many cases and
which cannot be controlled.
How Does it spread?
The COVID-19 virus is transmitted by either respiratory or contact. Respiratory droplets are
generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Hence any person who is in close
contact with someone who has respiratory symptoms (sneezing, coughing) can get exposed
to Corona Virus .It is present in the form of Droplets which may also land on the surfaces
where the virus could remain active and thus, the immediate environment of an infected
individual can serve as a source of transmission (contact transmission). Approximately

2−10% of cases of confirmed COVID-19 disease present with diarrhea, 24 and two studies
detected COVID-19 viral RNA fragments in the faecal matter of COVID-19 patients. [5,6]
However, only one study has cultured the COVID-19 virus from a single stool specimen. [7]
There have been no reports of faecal−oral transmission of the COVID-19 virus.
Virus Inactivation is the process of making virus inactive such that it does not spread. By
using polycarbonate membranes without pores for sandwiching, the influence of
temperature alone on virus inactivation could be measured. Thermophilic fermentation at
60 degrees C and at 65 kPa pressure led to a bacteriophage f2 titer reduction of 3.5 log10
units per h, whereas during thermophilic digestion at 54.5 degrees C titers decreased 1.2
log10 units per h. During mesophilic digestion, an inactivation rate of only 0.04 log10 units
per h was observed. Under these latter conditions, the temperature had only a minor effect
(19%) on virus inactivation, whereas at 54.5 degrees C during thermophilic digestion heat
accounted for 32% of the total inactivation, and during thermophilic fermentation at 60
degrees C temperature and pressure were 100% responsible for virus denaturation
Hence sanitation and virus disinfection are very important to stop the spread of the virus
and to keep oneself away from this virus and be safe. Since we are in contact with various
things such as mobiles, buses, trains, etc. It becomes really important that such places and
things are sanitized so that they are safe and people are not affected by it.
Signs & Symptoms
The symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus.[4]

How Covid-19 is impacting functionality of Internal Body Organs?
The lungs are nothing but ground zero for these viruses. Any tissues that can get affected
include arteries of the heart and blood, kidneys, intestines, and brain. The virus enters the
cells by binding thereon to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 or ACE2 receptors.
These are responsible for the exchange of oxygen between blood vessels and lungs. Those
alveoli are rich in receptors for ACE2. The immune system conducts an all-out battle against
the virus, as the virus reaches these cells. It interferes with oxygen delivery which makes it
impossible to breathe, followed by cough.
After lungs the organ that gets damaged is the heart. The disruption extends to the blood
that is responsible for blood clots. If it fails, blood flow can be limited to the brain. The
infection can also lead to constriction of the blood vessel, causing organs to receive reduced
blood supply. Therefore, the virus affecting the blood vessels may be one explanation why
blood pressure and diabetes patients are at greater risk.
Kidneys are vulnerable to the virus too. This may be attributed to insufficient flow of blood
to the kidneys or pre-existing diabetes causing fatal injury. Some patients have psychiatric
disorders, too. It could be seizure-like symptoms, strokes, and sometimes even brain stem
reflex depression which is responsible for sensing hunger for oxygen.
https://youtu.be/j4Xiow30bGo

Current Testing
& Screening
Solutions

Available Testing Solutions
At present based on current evidence, WHO recommends the use of these
point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests only in research settings:
A. Real time RT-PCR Test
The COVID-19 RT-PCR Test is a polymerase reverse transcription chain in real-time reaction
test (rRT -PCR). It uses three primers and probe sets in a single-plex configuration to detect
three regions of the SARSCoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) gene, and one primers and probes set to
detect human RNase P(RP) in a clinical sample and two primers and probe sets to detect
two regions in the SARS-CoV-2 N gene and one primer and probe set to detect RP when
multiplexed into one single reaction.
https://youtu.be/Vd38iS_W7ww
RNA isolated from respiratory upper and lower specimens (For obvious reasons, swabs
nasal, nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal, sputum, lower respiratory tract Aspirates,
bronchoalveolar lavage, and wash / aspirate nasopharyngeal or nasal aspirate) is transcribed
in reverse to cDNA and then amplified using Modified Biosystems Instrument with
QuantStudio7 Flex (QS7). The probe anneals to a specific target sequence, located between
the forward and reverse primers, during the amplification process. The 5 'nuclease activity
of Taq polymerase degrades the bound probe during the extension phase of the PCR cycle,
causing the reporter dye to separate from the quencher dye, thus generating a fluorescent
signal. At each PCR step the fluorescence intensity is tracked by QS7.[5]

B. Rapid diagnostic tests based on antigen detection
One type of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) detects the presence of viral proteins (antigens)
expressed by the COVID-19 virus in a sample from the respiratory tract of a person. If the
target antigen is present in sufficient concentrations in the sample, it will bind to the specific
antibodies fixed to a paper strip enclosed in a plastic casing and generate a visually
detectable signal, typically within 30 min. The antigen(s) detected are expressed only when
the virus is actively replicating; therefore, such tests are best used to identify acute or early
infection. [6]
The sensitivity of these tests varies from 34% to 80%. Based on this information, half or
more of COVID-19 patients might be missed by such tests. Additionally, false positive results
i.e. tests showing a person showing a person negative when he is not, could occur [7]
C. Rapid diagnostic tests based on host antibody detection
This test detects the antibodies in the blood of people believed to have been infected with
COVID-19. Antibodies are usually produced over days to 2 weeks after infection with the
virus. [8]
However, these Rapid Diagnostic tests and conventional RT-PCR tests are not recommended
by the by Ministry of health and family welfare. Only real time RT-PCR is recommended to
be used. [9]
https://youtu.be/yW26iBBwn7A

But Are We Testing Enough?
The global tally of Covid-19 positive cases now stands at over 5.1 million and the number of
fatalities is about 329,903 (As of 21st
may 2020) [10] with countries upscaling their testing
capabilities to stem a surge in coronavirus infections, more than 72 million tests across the
globe so far. India has conducted around 2.5 million tests, according to ICMR data. And the
country’s tally for positive cases stands at 112,442 – implying 4.47 % tests yielded positive
results for coronavirus. The US, by comparison, has conducted 12 million tests and is seen as
one of the largest of those throwing up positive results. [11] Thus, for a country like India,
which is 2nd
largest populous in the world, we therefore need to accelerate our testing to
control the hype of the coronavirus cases.
Available Mass Screening Solution
Currently for mass screening for any potential Covid-19 patient is totally based on manual
temperature check using contactless thermometer. This screening method is used at railway
stations, Airport, residential apartments and crowded places. However, this is one of the
most tedious and inefficient process when we consider screening people for long time or at
large scale specially when you can’t control their movement path or time.

Currently
Known
Solutions!
Future Covid-19
Mass Screening
Technologies

Mass Screening Solutions
Although there are multiple companies and startups building products based
on similar technologies, we have picked up few of the representative
samples to provide fair insights on the state of the art currently being tried
for Covid-19 Mass screening purpose.
To explore full landscape on patent, competitive products, regulation or
clinical trials around any specific technology, drug or product category, feel
free to contact futureis@patbnb.com
A. IOT based Glasses
The IoT strategies, especially in the health sector, can be categorized into remote patient
surveillance, remote health management and control, sensor-based hand-washing systems
and immersive RFID surveillance that deliver best assessment, improved diagnosis and
successful patient care.
The product of the screening process will be seen on the glass panel which involves the
observed face and the temperature of the caught body. The recorded face and temperature
are stored in the report, too. As a shared data from the used device, the health officer will
view the screening test. As for the elevated body temperature observed, the health officer
will be informed by a warning that is sent to the glasses screen. [32]
B. KC Smart Helmet
The smart helmet can detect people with a fever
up to five meters away, sounding an alarm when
anyone with high temperatures comes close. It
features an infrared temperature detector, an
augmented reality visor, a camera that can read
QR codes, plus WIFI so that it can beam data to
the nearest hospital.

https://youtu.be/6gJUQx7IDwc
The helmet has 9 modes [13]:
1. Single-person temperature measurement mode
2. Large Crowd temperature measurement mode
3. QR code mode
4. QR code and temperature measurement mode
5. License plate recognition mode
6. License plate recognition and temperature measurement mode
7. Thermographic diagnostic imaging mode
8. Night-vision/Facility inspection mode
9. Face recognition mode
IOT Based Smart Helmet Structure
The smart helmet is
generally integrated
into three segments.
The system's first
segment involves the
mechanism's input
source, which consists
of the thermal camera,
optical camera, and
mobile app. The
development of a
processor was the
second portion of device development. The microcontroller processor was designed into
this section using the Arduino IDE program to perform source code coding. The software
enables compilation of the necessary commands and source code into the NODEMCU V2
processor. Meanwhile, the third segment of the system focused on the output source for
the mechanism. The development of a processor was the second portion of device
development. The microcontroller processor was designed into this section using the
Arduino IDE program to perform source code coding. [30]

https://youtu.be/6gJUQx7IDwc
C. Speeder Thermal Mass Fever Screening System
Speeder’s infra-red mass
fever screening device is an
automatic method for
identifying and monitoring
High fever individuals based
on their skin temperature.
The program activates an
automated alarm when a
person with elevated skin
temperature, suggestive
fever, is observed. This
machine is one of the most
supplicated and accurate
systems on the market and provides everything that you need for fast set up. The screening
system is capable of scanning large groups up to 500 individuals per min and allows for
contactless fever screening. [14]
D. Contactless COVID Fever Screening
NIRAMAI developed an AI-enabled system for the automated identification of the
respiratory symptoms of Fever and COVID19. It is geared at allowing automatic screening of
groups of people to identify probable COVID19 infected people by testing for fever plus
related respiratory diseases. This solution uses NIRAMAI 's novel ThermalytixTM
(Artificial
Intelligence Algorithms over Thermal images). The solution is deployed in offices and in
public places. At the entrance to a building is a High-Resolution Thermal Camera mount.
Application-based NIRAMAI Computer Vision analyzes live thermal streams to recognize the
face, eyebrows, nose and other core elements that could indicate COVID symptoms. Facial
Temperature and breathing movements of all persons coming into a building are measured
remotely. [16]
The formulation comes in two forms:
Single Person Test (SP): This affordable solution uses a low-resolution thermal imager,
requiring people to walk one-by-one, stand 5 seconds in front of the thermal sensor and
move forward. The program periodically checks facial temperature and produces a list of all
scanned persons and daytime statistics.

https://youtu.be/CIDAl6MWlx0
https://youtu.be/NnesflYxY8U
Multi Individual Passive Test (MP): This is a passive test where the entrance and departure
of people to a building is detected through a high-resolution thermal sensing device. Many
individuals will come in at the same time and it automatically tests everyone's
temperatures. In this style, there is no disruption to people's flow or operation.
E. AIMBOT
LORABOTS (Locality Robot
Application System) is a suite
of highly customisable
enterprise-robots with AI,
facial recognition, thermal
scanning, teleconferencing,
person-to-robot & robot-
robot communication
capabilities that is designed
to enter homes, healthcare
centres, offices, hotels, retail
stores, hotels and many more at an affordable. There are two genres of LORABOTS that LDR
have brought into Singapore: one is an award winning personal-assistant robot from Israel
named Temi (which won the the Best of Mobile World Congress 2018 in Barcelona and the
Best CES Asia Award 2019 in Shanghai).

https://youtu.be/AOGknJRDz9o
F. Fever Alert Imaging System
It is an early warning system to screen people in
real time. The system quickly and accurately
detects elevated body temperatures in an image
and alerts in both audible and visual alarms when
the predefined threshold is exceeded indicating
possible fever in humans.
It takes less than a second to take a temperature
reading thus there are no delay processing people
past the system. [15]
G. Infrared sensor amplification techniques for thermal imaging
IR sensor amplification techniques are provided for thermal imaging devices e.g. Fluke PRO
Series Infrared Cameras, which in some cases provide a gain transfer function with at least
two different gain regions. One thermal imaging camera includes an IR camera module,
processing circuitry and
an amplifier stage which
includes a continuous
gain function including
at least two different
gain regions. In some
situations, a thermal
imager is fitted with
saturation circuitry
designed to minimize
the amplifier stage gain
in order to include
within the continuous
gain feature one of at
least two separate gain regions. Amplification methods in some cases include a continuous
gain function that involves both linear and nonlinear gain regions. [22]
In Fluke PRO Series Infrared Cameras, you get clear, accurate focus on objects near and far
with MultiSharp™ focus, or focus with laser speed and accuracy on your designated target
with LaserSharp® Auto Focus. Easily navigate the menu and view images on a 3.5 inch, 640 x
480 touchscreen. Get more from your camera with an optional 2x or 4x telephoto or wide

https://youtu.be/aq4KL7pC8HM
angle smart lens– no calibration required. The new cameras provide a leading-edge visual
infrared experience by offering improved features such as:
 17% greater thermal sensitivity
 smarter user interface
 higher resolution for greater accuracy
 sharper on-screen images
 increased temperature range
 compatibility with 4 lenses
H. FLIR Thermovision A20M
It is an affordable and accurate infrared imaging and temperature measurement camera
used in industrial process monitoring, product verifications and security applications. The
temperature variations which are otherwise un-detectable are stand out clearly in a thermal
image. The uncooled microbolometer FPA detector technology is able to detect
temperature variations as small as 0.120
C. [27]

https://youtu.be/bESwerHQnVI
https://youtu.be/MabYf9o_2dE
I. FevIR Scan Fever Screening System
FevIR Scan Fever Screening System is a
system for measuring the skin
temperature for mass screening of high
pedestrian areas such as airports, train
stations, factories and other public places.
On-screen and audible alerts identify one
or more individuals with visible
temperature tracking in a large crowd
situation, helping to quickly detect and
maintain the flow of the pedestrians.[12]
J. Pandemic Drone
The UniSA team led by Defence Chair of Sensor Systems, Professor JavaanChahl, is working
closely with the company to immediately start integrating commercial, medical and
government customers.
Fitted with a specialised sensor and computer vision system, the drone will be able to
monitor temperature, heart and respiratory rates, as well as detect people who are
coughing and sneezing in crowds. [31]
The pandemic drone will be equipped with a sensor and computer vision system that can
monitor temperature, heart and respiratory rates, as well to detect people sneezing and
coughing in crowds

Future Covid-19
Mass Testing
Technologies

https://youtu.be/HlIdUTl2xug
Mass Scale Testing Solutions
Although there are multiple companies and startups building products based
on similar technologies, we have picked up few of the representative
samples to provide fair insights on the state of the art currently being tried
for Covid-19 Mass testing purpose.
To explore full landscape on patent, competitive products, regulation or
clinical trials around any specific technology, drug or product category, feel
free to contact futureis@patbnb.com
A. AirTouch Portable X Ray System
AiRTouch is said to be a simple and effective frontline tool designed to capture x-rays of the
chest for Covid-19 disease diagnosis. Aspenstate claims the AiRTouch device has a unique
list of capabilities to help combat the Covid-19 disease. Aspenstate has confirmed that it has
obtained FDA approval for the
AiRTouch, a lightweight
portable X-ray device that
could be especially useful for
obtaining COVID-19 patients'
chest X-rays rapidly. The
portable tool weighs in at 5.5
pounds (2.5 kg) and resembles
a large, touch-screen video
camera. With the push of a
button, AiRTouch acquires
images and can transmit them
wirelessly to PACS (clinical
image storage system), without needing a computer. Its battery charges in just two hours,
capturing up to 300 exposures per charge. According to the firm, its portability has already
made it useful in South Korea 's drive-through screening centers. [17]

https://youtu.be/lN9KyPqa6yU
B. Terahertz Imaging and AI based Tools
A team of researchers is working on developing an artificial intelligence-based terahertz
radiation (t-ray) scanning unit to address the limitation of infrared thermal scanner in
accurate and early detection of coronavirus patients. T-ray thermography could be a
promising option for early identification and safe surveillance of COVID-19 patients against
thermal infrared scanners and CT imaging. The fundamental science underlying t-ray
biomedical diagnosis relies on the distribution of water content in cells and biomolecules
and may be used to scan body organs such as lungs for the diagnosis of respiratory
infections. [18]
The researchers — Moumita Mukherjee associate dean, Adamas University (Calcutta), and
formerly associated with DRDO center, and Dinesh Bhatia, associate professor, biomedical
engineering department of the North Eastern Hill University (Nehu), Shillong — and their
collaborative research group are currently working on the scanning unit.
The fundamental physics behind the biomedical diagnosis with t-ray depends on the
distribution of water content in cell and biomolecules, which could be employed for
screening of body organs such as lungs for diagnosing respiratory infections.
According to Bhatia, the application of a terahertz imaging tool in such investigations has
not yet been employed by any research group. Further, thermal screening or infrared-based
devices have major limitations in accurately identifying asymptomatic individuals carrying
the virus and such cases go undetected.

https://youtu.be/pv24_19CVT4
C. MITRA Robot
In a bid to protect the healthcare workers and intensify the screening process, Fortis
Hospital, Bannerghatta Road has introduced Mitra robot for COVID-19 screening. The
initiative has been taken to screen each and every visitor including doctors, nurses, medical
and non-medical staffs entering the hospital.
The robot interacts using
facial and speech
recognition contextual
help and autonomous
navigation and screens the
visitor for symptoms for
COVID-19 i.e fever, cough
and cold. This initiative will
allow healthcare workers
to remain at a safe
distance from the highly
infectious coronavirus. The
robotic screening is carried
out in 2 phases. If the
individual's temperature is normal without any signs of cough and cold, the robot would
print an entry pass which mentions screening results as they pass along with the person's
name and image. [19]
D. AI powered Intelligent Evaluation System for Chest CT by Yitu
The system uses smart diagnosis and quantitative evaluation of COVID-19 CT images
through industry-leading image algorithms, and grades the severity of various local lesion
pneumonia diseases, diffuse lesions, and the involvement of the whole lung.
Additionally, it accurately quantifies the disease's cumulative pneumonia load through
quantitative and omics analysis of key image features such as lesion morphology, range, and
density. The system can also render a dynamic 4D contrast of the entire lung lesions on CT,
assisting in the clinical judgment of the condition, evaluating the effectiveness, and
forecasting the prognosis. [20]

https://news.cgtn.com/news/3341444e7a5
14464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/index.h
tml
SHI LEI Vice President of
Healthcare, Yitu Technology "This
system has 3 major features. It can
quickly evaluate and diagnose the
scan result, show precise
detection of infections severity,
and offer comparisons of
treatment options. This will save
doctors more time so that they
can take better care of patients."
[43]
E. AI Based Voice Tool to detect Covid-19
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based tool developed by students and a professor from Mumbai,
which they claim can test Covid-19 through voice-based diagnosis using a smartphone. The
team includes bioinformatics students —Rashmi Chakraborty, Priyanka Chauhan and Priya
Garg. [21, 44]
 The method has previously checked on 300 people and has measured 98 percent
accuracy in Covid-19 cases.
 The method is based on an interface, on a voice-activated evaluation. Coronavirus can
be identified from the sound of the voice.
 The tool breaks down the voice in multiple parameters such as frequency and noise
distortion as someone speaks to the microphone on the app.
 These values are then compared with the values of a normal person, and then the
patented technique determines whether or not the patient is positive.
 Every human voice has 6,300 parameters and only a few units, less than a dozen,
characterize individuals in a particular way. The human ear is not capable of
distinguishing them apart from colds, but artificial intelligence does.
 Each of the internal organs of a person is sort of a resonator, and whether someone has
a lung or heart problem, it will be expressed in his / her voice.
“While several foreign universities are trying to launch a voice-based AI tool for COVID-19
detection, this Indian tool is fully functional and currently in use in Italy to identify COVID-19
patients. The students have a full-fledged working software with a rich database of patients
and healthy samples. This tool is being currently used by the University of Rome to detect
COVID-19 patients with 98% accuracy,” professor Santosh Bothe, who supervised the
project, told PTI.

https://youtu.be/hcyJKXhhW6Q
F. VUNO Med-LungQuant
VUNO Med-LungQuant reads lung CT images in one minute and provides the COVID-19
distribution and volume data to medical personnel. In addition, a user interface is
implemented to provide the medical staff with visualized lesion data and standardized
reports to determine the condition and progress of the patient in one look.
VUNO Med-LungQuant is a quantification solution developed for quantitative lung disease
analysis in the chest CT. Notably, the solution can detect and quantify ground glass opacity,
GGO, reticular opacity and consolidation, which are the main findings in Corona's 19
patients with pneumonia CT. [23]
I. Portable Saliva Test
This technology was earlier developed to detect Zika virus. But currently it is being
converted to work with Covid-19. The sensor about the size of a quarter works with a cell
phone and claims to detect COVID-19 in mere 60 sec. The sensor will use single-strand DNA,
which, if present, will bind to the proteins in the COVID-19 virus molecule. [29]. Additionally,
the Food and Drug Administration had earlier authorized saliva test to diagnose COVID-19
infections.

https://youtu.be/svBJsSz_Shc
Usually, saliva samples allow patients to
spit into a tube making them much less
invasive than COVID-19 's new methods of
gathering nose and throat swab. The saliva
check will also reduce the need for
personal protective equipment to be used
for health care monitoring and retain
personal protective equipment for use. [24]
J. EasyCOV: Covid-19 salivary rapid molecular test
EasyCOV is a saliva-based procedure that can be used in situ, in less than an hour, by
colorimetric readings. The check is carried out by a health care provider and requires less
than 1ml of selection of the saliva below the patient's tongue. The sample isdeposited in
two tubes heated to 65° using a nomadic device the colorimetric reading screens the
patients tested for virus presence. [25]
Features:
1. Easy to use – No lab required
2. Results within 1 hour
3. Easy to interpret: Colour change [26]
This new coronavirus screening test
should be in the market in 2020. It
promises to be simple and quick, and
carried out by salivary sampling. It was
developed by a French consortium.
Christophe Carniel, CEO of Vogo, who
designed the digital device for this test
and Alexandra Prieux Lejeune, CEO of
SkillCell, who develops these diagnostic
field tests, speak on RT France.

K. CONVAT
European photonics scientists are developing an ultrasensitive laser sensor that detects
coronavirus at the earliest point of infection from a saliva or nasal swab in minutes.
The detector operates
by looking at the
'binding' of the
coronavirus molecules
to the surface of the
sensor-generating a
different signal when
there is a virus. The
CONVAT team is using
a Nano-Interferometric Biosensor, the most flexible, label-free detection technology
available in today's world for molecular recognition. Given that the bioreceptors on the
surface of the sensor are specifically 'tuned' to a particular virus antigen, only the
coronavirus molecules are captured along the sensor. The CONVAT nanosensor is capable of
detecting RNA strands which will fully identify the new coronavirus.
Light travelling in the sensor generates an evanescent field of few nanometres over the
sensor surface. Here, receptors (like antibodies or DNA strands) can recognise the antigens
of the virus capsid, when a respiratory fluid sample passes through. This recognition event
produces a change in the refractive index, causing the light to slightly change its direction of
travel. This change can be measured and determined precisely against a set of existing
values – and could give an instant diagnosis for coronavirus expected at the picomolar to
attomolar (pM–aM) range without any need amplification. [48]
With the ability to diagnose in real-time with high specificity from a low
concentration sample, the sensor is much more reliable than the coronavirus
rapid-test, ‘finger-prick’ kit which detects if a person has had the coronavirus
before and has since recovered.

https://vimeo.com/420985167
L. LOOP Mediated Isothermal Application (RT-LAMP)
It is a program and procedure for non-invasive diagnostic imaging, detection and diagnosis
of substances by microwave / RF manipulation of x-rays and treatment applications of
diseases characterized by the presence of abnormal macromolecules or the need for natural
tissue regeneration [33]. The test is said to have an accuracy of about 89.9% which is much
higher than the method currently used.
M. AL AIN-019 (Instant laser-based DPI Technology)
Laser-based DPI [Diffractive Phase Interferometry] technique, based on optical-phase
modulation, can give an infection signature in a matter of seconds. It is easy-to-use, non-
invasive, and low-cost.[35]

N. BioButton
The BioButton is a coin-sized, disposable medical device which measures for a remarkable
90-day continuous temperature and other vital signs. BioIntelliSense provides medical data
services that allow the early detection of adverse trends via its proprietary biosensor
technology and advanced analytics at a fraction of the cost of spot temperature
measurements or conventional remote patients. The new BioMobile self-monitoring
smartphone app, in combination, includes a consent-based survey tool for daily symptom
checks and the business dashboard monitoring.[37]
O. SmellTracker
An early symptom of Coronavirus is loss of smell. Smell tracker is an algorithm that charts
smell perception using 5 household items. This may help detect an early sign of COVID. The
smell test takes about 5 min and is able to monitor sudden changes in odor perception that
may be an early indication of COVID-19 onset. There are also claims that the new tool has
already successfully identified potential coronavirus cases, which were later confirmed.[38]
The olfactory fingerprint of the person in the middle remains consistent, even after 30 days(right) but very different from that of another
person(left)
Did you know?
Olfactory loss was not commonly reported in the city of Wuhan, China, where the
first coronavirus outbreak took hold. Nevertheless, preliminary studies conducted in
several countries, including Israel and Iran, show that this symptom appears in about
60% of patients.

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