3. Exercises
42.1 Combine the two sentences into one sentence using 'so', 'so that' or
'because'. More than one answer is possible in some sentences
1 I didn't phone you. It was very late.
I didn’t phone you because it was very late.
2 I turned up the radio in the lounge. I could hear it in the kitchen.
________________________________________________________
I turned up the radio in the lounge so (that) I could hear it in the kitchen.
3 The restaurant was full. We went to the bar next door.
________________________________________________________
The restaurant was full, so we went to the bar next door.
4 I stayed at home. I was expecting a phone call.
________________________________________________________
I stayed at home because I was expecting a phone call.
5 It's a very large city. You have to use public transport a lot.
It's a very large city, so you have to use public transport a lot.
________________________________________________________
6 I learned to drive. My mother didn't have to take me everywhere.
I learned to drive so (that) my mother didn't have to take me everywhere.
________________________________________________________
4. 42.2 Rewrite these sentences using 'because of'. Make any changes that
are necessary.
1 He couldn't play because his arm was broken.
He couldn’t play because of his broken arm.
2 She got the job because her qualifications are excellent.
She got the job because of her excellent qualifications.
_______________________________________________
3 The weather was terrible, so we couldn't eat outside.
_______________________________________________
We couldn't eat outside because of the terrible weather.
4 She didn't go to school because she had a bad cold.
_______________________________________________
She didn't go to school because of her bad cold.
5 The light was very bad, so the referee had to stop the game.
_______________________________________________
The referee had to stop the game because of the bad light.
6 The traffic was very heavy; I was half an hour late.
_______________________________________________
I was half an hour late because of the heavy traffic.
5. 42.3 Fill the gaps with 'unless', 'otherwise' or 'as long as'.
1 I must write that letter now, _______________ I'll forget to do it.
otherwise
unless
2 I can meet you for dinner on Friday _______________ I have to work late at the
office.
3 We agreed to buy my daughter a dog _______________ she takes it for a walk
as long as
every day.
4 _______________ there's a problem, I won't disturb you.
Unless
5 You can borrow my dictionary _______________ you bring it back on Monday.
as long as
6 You'd better tidy your room, _______________ your mother will get very angry.
otherwise
6. 42.4 Read this memo from a manager to the staff. Fill each gap with a
suitable link word/phrase.
• To: All staff
• From: The Manager
• Date: 9th August
• Subject: Temporary roadworks
From next Monday, there will be roadworks on all major approach
roads to the factory. __________ this will create long delays, could I
As
please ask staff to leave home a few minutes early in the morning
__________ everyone arrives on time. The roadworks also mean
so that
that you won’t be able to park on the street. ___________________
As a result/Therefore
unless
it may be a good idea to leave your cars at home _____________ it
is impossible for you to use public transport.
Thank you for your cooperation in this matter.
7. 42.5 These sentences are all about learning English. Complete them in a
logical way.
1 I want to improve my English because _________________________
I will need it in my job very soon.
2 I bought myself a personal stereo so that I could listen to English cassettes
______________________
on the bus
3 I usually study English at the weekend as I am very busy during the week.
______________________
4 I always write words down in my notebook, otherwise _____________
I'll forget them.
5 I don't get many opportunities to practise my English, and therefore ___
I find it difficult to remember everything I study.
6 My brother has got a number of American friends. As a result, _______
he gets a lot of opportunities to practise his English.
