HEPATITIS

1. VIRAL
HEPATITIS
 Hepatitis AHepatitis A
 Hepatitis BHepatitis B
 Hepatitis CHepatitis C
 Hepatitis DHepatitis D
 Hepatitis EHepatitis E

2. Viral HepatitisViral Hepatitis
Inflammatory liver disease, characterized by
jaundice, abdominal pain, and anorexia due
to viral infection caused by viruses A, B, C, D
and E, alcohol abuse, or various toxins.

3. Caused by acute viral infection, toxicity,Caused by acute viral infection, toxicity,
or drug inducedor drug induced
Liver is enlarged and congestedLiver is enlarged and congested
Distortion of lobular patternDistortion of lobular pattern
Results in increased portal circulation pressureResults in increased portal circulation pressure
Circulation then decreased to liverCirculation then decreased to liver
Edema of biliary channelsEdema of biliary channels
Results in obstructive jaundiceResults in obstructive jaundice
Pathophysiology of HepatitisPathophysiology of Hepatitis

5. Types of HepatitisTypes of Hepatitis
Hepatitis A – Infectious hepatitisHepatitis A – Infectious hepatitis
Hepatitis B – Serum hepatitisHepatitis B – Serum hepatitis
Hepatitis C – Non-A non-B or PostHepatitis C – Non-A non-B or Post
transfusion hepatitistransfusion hepatitis
Hepatitis D – with Hep BHepatitis D – with Hep B
Hepatitis E - Epidemic hepatitisHepatitis E - Epidemic hepatitis

6. Hepatitis AHepatitis A
Caused by hepatitis A virusCaused by hepatitis A virus
Humans as their reservoirHumans as their reservoir
SOC:SOC: Infected feces, HAV-contaminated food
POC:1–2 weeks before the
onset of symptoms until about 7 days after the
patient becomes jaundiced.
Fecal oral contaminationFecal oral contamination
Oral anal sexual activity contamination, shellfish fromOral anal sexual activity contamination, shellfish from
contaminated watercontaminated water
Incubation 18 – 45 daysIncubation 18 – 45 days
Immune globulin within two weeks of exposureImmune globulin within two weeks of exposure

7. Hepatitis AHepatitis A
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Most are anicteric and asymptomatic
•Flu-like URTI with low-grade fever
•Anorexia
•Indigestion
•nausea
•Aversion to cigarette smoke and other
strong odors
•May or may not be jaundiced

8. Hepatitis BHepatitis B
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Reservoir: Humans
Source of infection:
-infected individuals
- receipt of blood transfusion or other blood products
- use of shared needles
- history of tattooing, ear or body piercing, or
acupuncture
Incubation: 30-180 days
Period of communicability:
-1-2 months before and after the onset of symptoms
Mode of transmission: Heterosexual transmission, contact with
blood and body fluids

9. Hepatitis BHepatitis B
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Loss of appetite,
•dyspepsia,
•abdominal pain
•Gen. aching malaise and weakness
•Jaundice
•Ligh-colored stools and dark urine
•Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly
•Enlarged posterior cervical lymph
nodes

10. Hepatitis CHepatitis C
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Source of infection:
-Parenteral drug, needlestick injuries, Blood transfusion
-High-risk sexual contact (multiple partners, history of other
STDs, anal sex, etc.)
Incubation: 15-160 days
Contact with blood and body fluids: transfusion of blood and blood
products
Period of communicability:
-one or more weeks before onset of symptoms and persists in
most persons

11. Hepatitis CHepatitis C
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Asymptomatic or experience
mild symptoms
•Fatigue
•Abdominal pain and poor
appetite
•Jaundice
•Headaches
•joint aches
•muscle aches
•nausea

13. Hepatitis DHepatitis D
Hepatitis D Virus (HDV)
Reservoir: humans
Animals: chimpanzee and pigs
Source of infection: same as Hepa-B
Incubation: 30-180 days
Period of communicability: not been yet determined,
but virus excretion in stool has been demonstrated up to 14
days after onset of illness
Co-infects with hepatitis B, close personal contact

14. Hepatitis DHepatitis D
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
•Similar to those with hepatitis B
•May progress to chronic active
hepatitis and cirrhosis
•always associated with a
coexistent hepatitis B virus
infection, either simultaneous
new infections (co- infection) or
a chronic hepatitis B infection
(superinfection)

15. Hepatitis EHepatitis E
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)
Reservoir: Infected Humans and Animals: wild and domestic esp.
swine
Incubation: 14-60 days
Period of Communicability:
-Not known.
- Hepa-E virus has been detected in stools 14 days after the onset of
jaundice and approximately 4 weeks after ingestion of contaminated
food or water and persists for about 2 weeks.
Source of infection:
- Contaminated water in areas of poor sanitation
-household member,sex partners, shared injection
equipment
S/S: JAUNDICE is almost always present