ultrasound is not limited to diagnosis, but can also be used in screening for disease and to aid in treatment of diseases . another one is ultrasound is not expose any radiation.

1. ULTRA SOUND MACHINE
By
SATHISHKUMAR G
(sathishsak111@gmail.com)

2. HISTORY OF ULTRASOUND:
 In 1880 brothers JACQUES ET PIERRE curie noted
that the electricity is created in the crystal of quartz
under mechanical vibration. This phenomenon was
described as the piezoelectric effect.
 Diagnosis medical application in use since late 1950’s
like visualizing cerebral chamber.

4. Why ultrasound is used?
 ultrasound is not limited to diagnosis, but
can also be used in screening for disease
and to aid in treatment of diseases .
 another one is ultrasound is not expose any
radiation.

5. PARTS OF ULTRASOUND MACHINE:

6. HOW DOES IT WORKS:

7. WHERE DO WE USE ULTRASOUND?
 Obstetrics
 liver
 gall bladder
 pancreas
 kidneys
 bladder
 prostate
 testicles
 uterus
 ovaries
 thyroid
 blood vessels
 brain ( in infants)

8. Modes of ultrasound:
A- mode
(amplitude)
• The amplitude of reflected ultrasound is displayed.
• It give one dimensional images only.
• The A-mode is now used only in ophthalmology.
M-mode
(motion)
• It reflects a motion of the heart structure over time.
• Nowadays, 3D M-mode images is possible.
• Accurate evaluation of rapid movements.
B-mode
(brightness)
• An amplitude of reflected signal is converted into gray
scale image .
• 2D in echocardiography.

9. (Choroid melanoma)

10. Trans abdominal B-scan

11. M- mode for heart scan

12. Doppler ultrasound:
A Doppler ultrasound is a test that uses high- frequency sound
waves to measure the amount of blood flow through your arteries and
Veins, usually those that supply blood to your arms and lungs.
IT MAY HELP DIAGNOSE MANY CONDITION,
o Blood Clots
o Venous Insufficiency
o Congenital heart disease
o Arterial Occlusion
o peripheral artery disease
o Carotid artery stenosis

13. Types
Of
Doppler
ultrasound
Spectral
Doppler
Colour
Doppler
Power
Doppler

14. 2d technology in imaging:
 It is the standard procedure used during
Obstetric ultrasound.
 The 2D ultrasound imaging allows to view
the baby in black & white technology.
 Traditional black & white is the most accurate
Way to determine gender determination.

15. 2d images:

16. 3d images
4d images

17. Clinical application of ultrasound:
 Abdominal ultrasound
 Gynaecology
 Obstetrics
 Echocardiography
 Small parts: thyroid, breast, scrotum
 musculoskeletal ultrasound

18. 1. Obstetric Ultrasound :
Date the pregnancy
Check the location of placenta
Check for the number of fetes
Check for physical abnormalities
Check the sex of the baby
Check for fetal movement, breathing, and heartbeat.

19. 2. Abdominal ultrasound:
1. To detect Gall stones
2. Determine the trauma in emergency
3. Fluid in the abdomen
4. Staging of neoplasis
5. Abdominal aneurysm
6. Bile duct disorders
7. Diffuse liver disease
8. Renal disorders

20. 3. Echocardiography Ultrasound:
1. Evaluate a heart murmur
2. Diagnose valve condition
3. Determine if fluid is collecting around the heart
4. Test blood flow through the heart.
5. Test heart function and diagnose heart and lung
problem .
6. Look for blood clots within heart chambers.

21. 4. Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
1. To diagnose masses or fluid collections
2. To evaluate ligament sprains
3. Early changes of Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Benign and Malignant soft tissue tumours.
5. Dislocation of the hip in infants
6. Neck muscle abnormalities in infants with
torticollis.

22.  Ultrasound scans involves no
needless or injections.
 Less Expensive
 It uses no ionizing radiation.
 Give a clear picture of soft tissue
 It has been used to evaluate pregnancy
 It does not cause heath problems.

23. 1. Many cancers cannot be detected via an ultrasound.
2. An ultrasound requires a highly experienced and
skilled operator to detect a malignant lump.
3. Ultrasound waves can heat the tissues slightly.
4. It can produce small pockets of gas in body fluids
or tissues ( cavitations )