It is implanted in our body for support and to improve or replace the function of damaged tissue

1. By
SATHISHKUMAR G
(sathishsak111@gmail.com)
BRAIN PROSTHETICS

2. WHAT IS PROSTHETICS?
 It is implanted in our body for support and to
improve or replace the function of damaged
tissue.

3. WHAT IS HIPPOCAMPUS?
 Hippocampus is a key region of brain involved
memory formation and storage.
 It is located in temporal region under cerebral
cortex.
 The hippocampus region to suffers damage by
cause of Alzheimer's
disease,epilepsy,demetia,suffered as stroke,
trauma and brain injury.
 Damage to hippocampus leads to oxygen
saturation(hypoxia),encephalitis or medial
temporal lobe epilepsy.
 In extensive, the bilateral hippocampal damage

5. HOW HIPPOCAMPUS IS
IMPORTANT?
• It play important consolidation of information from
short term memory to long term memory.
• The hippocampus region degrades while increase
in the age of human beings, this is the reason for
memory loss.
• For ex: the study prepared by university college of
London, showed that the part of hippocampus is
larger in taxi drivers than in the general public, and
that more experienced drivers have bigger
hippocampus helps an individual to become a
better cab driver or finding a shortcuts for a living
makes individuals.

6. HIPPOCAMPUS PROSTHETICS
 In order to help people memory problems,the
prosthesis is developed is in hippocampus region.
This prosthesis makes artificial working of
hippocampus in the brain.
 It is a cognitive prosthetics and it is implanted
inside the brain for long term purpose.
 It should be biocompatible in nature.

8. BIOMIMETIC PROPERTY
 It means that the implant must be able to fulfill the
properties of real biological neuron and this
prosthetic is developed by computational
neuroscience .
 After implanting, first the artificial neurons must be
able to work together in network just like real
neurons.
 The prosthesis must be able to communicate with
existing tissue in a bidirectional manner.
 The implants must be able to receive the
information from the brain and given appropriate
and compressible feedback to surrounding nerve
cells.

9. SURGICAL REQUIREMENTS
The prosthetic will be installed inside the brain, the
operation itself will be much like tumor removal operation.
Although the collateral damage will be inevitable. The effect on
the patient will be minimal.

10. IMAGING
 Technology such as EEG, MEG, fMRI and other
type of imaging technology are essential to the
installation of the implant.
 It requires a high precision in order to minimize
collateral damage(since the hippocampus is
situated inside the cortex), as well as the proper
function of the device.

11. SILICON OR NEURON
INTERFACE
 It will be needed for the proper interaction of the
prosthesis and the biological neurons of the brain
.
NEURON NETWORK PROCESSOR
 High number and density of silicon neurons are
needed to produce an effective prosthesis.
 High density hippocampal neuron network are
required in order for the prosthesis to carry out
the task of biological hippocampus.
 Neuron or silicon interface will be essential to the
bidirectional communication of the implanted
prosthesis.

12. POWER SUPPLY
 Appropriate power supply is still a major issue for
any neural implants for long term biocompatibility,
the power supply will require several specification
.
 The power supply should be self recharging.
 External power supply is not envisagable
because the brain is also highly heat sensitive,
the power and device itself must not generate to
much heat to avoid disrrupting brain function.

14. RECENT DEVELOPMENT
 In Los Angeles have developed working
hippocampal prosthetics that passed the live tissue
test in 2010.
 In 2011 the prosthetics was successfully tested in
rats.
 The prosthetics in the form of multisite electrodes
position to record from both the input and output
sites of the damaged hippocampus.
 The input is gathered and analyzed in external
computation chips, an appropriate feedback is
computed then used to stimulate appropriate output
pattern in the brain so the prosthetic function like a
real hippocampus

16. CONCLUSION
 The device does not yet consist of fully implanted
chips, these tests, from rat to monkey,
demonstrate the effectiveness of the device as a
neural prosthetics.
 In 2015, labs plan to begin human trials.