This gives an insight to the basic fundamentals of computers designed for foundation course of UGs.

1. Basic Computer
Fundamentals

2. A computer is a programmable machine with the following characteristics:
• Computer.. Latin word.. Compute
• Calculation Machine
• It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
• It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software.

4. Functions of
Computer
Accepts data Input
Processes data Processing
Produces output
Stores results

8. Keyboards are the main tool available to enter text into the computer.
If you wanted to type a letter, you would open a word processing
program, such as Wordpad, notepad, or Microsoft Word.
Using wordpad, you can type your letter just as you would write it on
paper. However, instead of using pen and paper, you will press on the
letters on the keyboard that correspond to the letters you wish to type.

10. Elements of A Computer
People: They run and operate the computer.
Procedure: are normally written in manuals of
hardware and software manufacturers.
Software: is to process data into useful
information for people.
Hardware: the physical equipment that you
can feel and touch

11. Elements of A Computer
Data: include texts and numbers, sounds,
images, and videos that you input into the
computer for processing.
Connectivity: - a computer must be connected
to other computers especially through the
internet. - using the internet, people can share
and access data from all over the world.

12. Hard Drive and RAM
• The hard drive is the permanent memory for your computer.
Information is stored there even when the computer is turned off.
• RAM (random access memory) is the short-term memory for your
computer. It is used to open programs and remember things for the
session that your computer is turned on.

13. Software
• Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance. - are sets of
instructions that tell the computer what to do to fulfill its task.
Kinds of Software
• System Software: are programs that the computer uses. - is a collection of programs
which includes the operating system, utilities and drivers.
• Operating System: is a program that is basically responsible for the coordination,
management and sharing of hardware resources and tasks in the computer.
• Utility Software: is a program that performs maintenance tasks for the computer
resources, such as clean up and organizing files and programs so they would load and
work faster.

14. Kinds of Software
• Device Driver: is a program that allows a particular hardware device to
work and with the computer system.
• Applications Software: are the programs that people use for their day
to-day tasks on the computer
• Basic application software: includes word processor, spreadsheet,
database and presentation software.
• Specialized application software: includes software for graphics,
multimedia, audio, video, web designing and many other app. that focus
on a certain discipline or profession.

15. Basics Computer Functions
• How to open a program.
• Functions of left and right clicks
• Key combinations
• Basic programs

16. How to open a program.
To open a program you will usually double click on the program name
if you are selecting it from the desktop by using the left mouse button
to click.
If you are selecting the program from the start menu you will usually
only need to click on the program name once, again using the left
mouse button.

17. Functions of left and right clicks
• When using a mouse, there are typically two buttons – a left
button and a right button.
• The left mouse button is usually used to open up programs and
folders.
• The left mouse button is also used when interacting with the
various tools inside an open program.
• The right mouse button is used more to view information about
things such as files and folders.

18. Key combinations
• CTRL+C (Copy)
• CTRL+X (Cut)
• CTRL+V (Paste)
• CTRL+Z (Undo)
• CTRL+ALT+DELETE (if computer freezes this will give you access to end the
program)

19. File System
Hard
Drive
Folders Files Zips

20. Printers
CONNECT ADD PAPER PRINT

21. Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics
• Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
• Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.
• Thou shalt not snoop around in other people’s files.
• Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.
• Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
• Thou shalt not use or copy software for which you have not paid.
• Thou shalt not use other people’s computer resources without authorization.
• Thou shalt not appropriate other people’s intellectual.
• Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you write.
• Thou shalt use a computer in ways that show consideration and respect.

22. Disadvantages of using Computers
• Use of Power: computers need electricity to run.
Computers only need a small amount of electric power but with
many computers around, this results to high total requirement.
• Privacy Violation: personal information when stored in a computer can be
viewed and stolen.

23. Warnings
 Don’t eat or drink near computer
 Keyboards and other parts are sensitive to spills
 Remember to Save
 Sometimes a computer will crash remember to save often Don’t
overheat
 Avoid having a computer near a heater or any hot objects.
 Don’t plug too much into one outlet
 Electrical problems can mess up many computer components. This
can be expensive to fix.
 CD/DVD-drive is for CDs or DVDs only .
 Do not put cups in a CD drive