2. OUTLINE
Normal anatomy
Classification of parotid gland tumors
Important features and management.
Parotidectomy and its Complications
Take home message
7. Gland Frequency % Malignant %
Parotid 65 25
Submandibular 10 40
Sublingual <1 90
Minor Glands 25 50
Incidence
8. INCIDENCE
Pleomorphic adenoma is most common
benign tumor in all major and minor
salivary glands.
Most common malignancy in Parotid is
Mucoepidermoid CA while in
Submandibular It’s Adenoid Cystic CA.
14. 1) Detailed history and
clinical examination
2) Ultrasonography
3) Radiology
4) FNAC
5) Incisional Biopsy
15. A sudden increase in size:
1. Infection
2. cystic degeneration
3. hemorrhage inside the mass
4. malignant transformation
MALIGNANT INDICATORS ARE:
1. Facial nerve paresis or paralysis.
2. Weakness or numbness of the tongue or
in distribution of branches of trigeminal
nerve
3. Pain
4. Fixation
5 Cervical adenopathy
18. Well circumscribed, encapsulated
incomplete infilterations
Is composed of glandular
epithelium and
myoepithelial cells with a
mesenchyme like
background.
22. IDENTIFICATION OF FACIAL
NERVE
Antegrade / Retrograde
Peripheral branch
Digastric muscle
Tragal pointer
(Conley)
Styloid process
Tympanomastoid
suture line
Mastoid process
23. Best treated with surgical excision
SUPERFICIAL LOBE; Superficial
parotidectomy saving facial nerve.
DEEP LOBE; Total parotidectomy.
95% cure rate.
5% malignant transformation.
24. Slowly growing, painless,
nodular mass
Firm or fluctuant
Tail of parotid
tendency to occur
bilaterally 5-7%
6th and 7th decade
> in males, associated
with smoking
26. Surgical removal is treatment of choice.
6-12% recurrence
Malignant Warthin tumors have been
reported but are rare..
27.
28. Is most common salivary malignancy.
Is most common in parotid gland usually
appears as asymptomatic swelling.
Pain/ facial nerve palsy occurs with Hi grade
tumor.
Peak age 2-7th decade
29. In minor Palate
Asymptomatic blue/ red color,
can be mistaken for mucocele
30. 1. Mucous
2. Squamous
3. Intermediate cells
1. Relative numbers of mucous,
squamous and intermediate cells
2. Amount of cyst formation
3. Degree of cytologic atypia
31.
32. – Mucus = squamous
– Fewer and smaller
cysts
– Increasing
pleomorphism
and mitotic figures
33. – Squamous > mucus
– Solid islands of
squamous
and intermediate cells
- inc. pleomorphism
and mitotic activity
– Mistaken for SCCA
34. Influenced by location, Grade and stage of
tumor.
PAROTID; Early stage subtotal
parotidectomy, saving facial nerve
Advanced tumors total parotidectomy,
sacrificing facial nerve .
35. Slow growing mass
Pain is common and important finding
In parotid tumors facial nerve paralysis may
develop
36. Clinical features
Smooth surfaced or ulcerated
Minor salivary gland 50-60%
Parotid 2-3%
Submandibular 12-17%
Middle aged adults
50-60%
40. is treatment of choice
is poorest for tumors arising
in maxillary sinus and submandibular gland
and for tumors with solid histopathologic
pattern.
occurs in aprox.35% cases
most frequently to lungs and bones.
42%
41. Cells show serous acinar
differentiation.
85% occur in parotid
9% minor salivary glands
2nd-7th decade
Females> males
85% 9%
42. Treatment And Prognosis
Best treated with surgical excision
Approx. 1/3rd of the patients have
recurrences
Metastasis develop in 10-15 % cases
43.
44. ; no clinical evidence of primary tumour
; Up to 2 cms diameter without
extraparenchymal extension
; 2 – 4 cms without extraparechymal extension
; > 4.0 cms and / or extraparenchymal
extension
;
a) Tumor invades adjacent st. skin, ear canal,
mandible, nerve
b) Invades skull base, pterygoid plates or
encases carotid artery
45. NX: Lymph nodes (LN) can’t be
assessed
N0: no nodal involvement
N1: metastasis in only one LN ipsilateral
to the tumor with up to 3 cm
N2a: LN of 3 to 6 cm, ipsilateral
N2b: multiple ipsilateral LNs
N2c: bilateral or contralateral LN’s
o N3: LN’s larger than 6 cm
47. STAGING
Stage I T1NoMo
Stage II T2NoMo
Stage III T3NoMo or
T1-3,N1Mo
Stage IVA T4aNo-1M0 or
T1-4aN2M0
Stage IVB T4bNxM0 or
TxN3M0
Stage IVC TxNxM1
48. Metastatic cervical L.A.P.
But there is controversy about
management of clinically negative neck
nodes
High-grade or large tumor occult
regional disease elective or
selective neck dissection
In low-grade malignancy the elective
neck disection not recommended
49. Microscopically positive margin
High grade including adenoid cystic
Involvement of skin, bone, nerve
LN spread
Large tumors requiring radical resection
Tumor spillage
Recurrence
50. INTRA-
OPERATIVE
EARLY POST OP LATE POST OP
Hemorrhage Nerve paralysis Facial sinkinesis
Nerve transaction Hemorrhage/
Hematoma
Numbness of ear
lobule
Incomplete tumor
resection
Infection Recurrent tumor
Capsule Rupture Flap necrosis Soft Tissue Defect
Cosmetic
Deformity
Frey’s syndrome
Salivary fistula
formation
53. Salivary gland tumors have diverse
pathology.
Principal treatment of salivary gland
tumors is surgical resection with safe
margins.
Used either as a single modality or in
conjunction with adjuvant radiotherapy.