JEAN PIAGET THEORY OF COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVISM

1. Topic :- JEAN PIAGET
THEORY OF COGNITIVE
CONSTRUCTIVISM.

2. Index
• Introduction.
• Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years).
• Formal Operational Stage (11 years and
over).
• Educational Implications.
• Supports.
• Criticism.

3. MEANING OF COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT.
• Cognition means to perceive, comprehend, conceive or
simply to know. We can also say that it is a process how an
individual perceives the information which is presented to
him/her from the environment . Hence, the cognitive
development would then means the growth and capability
of knowing comprehending or understanding over time.
Which is facilitated both by maturity and interaction with the
environment.

4. Important TERMS.
Schema:- Schemas is a mental framework that exist in individual
mind to organize and interpret the information.
Assimilation:- It occurs when a child uses an existing schema to
deal with a new object or situation.
Accomedation:- It occurs when a child uses the existing schema
(knowledge) does not work and needs to be changed to deal with a
new object or situation.
Equilibrium:- Assimilation and Accomedation are two
sides of adaptation. The existence of the proper
balance between them called as equilibrium.

5. Stages of jean piaget theory.
• Piaget has proposed four stages of cognitive
development which are as follows:-
• Sensorimotor stage.
• Preoperational stage.
• Concrete operational stage.
• Formal operational stage.

6. Concrete operational stage.
• This stage starts from 7years to 11 years. Piaget considered
this stage a major turning point in the child’s cognitive
development because it marks the beginning of logical or
operational thought. This means the child can work things out
internally in their head. At this stage the child not only uses
symbols representation, but can manipulate there symbols
logically.

7. Formal operation stage.
• It starts from 11years to over. The formal operational
stage begins at approximately age eleven and lasts
into adulthood. During this time, people develop the
ability to think about abstract concepts and logically
test hypotheses.

8. Educational implications.
• Framing and planning curriculum
• Formation of teaching methodology
• Acquaintance with thought process.
• Appropriate and stimulating process.
• Pupil centered education.
• Stage based teaching.
• Focus on the process of children's thinking
not just it’s products.

9. Support.
• The influence of Piaget’s ideas in developmental psychology has
been enormous. He changed how people viewed the child’s
world and their methods of studying children. He was an
inspiration to many who came after and took up his ideas.
Piaget's ideas have generated a huge amount of research which
has increased our understanding of cognitive development.
• His ideas have been of practical use in understanding and
communicating with children, particularly in the field of education

10. Criticisms.
• Some studies have shown that progress to the formal operational stage is
not guarantied. Piaget concentrated on the universal stages of cognitive
development and biological maturation. He failed to consider the effect that
the social setting and culture may have on cognitive development.
• Piaget method are more open to biased interpretation than other methods.
• As several studies have shown Piaget underestimates the abilities of
children because his tests were sometimes confusing or difficult to
understand
• Piaget studied the European child. This sample was very small.
Researches have therefore questioned the general disability office date.

11. References.
• Https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html
• https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-
cognitive-development-2795457
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget