28. Ascending urethrogram
• Retrograde filling of the contrast agent into the urethra
• INDICATIONS:
1- Stricture and rupture of the urethra following trauma
when retrograde filling is essential.
2- When investigating prostatic abnormalities.
3- Indeterminate genital anatomy.
4- Prior to catheterization following major pelvic trauma to
assess for any urethral damage
• CONTRAINDICATIONS:
1- Care should be exercised with patients who may be
sensitive to iodine contrast agents.
2- Acute urethritis & balanitis.
32. Suprarenal gland
• CT:
– The normal adrenals
have soft tissue
densities similar to that
of the liver,
– The limbs should have
uniform thickness that
should not exceed the
thickness of the
diaphragmatic crus, any
area thicker than 10
mm is probably
abnormal.
34. • CT
– Normal bladder wall is uniform, thin and regular
with no diverticula or calcifications.
35. Prostate
• US
– Normal prostatic echo-pattern:
• Normal prostate sonogram often contain isoechoic
structures most characteristically in the peripheral,
transition, and central zones
• Smooth muscles produce hypoechoic appearance,
although an enlarged transition zone is also able to
produce such echogenicity.
• Hyperechoic structures are characteristic of fat,
corpora amylacea, or calculi.
38. • MRI
– On T2-weighted images, the normal peripheral
zone demonstrates a high signal intensity.
– The peripheral zone is surrounded by a thin rim of
low signal intensity, which represents the
anatomic or true capsule.
39. Testes
• US
The testicles are evaluated transversally and sagittally. Normal
testicles have an oval shape and are virtually homogeneous
44. Imaging Modalities
of Female genital system:
◦ US
◦ MRI
◦ Conventional: contrast study:
hystrosalpingography
◦ CT
45. US
high-frequency sound
waves to produce pictures
of the inside of the body
No ionizing radiation
real-time - structure and
movement (Doppler)
Non-invasive
46. USHow should I prepare?
How does the procedure work?
How is the procedure performed?
54. HSG
Technique:
The examination should be scheduled during
days 7–12 of the menstrual cycle.
scout radiograph is obtained.
Speculum is used to expose the cervix.
Traction of the cervix by volsellum.
iodinated contrast agent is injected (about 10 ml)
women are advised to take a non steroidal anti-
inflammatory drug 1 hour prior to the procedure.
Then we obtain four spot radiographs.
55. The first image
obtained during early filling of the uterus and is used to
evaluate for any filling defect or contour abnormality.
Small filling defects are best seen at this stage.
56. The second image
obtained with the uterus fully distended. The shape of the
uterus is best evaluated at this stage, although small filling
defects may be obscured when the uterus is well opacified.
