Ann

1. Technical Seminar Presentation
Technology
APPLICATIONS OF ANN IN
MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
& Science Presented by
Amit Kumar Das
Roll# EC200147223
of Institute At
NIST,Berhampur
National Under the guidance of
Mr. Rowdra Ghatak
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[1]

2. Technical Seminar Presentation
Introduction
Technology
 ANNs are neuroscience -inspired computational tools.
 Learn from experience/examples (training) & not the example
itself.
& Science Generalize automatically as a results of their structure (not by
using human intelligence embedded in the form of ad hoc
computer programs).
of Institute  Used extensively for visual pattern recognition, speech
understanding, and more recently, for modeling and simulation of
complex processes.
National  Recently it has been applied to different branches of Microwave
Engineering
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[2]

3. Technical Seminar Presentation
When To Apply ANN
Technology
 When the problem is poorly understood
& Science  When observations are difficult to carry out using noisy or
incomplete data
of Institute  When problem is complex, particularly while dealing with
nonlinear systems
National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[3]

4. Technical Seminar Presentation
Feedforward Neural Model
Technology
Output
lines
& Science Hidden
of layer
Institute National Input
lines
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[4]

5. Technical Seminar Presentation
Topics Covered
Technology
 Smart antennae modeling
 Demand node concept
& Science 1. Initialization & selection
2. Adaptation
of Institute 3. Optimization
National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[5]

6. Technical Seminar Presentation
Smart Antenna Modeling
Technology
•A smart antenna consists of an antenna array combined with
& signal processing in both space and time.
Science •These systems of antennas include a large number of techniques
that attempt to enhance the received signal, suppress all
of interfering signals, and increase capacity, in general.
Institute National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[6]

7. Technical Seminar Presentation
ANN Model for Resonant Frequency
Rectangular Patch Antenna
Technology
& Science of Institute National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[7]

8. Technical Seminar Presentation
Training/Network Parameters
Technology
 Network size: 5 ´ 40 ´ 1
&  Learning Rate: 0.08
Science  Momentum: 0.205
 Time Step for integration: 5 ´ 10-10
of  Training Time: 6.4 min.
Institute  No. of Epochs: 15000
National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[8]

9. Technical Seminar Presentation
Bandwidth of Patch Antenna
Rectangular Patch Antenna
Technology
& Science of Institute National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[9]

10. Technical Seminar Presentation
Rectangular Patch Antenna
Technology
Algorithm’s used
Other Details
• Back Propagation
•ANN structure:
& Science • Delta – Bar – Delta
3´4´8´1
(DBD)
• Extended DBD (EDBD)
•Max. no. of iterations:
5,00,000
of • Quick Propagation
Institute •Tolerance (RMS Error):
0.015
National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[10]

11. Technical Seminar Presentation
Network Parameters
Technology
BP Parameters
EDBD Parameters
• Learning Coefficients:
• k= 0.095, k= 0.01,
a m – 0.3 for the 1st hidden
g= 0.0, g= 0.0
m a layer
f= 0.01, f= 0.1,
& • – m a 0.25 for the 2nd hidden
Science q = 0.7, l = 0.2,
layer
• – The sequential and/or random
0.15 for the output layer
training procedure follows
• momentum coefficient : 0.4
of QP Parameters
Institute DBD Parameters
• d = 0.0001
• k = 0.01, f = 0.5, q = 0.7, a
• a = 0.1
= 0.2
• • e = 1.0
Momentum coefficient = 0.4
• • m = 2.0
National The sequential and/or
random training procedure
follows
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[11]

12. Technical Seminar Presentation
Demand Node Concept
Technology
& Science of Institute National Demand Node Concept
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[12]

13. Technical Seminar Presentation
Input Step Output
Technology
Geographical map
Radio networEks tdimefainteidti toxn location
& Science Morphology model
Propagation analysis
Coverage
Land use categories
of interference
Frequency allocation
distance
Institute Freq plan
Stochastic channel
Radio network analysis
National characteristics
Network performance
Mobile network
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[13]

14. Technical Seminar Presentation
Initialization & Selection
Technology
Start
•Distribute sensory neurons.
•Place transmitting stations
& •Determine initial temperature.
Science Determine supplying areas.
Random selection of a
of Institute N
Sensory neuron
N
N
No supply? No.of selection
Multiply supplied?
Y
Values=preset
Y
National Y
Val.?
Change position for
Change position for
attraction
repulsion or
Or increasing power.
Decreasing power.
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[14]

15. Technical Seminar Presentation
Adaptation
Technology
E=Energy of current system
1State z1
& Science Determine transmitting
Station tworst
Change
Displace of T N
Power
Institute Y
Change position
National Determine supplying areas
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[15]

16. Technical Seminar Presentation
Optimization
Technology
E=Energy of current
2System state z2
Ee<0 ?
Choose random
& 1—2N
Number r
Science Y
P:=prob(z=z)
newpof N
P<r ?
Institute Y
Regenerate state
ZN
1
Steady state
National Reduce temperature
System ?
Y End
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[16]

17. Technical Seminar Presentation
Displacement:Case Of Attraction
Technology
& Science D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6
of Institute National Base station Sensory neuron
Area of coverage
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[17]

18. Technical Seminar Presentation
Displacement:Case Of Repulsion
Technology
Base station
locations
Sensory
neurons
& Science of Institute Borders of
National BEFORE supplying areas.
AFTER
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[18]

19. Technical Seminar Presentation
Power Enhancement
Technology
Sensory neurons.
Base station
& locations
Science of Institute BEFORE Borders of the
supplying areas.
AFTER
National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[19]

20. Technical Seminar Presentation
Power Decrement
Technology
Borders of the supplying areas
Sensory neurons
& Science of Institute Base station
National Before After
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[20]

21. Technical Seminar Presentation
Emerging Trends / Future Applications
Technology
 To find the optimized compact structures for low-profile
antennas
 Applications in reconfigurable antennas/arrays
&  Science Applications in fractal antennas
 To increase the efficiency of numerical algorithms used in
antenna analysis like MoM, FDTD, FEM etc.
of Institute National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[21]

22. Technical Seminar Presentation
Conclusion
Technology
Neural networks mimics brain’s problem solving process
& this has been the motivating factor for the use of ANN
& where
Science  huge amount of data is involved.
 the sources vary.
of Institute  decision making is critical.
 environment is complex.
National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[22]

23. Technical Seminar Presentation
REFERENCES
[1]Haykin, S., 1999.Neural Networks A Comprehensive
Technology
Foundation, 2nd edition, Pearson Education.
[2]Freeman James A. & Skapura David M., Neural Networks,
Pearson Education.
& Science [3]Yuhas, Ben & Ansari Nerman. Neural Networks in
Telecommunications.
[4]B.Yegnanarayana. 1999.Artificial Neural Networks. Prentice
of Hall of India.
Institute [5]G.A. Carpenter and S.Grossberg, ‘The ART of adaptive pattern
recognition by a self-organization neural network’, IEEE
Computer, vol. 21, pp. 77-88, 1988.
National [6]N.K. Bose and P.Liang, Neural Network Fundamentals with
Graphs, Algorithms and Applications,McGraw-Hill,Int.
Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[23]

24. Technical Seminar Presentation
Technology
& Science Thank You
of Institute National Amit Kumar Das Roll#EC200147223
[24]