FON

2. DRUG FORMS
Medication are available in variety of forms. The form of the
medication determines its route of administration.

3. • Drug forms can be of three types;
– Solid eg: tablet, capsule
– Liquid eg: syrup, eye drops
– Semi solid eg: ointment, lotion
DRUG FORMS

4. • Tablet: It is the powdered
medication compressed into hard
disk or cylinder.
• Capsule: Medication covered in
gelatin shell.
• Gel or jelly: A clear or translucent
semisolid that liquefies when
applied to the skin.

5. • Lozenge: A flat, round, or oval
preparation that dissolves and releases a
drug when held in the mouth.
• Lotion: Drug particles in a solution for
topical use.
• Ointment: Semisolid preparation
containing a drug to be applied externally.

6. • Powder: Single or mixture of finely
ground drugs.
• Solution: A drug dissolved in another
substance.
• Suspension: Finely divided, undissolved
particles in a liquid medium; should be
shaken before use.

7. • Syrup: Medication combined
in a water and sugar solution.
• Suppository: An easily melted
medication preparation in a
firm base such as gelatin that is
inserted into the body
(rectum, vagina, urethra)

8. • Transdermal patch: Unit dose of medication applied
directly to skin for diffusion through skin and absorption
into the bloodstream.

9. ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
Different route of drug administration are;
• Oral
• Parenteral
• Topical
• Inhalation

10. ORALROUTE
 Oral route: Medications are given by mouth.
 Sublingual Administration: Some medications are readily
absorbed when placed under the tongue to dissolve.

11. ORALROUTE
 Buccal Administration: Administration of a medication by
placing in the mouth against the mucous membrane
of the cheek until it dissolves.

12. PARENTERALROUTES
Parenteral Routes: Parenteral administration involves
injecting a medication into body tissues.

13. PARENTERALROUTES
The following are the four major sites of injection:
1. Intradermal (ID): Injection into the dermis just under
the epidermis.
2. Subcutaneous (SC): Injection into tissues just below the
dermis of the skin.
3. Intramuscular (IM): Injection into a muscle.
4. Intravenous (IV): Injection into a vein.

15. Some medications are administered into body
cavities. These additional routes include
• Epidural
• Intrathecal
• Intraosseous
• Intraperitoneal
• Intrapleural
• Intraarterial

16. • Epidural: Epidural
medications are
administered in the
epidural space.
• Intrathecal: Administration of
medications into
subarachnoid space or one of
the ventricles of the brain.

17. • Intraosseous: Administration of medication directly
into the bone marrow.
• Intraperitoneal: Medications administered into the
peritoneal cavity
• Intrapleural: Administration of medications directly
into the pleural space.
• Intraarterial: Intraarterial medications are
administered directly into the arteries.

18. TOPICALROUTES
Topical: Medications applied to the skin and mucous
membranes (eye, ears, nose, mouth, vagina, urethra,
rectum).

19. TOPICALROUTES
⚫ Inunctions (topical application): It is the
application of the drug to the skin usually by a
friction , e.g. ointment.
⚫ Implantation: Means planting or putting in of solid
drugs into the body tissues.

20. TOPICALROUTES
⚫ Instillation: It is putting a drug in liquid form in to
the body cavity such a urinary bladder or into body
orifices such as ears eyes and nose.
⚫Insufflations:(Latin: insufflare, lit. 'to blow into') is the act
of blowing something (such as a gas, powder, or vapor)
into a body cavity

21. • Inhalation Route: Administer inhaled
medications through the nasal and oral
passages or endotracheal or tracheostomy
tubes.