Analytical Writing is an English Writing topic which is one of the hardest Writing topics but this PPT will help you a lot to improve. This includes all the rules and tips for interpreting a line graph

1. Analytical writing
Line Graph

2. Lesson Objectives
 Introduce the topic,
 Explain how a graph need to be interpreted –
Introduction and overview.

3. Why do we use a line graph?
 Line graphs can be used to show how information or
data change over time.
 Usually the x-axis shows the time period and the y-axis
shows what is being measured.
 Line graphs can be used when you are plotting data
that have peaks (ups) and troughs (downs).
 In other words, they highlight trends.

4. The graph below shows the waste
recycling rates in the U. S from 1960-2011.
•What is being
measured and
how?
•Is there a time
element to the
information?
•Are two or
more things
being
compared?

5. The graph below shows the waste
recycling rates in the U. S from 1960-
2011.
 The line chart outlines how much of the waste was
recycled during the period of 1960-2011 in the U. S.
 Overall, waste recycling in the US after 1985 increased
remarkably despite a big proportion of litter remained
unprocessed.

6. The graph below shows the pollution
levels in London between 1600 and
2000.

7. Body paragraphs
 Interpretation of the giving the given data
 Group data while writing the paragraph
 Four countries you choose two countries – Para 1
 Grouping method 2- increasing trend and declining trend
 Grouping method 3- according to time period – past,
present and future. ( minimize the tense confusion)

8. The graph below gives information about
changes in the birth and death rates in New
Zealand between 1901 and 2101.

9.  The line graph illustrates the changes in the birth and death rates
in New Zealand since 1901, and forecasts trends tip until 2101.
 Overall, the birth rate remained consistently overshoot during the
mid 1900s began to decline towards 2000. Having said, these
opposing trends signals that the death rate will probably overtake
the birth rate in around 2041 and the large gap between the two
levels will be reversed in the later part of this century.
 Between 1901 and the present day, the birth rate has been
consistently higher than the death rate. It stood at 20,000 at the
start of this period and increased to a peak over 60000 in
1961.since then the rate has fluctuated between 65 and 50
thousand and it is expected to decline slowly to around 40,000
births by the end of the century.
 In contrast, the death rate started below 10,000 and has increased
steadily until the present time. This increase is expected to be
more rapid between 2021 and 2051 when the rate will probably
level off at around 60,000, before dropping slightly in 2101.

10. Vocabs to be used!!!!!!!!
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

11. Useful vocabs
 Upward trend
 Rise/ a rise; Increase; climb; grow; a growth; go up; shoot up; Surge,
 Incline, upswing, soar, spurt
 Downward trend
 Decrease ; drop ; fall; decline; plunge; reduced; deplete; sink; lower;
 Other vocabs
 Fluctuate; fluctuation; dip; remain steady; remain stable; remained unchanged; level
off; peak at; reach at a peak of; hit a high of; hit a low of; bottom out; plateau
 Steadily; gradually; sharply; rapidly; steeply; dramatically; significantly;
considerably
 Steady; gradual; sharp; rapid; steep; dramatic; significant;
 considerable;
 Over the next ..; over the period; from …to; between… and;
 At the beginning of the period, at the end of the period, mid, early
Verbs
and
nouns
Adverbs
Time
Phrases
Adjectiv
es

12. Vocabulary with synonyms.
 Education – Schooling
 Most important – Most significant, essential etc
 Factor – element, aspect
 Development- advancement, evolution
 Country- Nation
 Show – illustrates, display, represents, demonstrates,
indicates,
 Overall- in general

13. Points to remember while drafting an
analytical writing
 1) Mention all the major features of the statistics or charts
2) Make sure you describe the statistics accurately
3) Paraphrase the information in the question
4) Avoid repeating the same words and phrases and try to vary
the sentence structures you use
5) Give an overview of the most important trends or patterns

14. Tips
 When you are describing a chart or graph, you are actually describing
the patterns found in the data. Before you begin to write, spend one
or two minutes noticing the different features of the visual information.
 To help to identify the patterns, you need to look for the
• peaks (high points) and troughs (low points)
• periods when the figures remain steady (show little or no change)
• periods when the figures fluctuate (show a lot of changes)
 This is a formal piece of writing.
 Avoid using contractions (e.g. write it
has decreased not it's decreased).
 Avoid using very informal vocabulary
 (e.g. write it has become more popular not it has got more popular)
 Avoid using very informal punctuation, such as exclamation marks.
 Try to use linking devices, such as
 In contrast, However, Moreover, Similarly, to connect points.

15.  Points to remember: TENSE
 For most visuals a specific time in the past will be given
and you will need to use the past simple tense. If two
things took place at the same time, you may use the past
continuous tense for one of them. (While poultry
production was rising during this period, there was no
change in mutton production).
 If you use since or recent(ly) it means that you are
referring to events that have come up to the present. That
means using the present perfect tense. (The use of the
Internet has risen enormously since the 1990s.)
 With by you will often need to use the past perfect or the
future perfect tense. (By the end of the century the rate
of urbanisation had doubled.)