A Presentation about Volkswagen keeping in focus the legal aspects of the firm.

2. AUTOMOBILE SECTOR:
VOLKSWAGEN
Prepared by:
Vishal Singh Tomar
Rohan Agarwal
Mridul Jain
Monali Gupta
Leena Gangurde
Ruchita Koli
Guided by :
Prof. Animesh Kumar

6. COMPANIES ACT 2013
• Section 2(20) of the Companies Act 2013, define the term ‘Company’ as following:
• “Company means incorporated under this Act or under any previous company law.”
FEATURES OF COMPANIES:
• Separate Legal Entity
• Perpetual Succession
• Limited Liability
• Artificial Legal Person
• Common Seal

7. COMPANIES (AMENDMENTS)ACT 2015
• No Minimum Paid Up Capital
• No Common Seal
• No Dividend Unless Losses Set Of
MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION
ARTICLE OF ASSOCIATION

8. CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT
• An Act to provide for better protection of the interests of consumers and for that purpose to
make a provision for Tom.
 SINGNIFICANCE OF THE STATUTE
 CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCIL
 OBJECTIVES OF CENTRAL COUNCIL
• The objectives of the Central Council is to promote and to protect the rights of the consumers
such as:-
• Right to be protected
• Right to be informed
• Right to be assured
• Right to be heard
• Right to seek redressal
• Right to consumer education.

9. SALES OF GOODS ACT
1. The law relating to sale and purchase of goods, prior to 1930 were dealt by the Indian Contract Act,
1872. In 1930, Sections 76 to 123 of the Contract Act was repealed and a separate Act known as the
Sale of Goods Act, 1930 was passed.This act lays down special provisions governing the contract of
sales of goods .The general law of contract is also applicable to the contracts for the sale of goods
unless they are inconsistent with the express provisions of the Sale of Goods Act .
2. GENERAL MEANING OF CONTRACT OF SALE
3. DISTINCTION BETWEEN SALE AND AGREEMENT TO SELL BASIS SALE AGREEMENT
TO SELL
4. ESSENTIALS OF CONTRACT OF SALE
Two parties, Goods, Transfer of general property, Price, Essential elements of a valid
contract

10. • CONDITIONS AND WARRANTIES MEANING OF CONDITION AND
WARRANTY
• WHEN CONDITION HAS TO BE TREATED AS WARRANTY

11. INDIAN CONTRACT ACT 1872
 The Indian contract act 1872, defines the term ‘contract’ under it’s section 2(h) as “An
agreement enforceable by law”. In other words, we can say of the land. The act is based on
the principal of English common law.
 The act as enacted originally had 266 sections, it had wide scope and include:-
1. General principles of law of contract sections 01 to 75.
2. Contract relating to sale of goods sections 76 to 123
3. Special contracts – indemnity, guarantee, bailment, and pledge and agency sections 124 to
238.

12. THERE ARE SOME PROVISIONS THAT ARE
HIGHLIGHTED IN A INDIAN TRADE PRACTICES:-
• Offer section 2(a)
• Acceptance section 2(b)
• Consideration section 2(d)
• Agreement section 2(e)
• Some special contacts:-
I. Indemnity
II. Gaurantee
EXAMPLES related to volkswagen.

13. NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT ACT
• The word Negotiable means "transferable by delivery" and the word instrument
means "a written document by which a right is created in favor of some person.
• Thus, the term negotiable instrument literally means 'a written document which
creates a right in favor of somebody and is freely transferable by delivery'
• A negotiable instrument is a piece of paper which entitles a person to a certain sum
of money and which is transferable from one to another

14. NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENT
ACT(CONTD)
• There are three main main negotiable instruments we have :-
• 1. Bill of exchange
• 2. Promissory Note
• 3. Cheque

15. THANK YOU
ANY QUESTIONS ?