Legal Issues Of The Lawsuit Filed By The Creditors

Legal Issues Of The Lawsuit Filed By The Creditors
In the lawsuit filed by the creditors in order to recover their money, there are a few legal issues.
They major question here is whose assets can the creditors go after– Double J Branding, Jana, or
Jamal? More in depth questions that need to be answered for this lawsuit are was the limited
partnership valid and was Jamal considered the limited partner at the time of the transaction? Also
did the loan officer and real estate agent believe in good faith that Jamal was a general partner at the
time of the transaction? Many rules are included and must be followed in order for a limited
partnership to be valid and to work properly. A limited partnership is a type of partnership that has
two types of partners– a general partner and a limited partner. The general partner of a limited
partnership invests capital and manages the business. The general partner has unlimited liability
which means they are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the limited partnership. The
limited partner in a limited partnership invests capital but does not participate in management. The
limited partner has limited liability, which means they are only liable for the debts and obligations of
the limited partnership up to their capital contributions but they are not personally liable.
The partners of a limited partnership must complete and sign a certificate of limited partnership,
thus making the partnership legal and binding. An incorrect creation of a limited partnership is
called a
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Tesco And Apple : Business On Your Doorstep
Business on your doorstep In this task I will be looking at my chosen businesses, Tesco and Apple.
The reason I chose Apple is, because it is a worldwide organisation and you can find lots of
information about it, also with Apple it has famous products which are quite easy to talk about. The
reason I chose Tesco is, because it is an organisation that everyone in the UK knows about. Tesco is
also a very big household name, like Apple you can find lots of information on. Both businesses
have similarities and differences which we will find out about when we explore them. In this task I
intend to talk about my two chosen businesses and describe the type of business, purpose and
ownership of the two contrasting businesses.
The First ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Altogether they have 425 retails stores worldwide
http://www.statista.com/statistics/273480/number–of–apple–stores–worldwide–since–2005/ Apple
has many objectives and some of them are as follows
To sell products to customers who have not yet experienced any apple products or never bought
them and would like to help them feel the experience. To provide the products that are hassle free
and will not disappoint the customer so they are put off products from apple and so they can have
enjoyment in using the apple products as well. To become the leading mobile market in the world
and by doing this they can develop products that will take technology to a whole new level. To
launch new products that will intrigue their loyal customers and make them want to buy it at a good
price https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5396287 Apple is in the private sector and is also a public
limited company meaning stocks can be bought on the stock market and they are not owned by the
government. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. Apple is in both the secondary and tertiary
sector as the they create their own products which comes under secondary as they are constructing
the product and they also come under tertiary as they are selling the products to the consumer
instead of selling off the made product they sell it off themselves and this also makes them come

Essay On Corporate Governance
ITC Ltd.'s strategy plan for compliance with the current acceptable standards or norms relative to
social responsibility today is well thought out, especially for a company that sells potentially
dangerous products, and try to meet and listen to all demands and laws in place since the start of
their business. Even though in 2014 a new bill was passed for the majority of companies to build
accountability and also have the government looking over the private sector (Banerjee, 2013). "The
CSR provision requires affected companies to spend at least 2 percent of their average net profits
made in the preceding three years on CSR" (Banerjee, 2013). Even though this bill has caused a lot
of uproar for companies, ITC has actually already been ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This helps the company stay on track and be prepared for new laws that require companies to invest
in CSR. ITC is also a company that makes sure they are taking initiative and being sustainable. The
company has managed to be water positive and a carbon positive company (Ojha, n.d.). The
company has also been able to "reach... animal husbandry services, education services, and self–
help services as part of the efforts of the company to live up to the promise emphasized in its vision"
(Ojha, n.d.). Their environmental initiatives are extremely developed and their social initiatives,
such as forestry, farms, education of farmers and kids are also nicely developed (Ojha, n.d.). This
company's corporate positioning statement says it all: "Enduring Value. For the Nation. For the
Shareholders" (Ojha, n.d.). ITC takes the time to think and plan in order for compliance with current
acceptable standards or norms relative to social responsibility. The organization's strategy plan for
any gaps in social responsibility that might be potential risks to internal and external stakeholders is
challenging, but this company certainly does not allow for corruption. On April 1 "India has become
the only country in the world with legislated corporate social responsibility (CSR) and a spending
threshold of up to $2.5 billion (Rs 15,000

Wills Lifestyle
Acknowledgement
I experience great pleasure to convey my profound sense of respect and gratitude to Ms. Rinku
Kaicker, design head of wills lifestyle giving us the opportunity to come to this company and get
new knowledge and rightful exposure that we students needed.
I would like to thank and appreciate the comments and suggestions given to me by Ms. Vatsala
Verma for her excellent supervision and encouraging discussions that helped us in having a greater
in–look into the project.
I would even like to thank the entire staff of the production department for getting our designs
executed and cooperating with us throughout our internship.
In the end we express our heartfelt gratitude to our faculty, Ms. Vandana Narang and Ms. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over time, the strategic forays into new businesses are expected to garner a significant share of
these emerging high–growth markets in India.
ITC's Agri–Business is one of India's largest exporters of agricultural products. ITC is one of the
country's biggest foreign exchange earners (US $ 3.2 billion in the last decade). The Company's 'e–
Choupal' initiative is enabling Indian agriculture significantly enhance its competitiveness by
empowering Indian farmers through the power of the Internet. This transformational strategy, which
has already become the subject matter of a case study at Harvard Business School, is expected to
progressively create for ITC a huge rural distribution infrastructure, significantly enhancing the
Company's marketing reach.
ITC's wholly owned Information Technology subsidiary, ITC Infotech India Ltd, provides IT
services and solutions to leading global customers. ITC Infotech has carved a niche for itself by
addressing customer challenges through innovative IT solutions.
ITC's production facilities and hotels have won numerous national and international awards for
quality, productivity, safety and environment management systems. ITC was the first company in
India to voluntarily seek a corporate

Btec Business Level 3 Unit 1 P1 Essay
Two businesses on our doorstep NHS Describe the types of business, purpose and ownership of two
contrasting businesses The National Health Service (NHS) is an organisation in the Public sector,
this means that it is provided and funded by the government through taxes, and it provides a service.
It is health care system, provided to anyone regardless of age, race and income; free of charge to
prevent diseases and illnesses. It was founded in 1948 with the aims to improve the quality and
length of life of local people; to provide better services where they are needed most; and to help
people to take more control of their health. Although one of its aims is to provide a service to the
local people, the NHS is a national ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The NHS is in the Tertiary sector as it only provides a service to us; it doesn't collect raw materials
or manufacture them. Local/National/International/Global A business that only operates in one area
would be known to be a local business; they are usually small businesses such as a sole–trader or
partnership and won't be operating in other areas as well. A larger business that operates all over the
country would be known as a national business, they would more likely be PLC's or LTD's; however
they won't have any other branches of their business in any other country. An international business
is a business that operates in more than one country and a global business is a business that operates
all over the world, examples of this include Sony, Nike and McDonalds. NHS only provides health
service to the UK as it is the tax–payers who are keeping it funded, this means that the NHS is only
a National business. Tesco Describe the types of business, purpose and ownership of two contrasting
businesses Tesco is in the Private sector and its purpose is to make a profit by selling groceries and
other home goods to people. Their shops are located all around the UK however it also has stores in
14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America. It was originally a national business from 1919
until 1992 when it opened its first store abroad in Poland. Ownership Tesco is a Public

Montesino Law : Unique And Complex Needs
Montesino Law understands that every business has unique and complex needs. It is important to
take these needs into consideration when deciding what type of business entity is right for your
business. This is where Montesino Law comes in! At Montesino Law, we will guide you through the
network of entity options, while weighing the pros and cons of each class of entity against the needs
of your business. Our only goal is your satisfaction through the upmost legal protection of your
personal and business assets. Here you will find a basic description of some of the most common
forms of business entities as an introduction to Montesino Law's expertise in this area of law. As
Montesino Law is located in Florida, many of our examples will be based on Florida law, yet our
business expertise extends to all fifty States. Sole Proprietorship The vast majority of businesses in
Florida and the United States are referred to as sole proprietorships. These are simply businesses
owned by a single person, with which, there is no legal distinction between the owner of the
business and the business itself. Sole proprietorships are the simplest type of business entity to
create, yet also come with a lot of financial hazards. To set up a sole proprietorship in Florida, one
can simply go into business. The simplicity of creating a sole proprietorship is also reflective of the
taxation, duration, and personal asset liability protection principles that accompany this type of
entity. Unlike the

Formation Of Proprietary Company Essay
Question One The first issue arose on the grounds of factors, which were taken into consideration by
Haili and John at the time of formation of proprietary company rather than Partnership Company. It
can be assumed that in deciding the structure, the features of the two types of companies and both
the positive–negative perspectives of them were given attention before the final mind set. On one
hand, the salient features found under the Partnership heading were as follows: a) Such companies
can be formed through an oral or written agreement, though the written agreement was not
mandatory but common. b) Minimum two persons were required and maximum 10 persons in case
of the banking business and 20 in other types of business. c) The business name must be registered
with ASIC if the name was not under each partner. d) Sharing of profit among the partners was to be
done according to the agreed ratio and vice versa in terms of any losses. On the other hand, the
characteristic of proprietary company were discovered to be as follows: (a) privately held company
that could be either unlimited or limited. (b) Such type of company was known to have a separate
legal entity and as per the decided case of Salomon v Salomon & Company Ltd [1897] , it was,
therefore, distinct from its directors, shareholders, promoters and other members. (c) Governed by a
separate law, so it had right, duties and obligation. As a result, such company can have assets as well
as liabilities and make

Exam 1 Sol
Exam 1 1. Country A is extremely efficient in the mining of tin. However, its climate and terrain
makes it difficult to produce corn. According to the theory of comparative advantage, Country A
should: concentrate its production on tin and buy corn from an efficient producer. 2. Climate and
terrain in several South American countries are conducive to growing coffee efficiently. While other
countries can grow coffee, they are not as efficient and effective at coffee growing because of short
seasons and climate concerns. This fact would lead you to believe that South American countries
have a (n) __________ advantage in the production of coffee. comparative 3. The only deposits of a
rare and sought after mineral known as Yuksporite are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If SmallWorld go bankrupt, Dane and the other stockholders will: Lose their investment but nothing
else. 25. Which of the following is an advantage of franchises? Management and marketing
assistance 26. In a sole proprietorship, the profits earned by the business are: The property of the
owner, except for taxes owed to the government. 27. With respect to taxes, the sole proprietorship:
Pays taxes on the profits of the business, at the owner's personal tax rate. 28. A significant
disadvantage of owning a sole proprietorship is the: Overwhelming time commitment often required
of the owner. 29. Unlimited liability means: When you own your own business you are responsible
for all the business debts. 30. Nick wants to start his own business. Nick should consider a sole
proprietorship if he: Wants to be his own boss and can accept unlimited liability. 31. Javier is the
sole proprietor of a golf shop. Because he is a sole proprietor, any profit Javier's business earns is:
Taxed only as Javier's personal income. 32. In a partnership, a(n) __________ partner (owner)
actively manages the company and has unlimited liability for claims against the firm. general 33. A
partner (owner) who invests money in a business, does not take an active role in managing the
operation, and is only subject to losing the funds he/she invested. Limited partner 34. The limited
liability provided to limited partners means that they are not responsible for the debts of the business

Designing A Rental Car Agency Essay
The name of our company is RelayRydes and we will operate as a rental car agency. We plan to
serve the region New England only. We will also offer all different types of cars and trucks (i.e.,
compact, midsize, luxury). Our rentals will be offered at a competitive rate and the vehicles will be
of better value. We will be located at small regional airports across New England (i.e., BGR
Airport), as well as in major airports in New England (i.e., BOS Airport). 2. This partnership will
continue to operate until all of the partners decide to leave the business or the company dissolves. 3.
RelayRydes, LLC 1486 Northbrook Drive, Cambridge, MA 02138 4. All employees are coming
with no lying contracts from previous jobs. 5. We will allow for higher level employees to make
additional contributions to the business if we see difficult competition nationally, pushing us to
make improvements to our company. 6. Each partner will be required to keep at least $3,000 in their
bank account at all times in case of an emergency. 7. If in a situation a business partner were to
make a thoughtless decision. The two highest level partners will share 50% of the responsibility
while the third and fourth junior party members will be individually responsible, each holding 25%
of the responsibility. 8. The two highest level partners will receive weekly payments of a fixed
income. Junior level partners will receive payments every 6 months, which will be discussed due to
the profit made. 9.

Memorandum of Association
Alteration in Memorandum of Association Corporate law and Islamic ethics Tables of contents
Memorandum of association 2 by Memorandum of company limited shares:– 3 Memorandum of a
company limited by guarantee:– 3 Memorandum of unlimited company:– 5 Printing, signature, etc.,
of memorandum:– 5 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 8 REASONS FOR MAKING ALTERATION
IN MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION. 8 EXAMPLE: 9 PROCEDURE OF AMENDMENT IN
MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION. 10 Check List of Documents required to be submitted with
the application to SECP. 11 Power of Authority when confirming alteration:– 12 Exercise of
discretion by Authority:– 12 Procedure on confirmation of the alteration:– 13 Effect of failure to
register within ninety days:– 14 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Printing, signature, etc., of memorandum:– (1) The memorandum shall be:– (a) printed; (b) divided
into paragraphs numbered consecutively; (c) signed by each subscriber who shall add his present
name and surname in full, any former name or surname in full, his occupation and father's name or,
in the case of a married woman or widow, her husbands or deceased husband's name, in full, his
nationality and, if that nationality is not the nationality of origin, also the nationality of origin, and
his usual residential address in full, in the presence of at least one witness who shall attest the
signature and shall likewise add his father's name or, in the case of a married woman or widow her
husband's or deceased husband's name, in full, as the case may be, address and occupation; and (d)
dated. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Ordinance or in any other law for the time
being in force or the memorandum and articles, the memorandum and articles of a company shall be
deemed to include, and always to have includes, the power to enter into any arrangement for
obtaining loans, advances or credit, as defined in the Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962 (LVII of
1962), and to issue other securities not based on interest for raising resources from a

What Would Happen If We Have Full Freedom Research Paper
What would happen if we had full freedom? What would need to happen to have full freedom?
Freedom means we are free and able to do whatever we desire. We do have freedom as of now, but it
is limited. We have rules and laws in place that are meant to be followed. They are here to protect
the well being of everyone and thing. These laws are not necessarily bad but it just doesn't allow full
freedom to come forth. There are some laws that have been revoked because we realized they were
just plain wrong or it put too much restraint on freedom. The laws we have are not perfect but we
know and allow it because of the benefits. There are some cons to the limits we put on ourselves but
it's for our own good.
If we didn't have the laws we have today ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We need to improve before we improve the world. Once we do that then we would be able to
properly work together for peace and freedom. To do this would mean that other countries improved
themselves too. When this finally happens and we think we are good enough to work with each
other we will try. As we try to work together we realize we can't.
Why? Why can't we work together when we all bettered ourselves. The reason is because we all
improved on ourselves but we did in different ways. We improved in our own beliefs and ideas.
Nothing would have changed we would have our freedom than has been bettered for us not for the
entire world. The conflicts would still be there just like before. The only thing we can do is accept
that we will never have peace between everybody.
The freedom we have is still limited by peace. That doesn't mean we should keep things the same
we still should improve ourselves for our future. We just need to know everyone doesn't have the
same attitude. When we mention freedom everyone thinks of it differently. Our nation definition of
freedom is different than others that why we fight for it. We still fight for our limited freedom. It
may be limited but it's worth fighting for because we believe it the best for

Tax Section 311 Taxability of a Corporation on Dividends
A corporation that distributes property that has appreciated in value must recognize a gain at the
time of distribution. The corporation is treated as if it had sold the property. The gain equals the
property 's fair market value less its adjusted basis. Code Sec. (b). However, the corporation does
not recognize a loss if the property had declined in value. Also, the corporation recognizes no gain
or loss if t distributes its own stock rights to its shareholders. Code Sec. (a). The character of the
recognized gain depends on the property distributed; thus it may be ordinary income, capital gain, or
Section 1231 gain.
An example illustrating this section was the Tax Court, deciding in favor of the IRS, held in Pope &
Talbot, Inc., v. Com, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Tax Court, per Judge Ruwe, issued an order on May 8, 1995, denying Pope & Talbot 's motion
and granting the IRS 's motion. The court 's opinion characterized the issue before it as one of "first
impression," and found resort to the legislative history of the statute necessary since the court was
unable to "achieve...certainty based on the language of the statute." After reviewing the legislative
history of IRC Sec. 311, the court observed the following: It is apparent that the purpose underlying
IRC Sec. 311(d) was to tax the appreciation in value that occurred while the corporation held the
property and to prevent a corporation from avoiding tax on the inherent gain by distributing such
property to its shareholders...It follows that we must focus on the value of the Washington properties
as owned by petitioner and value them as if petitioner had sold them at fair market value at the time
of distribution.
The court also remarked that "theoretically" the partnership could have sold the property at fair
market value and then distributed the proceeds. If this had been done, the court continued, the
shareholders would then have been able to realize a "proportionate share" of the full FMV of the
property distributed.
The court found unpersuasive Pope & Talbot 's argument that the plain meaning of IRC Sec. 311(d)
mandated that distributions of property to shareholders be valued by

Ownership of Topshop and Police
P1
There are two types of businesses, private and public. The difference between public companies and
private companies is their ownership. Private held companies are under control of a single or group
of shareholders when public companies are owned by the government.
[pic]
Ownership of the business
Top shop is operating in private sector. It is a Public Limited Company this means they sell their
shares on the stock exchange and that it's available to the public to purchase shares. Every public
limited business is regulated by law to include a plc at the end of their brand name. Since top shop is
a public limited company it has a limited liability. Limited liability is when the business goes
bankrupt; the owner is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Police
Ownership of the business
It is a Government owned business. They obtain its founds via government founding, this means
that the police does not have to generate any founds within the business. It also means that they have
no control over resources and decision making. This structure allows them to focus on the safety and
improving safety of citizens. Since, the

Marketing
|
Memo
To: Anthony Racka
From:
Date: [ 11/4/2012 ]
Re: Female Purchasing Power
Today, women are the ones who make the choices when coming to making purchasing decisions in a
household. Also, women are gaining control of wealth and purchasing power (Time Magazine, n.d.).
Their spending power can change and should change how businesses market their companies. Places
that may provide cars, electronics and traveling are mostly targeted for men and women that may be
neglected in the development of these products and the marketing. Some businesses are now
marketing towards women as well such as sports businesses. This may be because NFL fans consist
of 44% women (Time Magazine, n.d.), and 50% of products typically marketing to men are ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The best time to promote Victoria's Secret would be in the afternoon, when women are getting home
from work or out of school. They promote with young sexy models wearing their lingerie which
may attract women because they want to look sexy like the models. Victoria's Secret has it owns
Victoria Secret Pressroom (vspressroom.com). This website has information on the latest styles,
seasonal looks news, events and press releases. There are also articles released on trends and styles
in magazines by Victoria's Secret. Lastly, VS has mobile messaging and advertising. They are on
Facebook, Pinterest, having their own apps and they send updates to people who sign up for this.
Some of the strengths of Victoria's Secret are that they are successful in advertising, they grab a
women's attention. It is one of the most preferred brands when dealing with lingerie. The business
also provides a wide variety of products and sizes for women of all ages. Lastly, they have brand
loyalty provided with comfort and style. Victoria's Secret has weaknesses with their prices which
may not be affordable to all women. They also do not provide enough advertising with their clothing
department and they have a lack of stock in stores especially when it comes to bathing suits.
However, Victoria's Secret does gain opportunity because they and known and desired all around the
world (Limited Brands, 2012). They also expanded their target market when opening the PINK
merchandise to bring in

An Example Of A Private Sector Business
Business Organisations Task 1
A private sector business is a business that is part of the economy that is not state controlled. It is
run by individuals and companies who are mainly for profit. These businesses are not owned or
operated by government. An example of a private sector business would be ASDA. Asda Stores
limited is an American owned, British founded supermarket retailer. The company has been a
subsidiary of the American retail company Wal–Mart since July 1999, and is now the second–largest
supermarket chain by market share (Corporate Watch 1996–2014). The company provides normal
goods for the public. They offer service to the public and strive for excellence business. I chose this
example because ASDA is a large company that is aiming for profit and it is a private sector
business.
A public sector business is a business that usually composed of organisations that are owned and
operated by the government (PrivacySense2015).
The primary difference between public and private sector businesses is who they for. Public sector
employees are who those work for government. An example of public sector would be public
schools. The purpose of schools is that they provide education for the young people and public
schools are funded by government to offer education to students. I chose public schools business
they are from public sector and because they use government funding to offer education to the
children. Public schools offer free education and they are

Business Environment Task 1 and Task 2
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT TASK 1 AND TASK 2 a)Identify the purpose of different
organisation giving examples(AC1.1) Sole trader–it's a business that is owned by only one person
and it can have one or more employees. This type of business organization often succeeds because
the owner has total control of businees, the owner keeps all profit and it's cheap to start–up,but also
it can be difficult to raise financial,it may be difficult to specialise or enjoy economies of scale and
can also have problems with continuity if sole trader retires or dies. E.g * Small retailers * Plumbers
* Builders * Beauticians * Internet entrepreneurs * Market traders * Grocers * Butchers
Partenership it's a business that is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
McDonalds, Holiday Inn, Pizza hut etc. Public sector refers to the part of the economy concerned
with providing essential government services. The public sector includes such services as a police,
military public roads, primary education and healthcare for the poor. Advantages: * Prevent
exploitation of the customers * Avoid duplication of resources * Protect jobs and maintain key
industries Disadvantage: * The government controls and runs everything E.g. Metropolitan police,
British army etc. BEN&JERRY Ben&jerry stakeholders include management executive,
chefs, creative artists, staff and brand ambasador. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE * To became a leading
brand amoung dairy product industries TACTICAL OBJECTVE * To employ professionals such as
food and diet specialist,R&D executives and consultant. ETHICAL OBJECTIVE *
Communicated to corporate social responsability and respect the earth and green environment. c)
M1. Explain the responsabilities of an organisation and strategies employed to meet them. ASDA
POLITICAL | ECONOMICAL | SOCIAL | TECHNOLOGICAL | ENVIRONMENTAL |
LEGISLATIVE | Trading policiesEmployment lawTaxation(corporate

Partnership Is An Arrangement Between The Parties And...
Partnership is an arrangement between the parties and cooperates to carry on the business with
mutual benefits and interest. For determining partnership, there must be a valid contract, should
posses mutual rights, agency, interest and obligations with the view of making profit. The
characteristics of partnership are unlimited liability where the members of the company are legally
bound for paying the debt while dissolving of the company. When two or more people enter into a
contract to share the liabilities, risk and profit of a business firm is known as partnership.
Partnership also includes incorporated limited partnership, which means that one of the partners has
limited liability among the various partners involved in the company. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
1) The business should be continuous; it should be carried on in days to come. The transactions
should be carried on and repetitive actions should be implemented. According to Smith v Anderson
[1880]15 Ch D 247, Brett J held that, "the expression carrying on implies a repetition of acts and
excludes the case of an association formed for doing one particular acts and excludes the case of an
association formed for doing one particular act which is never repeated"
Smith v Anderson [1880]15 CH D 247, James l. J defined an ordinary partnership as "a partnership
composed of definite individual, bound together by contract between them to continue combined for
some joint object" .
With the Canny Canny Gabriel Castle Jackson Advertising Pty Ltd v Volume Sales (Finance) Pty
Ltd [1974] HCA 22; (1974) 131 CLR 321 (5 June 1974) case too, the high court made a fair
judgment by making the Canny and volume sales to share the profits, and the policies of joint
venture would result to joint agreement. The parties should be apprehensive about the financial
constancy about each other.
2) The business should be carried on in the view of making earnings and profits. The court adopts
the balance sheet approaches for calculating the proceeds of the business which eventually
concludes loss or profit of the business.
3) Every partners involved in the business should have common objectives and goals for the

Woolworths Strategic Analysis
Introduction
Woolworths Limited is a retail company made up of a range of businesses that provide customers
with quality, range and value. This report focuses on two parts, Woolworths Ltd Strategic analysis
and strategic review in order to provide advise to the Board and Senior Management of Woolworths
to obtain a higher achievement in 2012. In the first part, the report demonstrates analyzing the
business environment by SWOT analysis, key capabilities, major stakeholder interests and
identification of generic business level strategy of supermarket unit. Then the second part provides
analysis on two strategies from internal and external environment and the Corporate Balanced
Scorecard analysis contributing better implement their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This trend also has adverse efforts on consumption.
2.Key capabilities analysis
(A) 2.1Provide products to costumers at competitive prices through multi–channels
For this capability, strong financial support and effective saving processes as fundamental resources
enable Woolworths Ltd to provide products at relatively lower prices. The effective saving processes
include the global sourcing process and direct store deliveries also play an important role to achieve
competitive prices by reducing inventory costs and operating costs. Besides, the long term and good
relationships with suppliers makes Woolworths get this capability to get lower cost products. Then
combining the online network and existing delivery system makes customers purchase more
conveniently. Last, Woolworths Ltd is also engaging in product expansion in different industries.
2.2 Have a social responsible and customer friendly brand image Capability | Valuable | Rare | Non–
substitutable | Costly to imitate | Competitiveness | 1 Provide products to costumers at competitive
prices through multi–channels | √ | √ | × | √ | Sustainability competitive advantage | 2 Have a social
responsible and customer friendly brand image | √ | √ | × | √ | Sustainability competitive advantage |
A good brand image is build by positive name and concepts customers thought about

Business Strategy Of ITC Limited
ITC Limited or ITC is an Indian conglomerate headquartered in Kolkata. Its diversified business
includes five segments: Fast–Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Hotels, Paperboards & Packaging,
Agri Business & Information Technology.
Established in 1910 as the Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited, the company was renamed
as the Indian Tobacco Company Limited in 1970 and further to I.T.C. Limited in 1974.
This company is rated among the 'World's Best Big Companies' by Forbes magazine. ITC ranks
third on all major profit parameters among India's private sector corporations. ITC employs over
20,000 people at more than 60 locations across India. ITC is one of India's foremost private sector
companies with a market capitalization of over US $ 13 billion and a turnover of US $ 3.5 billion.
ITC has a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, growing public concern with regard to the consumption of tobacco has led the
government to ban all sorts of advertisements like the commercials, print media and pamphlets. This
may act as a setback for the company. For the hospitality business, the society is now turning more
towards an individual oriented culture which means that people spend only for themselves. The rise
in the per capita income and the working population in the country is also a good sign for the
company because the number of people willing to spend more on leisure increases with per capita
income.
Technological factors:
ITC came a long way on the technological front. With state of the art factories and cheap labor
supply from the second largest tobacco producing country in the world, India, the supply chain
management of the ITC follows the latest trend. ITC also has the great inventory control and
logistics support. They have also been adapting other quality concepts such as quality control, total
quality management and 6–sigma concepts.
Environmental

Woolworths
1. Executive Summary
The purpose of this report is to provide a strategic analysis of Woolworths in its Australian retailing
and grocery industry. There are some external factors can be affected to Woolworths strategy. To be
analyzed how these factors impact to Woolworths strategies we would use Porter forces five models
as a framework for analysis. They are threats of new entrants and substitute products, rivalry among
competing established competitors, threat of substitutes and bargaining power of Woolworths'
suppliers and customers.
This report also provides the company situation analysis which will be analyzed the internal
environments of Woolworths. In this analysis, we will use SWOT analysis which includes the
strengths, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are some reasons can be explained for this reason. Firstly, Woolworths have a high market
share in the industry. In addition, its business size is very big which includes Australian overall
market and some other foreign markets. A lot of selling stores around Australia are good example.
Moreover, the expensive start–up costs are another barrier for new competitors. Finally, the high
annual profit of Woolworths is hard for others to enter the retail and grocery industry in Australia.
3.2 Rivalry among established companies
The Australian retail and grocery industry has a high level of concentration ratio because the
available of some major competitors competing in the industry such as Woolworths Ltd, Myer or
Coles (Beaumont, 2004). It means Woolworths have a high concentration of market share in the
Australian retail and grocery industry. In addition, the intensity of those strong competitors is
boosting Woolworths Ltd have been continuously creating a competitive advantage. Using effective
strategy such as low price, selling fresh food, and 24 hour delivery service, Woolworths Ltd and its
subsidiaries such as Safeway, Dicksmith and so on are continuously competing with other rivals for
a strong position in the industry (Porter, 1979).
3.3 Bargaining powers of buyers
Woolworth's customers have a highly powerful bargaining power. The reason is most of Woolworths
selling goods are from individual customers. They can

Integrated Watershed Development Essay
* Corporate social responsibility is a form of corporate self–regulation integrated into a business
model. * CSR policy functions as a built–in, self–regulating mechanism whereby business monitors
and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international
norms. * The goal is embrace responsibility for, and encourage a positive impact through its
activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other
members of the public sphere. * Furthermore, CSR–focused businesses would proactively promote
the public interest by encouraging community growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating
practices that harm the public sphere, regardless of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* The carbon credits earned will also be shared with the tribals and farmers, enabling them to
participate in an international carbon market mechanism. Integrated Watershed Development *
Recognizing the vital role that irrigation and water play in the rural economy, ITC supports the
creation of watershed projects in water–stressed areas, providing precious water resources for
agriculture, rural communities and livestock. * Based on a participatory approach that involves local
communities, the programme facilitates building, reviving and maintain water harvesting structures
as well as management of water resources to reverse land degradation, provide critical irrigation and
increase agricultural productivity. Providing Supplementary Education * ITC's supplementary
Learning Centres offer additional coaching that backs up school learning, stemming drop–outs and
enabling more children to complete school. ITC's also supports outreach projects, including mobiles
libraries that foster the reading habit and a 'roaming laptop' programme that promotes computer
skills and interactive learning. Economic Empowerment of Women * ITC's initiatives provide
sustainable economic opportunities to poor women in rural areas by assisting them to form micro–
credit self–help groups that enable them to build

PE Ratio Analysis: ITC Limited
PE Ratio looks at the relationship between the stock price and the earnings of the company.
Therefore, the value of this multiple gives a fair idea of the much market price, an investor can
invest based on the comparable companies. Based on this idea, he can decide whether it is wise to
invest in the company at the current price or not.
This multiple consider the residual income which is available to the shareholders and based on this
multiple the investor will get an idea about the money that investors are willing to pay for every
single rupee earned by the company.
PE takes into account
– Past Performance
– Debt of the company
– Future Growth
– Economic Cycles
EV/EBITDA ratio takes into account the enterprise value of the firm and EBITDA ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
YC Deveshwar
Executive Director , Hospitality and Tourism – Mr. Nakul Anand
Executive Director , Paperboards Paper & Packaging Business – Mr Kurush N. Grant
Executive Director , FMCG Business – Mr. Sanjiv Puri
6.4

How The Pre Tax Loss Will Impact Key Stakeholders Of Tesco...
The worst results in Tesco's history have been announced with the pre–tax reduction of £6.4bn for
the year to the end of February of 2015, which will absolutely impact on the key stakeholders of
Tesco's Plc. Pre–tax is the total amount paid for a good or service before taxes are taken out, which
can be a major factor in purchasing a product or service. (BusinessDictionary n.d.) Stakeholder are
individuals or organisations that are affected by and affect the changes of a business. (Surridge and
Gillespie, 2009:15) The purpose of this essay is to explain and analyse how the pre–tax loss will
impact key stakeholders of Tesco's Plc. First, it will give explanation of stakeholder theory.
Secondly, it will explain plc as a legal structure and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Stakeholdermap n.d.) Stakeholders can be classified into two categories, which are internal
stakeholders and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are participators in the management of
the company who are highly affected by the performance of the company and have vested interest in
the business. (Surbhi, 2015) However, external stakeholders are not a part of the management so
they may or may not be directly affected by the activities of business but use some publicly
available information to meet their needs. (DifferenceBetween, n.d., 2013)
Plc which means a public limited company is a large type of company that has at least £50,000 of
share capital and have their shares traded on the stock market. (Ashwin et al., 2008:63) This means
that these companies have the potential to raise significantly more capital by selling the shares.
(Brewer, Hammond and Marcous, 2004: 103)
As one of the world's largest retailers, Tesco's plc serves millions of customers a week in stores and
online. Tesco's operations in the UK with over 3500 stores and over 310,000 colleagues has
strengthened the foundations of the UK business,and it is now expediting plans to offer customers
with sharper prices, improved quality, stronger ranges and better service. Tesco is not only a grocery
store but also a multichannel retailer, such as Tesco Mobile, offering customers a wide range of
products and services to meet their requirements. (tescoplc n.d.) At the

A Report On Woolworths Limited
Introduction
Woolworths Limited is a big Australian company with vast retail interest throughout Australia and
New Zealand. It is the second largest company in Australia by earnings and the second largest in
New Zealand. furthermore, Woolworths Limited is the biggest takeaway liquor retailer in Australia
and the largest retailer in the world dated in 2008.
Zerella is one of Woolworths suppliers which has been renowned as Australia's leading producers in
potatoes, onions and pumpkins. It has been shown to everyone that this business has taken
advantage of workers into working below the minimum wage, working in an appalling environment
and being threatened to have any contact or relation with the union. All of these allegations are
illegal and unethical in Society.
Unethical situation
A supplier to Woolworths a large supermarket has paid workers a very small amount of money for
working up to 72 hours a week and threatened they would be replaced by machines to do their job if
they were to sign up with the union. There were accusations of unlawful management and serious
breaches of Woolworths ' own ethical policy.
"We believe in earning our customers' trust by acting responsibly and doing the right thing for our
people, our customers, our communities and we expect the same from our suppliers.
Woolworths is committed to upholding human rights, not only with respect to its own employees but
also for workers in its supply chain. Our Ethical Sourcing Policy encompasses

Part Time Indian Comparison
When kids are younger, they are told that being different is good. And it is, sometimes. A lot of
people are different. But, at other times, being different can limit your chances. This is shown in the
novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part Time Indian. This novel is about a boy named Junior that
is different than the rest of his peers. He is the only Indian going to an all white school. Some of his
experiences there show that being different isn't all that good, sometimes. The book, The Absolutely
True Diary of a Part Time Indian, by Sherman Alexie, and the article, "Adding a Disability
Perspective When Reading Adolescent Literature" both portray how being different can limit
someone's chances and opportunities. The definition of "different" ... Show more content on
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The book shows how being different, like Gordy and Junior are, can limit your chances. Junior is
bullied just because he is not of the same race as the rest of the people in the school. He is the only
Native American in the school. He is different, and this limits his chances. As Junior's friend Gordy
said, weird people still get banished. Junior was shunned by about the entire school when he first got
there. The article was very similar, in the making clear that the Indians were determined different,
and their chances were being limited because they were on the rez, separated from the rest of
society. This relates to Junior because he was considered different by the rest of the school because
he lived on the rez. All things considered, the article and the book are very similar, in that they both
show that people who are different don't have as many chances as someone who is considered
normal by

Brief History Of ITC Limited
ITC Limited or ITC is an Indian aggregate headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal. Its differentiated
business incorporates five fragments: Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), Hotels, Paperboards
and Packaging, Agri Business and Information Technology.
Set up in 1910 as the Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited, the organization was renamed as
the Indian Tobacco Company Limited in 1970 and further to I.T.C. Constrained in 1974. The periods
in the name were uprooted in September 2001 for the organization to be renamed as ITC Ltd.The
organization finished 100 years in 2010 and starting 2012–13, had a yearly turnover of US$8.31
billion and a business sector capitalisation of US$45 billion. It utilizes more than 25,000 individuals
at more than 60 areas crosswise over India and is a piece of Forbes 2000 rundown.
History & Evolution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the Company's proprietorship effectively Indianised, the name of the Company was changed
from Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited to India Tobacco Company Limited in 1970 and
after that to I.T.C. Obliged in 1974. In insistence of the Company's multi–business portfolio joining
an expansive arrangement of affiliations – Fast Moving Consumer Goods including Foods, Personal
Care, Cigarettes and Cigars, Branded Apparel, Education and Stationery Products, Incense Sticks
and Safety Matches, Hotels, Paperboards and Specialty Papers, Packaging, Agri–Business and
Information Technology – the full stops in the Company's name were evacuated persuading
September 18, 2001. The Company now stands rechristened 'ITC Limited,'where "ITC" is today no
more an acronym or an initialised

The Current Unlimited Data Plans
Unlimited data plans undoubtedly encourage increased data usage and most likely challenge
network capacity, requiring higher investments by operators to avoid network congestion. The
introduction of data–use pricing model will regulate this issue, and reduce network enhancements to
match increasing data usage, therefore reducing network expenses for KableCom. The current
unlimited data plan however convenient, for the customers, has a downside to KableCom. The
increased use has been brought about by customers watching music and movies, playing online
games, participating in video phone calls and otherwise performing activities using media tablets
over the network. This has created issues of KableCom potentially running out of bandwidth
available for customers, resulting in outages and delays.
Therefore, necessary for KableCom to implement data caps and migrate from unlimited data plans
to data–use pricing model, however, many plans shall still have unlimited talk and texts. The
network should also be pulled down from 4G to 2G (Internet throttling) and limit downloads to 2GB
per month. One potential solution under consideration by KableCom is allowing content providers
or app developers to pay carriers so that their services do not count against a customer's monthly
data limit and essentially buying traffic for their content. However, the Internet is designed for all
content and services to be treated equally. Because this solution would give KableCom an unfair
advantage over

A Brief Note On Itc Limited And Itc
Introduction of ITC
ITC Limited or ITC is an Indian headquarter in Kolkata, India. Its diversified business includes five
segments: "Fast Moving Consumer Goods, Hotels, Paperboards, Packaging and Agri Business". In
2012–13, annual turnover was $ 8.31 billion and at the end of the same year, its capitalization was
US$ 45 billion. It employs over 26,000 people at more than 60 locations across India and is part of
Forbes 2000 list. Company has been in scandals regarding funding of Political Party to gain
monopoly in Indian Cigarette market.
ITC claims" that it is the "on1y company" in the world of advanced dimensions to be Carbon
Positive, Water Positive and Solid Waste Recycling Positive.
ITC Limited has completed 100 years on 24 August 2010.
The earlier decades of the company activities centered on the tobacco industries. Since 1964
conclusive evidence of the deadly effects of tobacco consumption has 1ed to a sharp decline in
official support for producers and manufacturers of tobacco, in spite of its 1arge contribution to the
agriculture, fiscal, manufacturing and exporting sectors of the economy. Viewing the changes in the
business dynamics in the tobacco industry, the company starting looking to other venues for earning
revenue. In 1970's, it started reducing the foreign equity holding in the company to 40%. In 1975,
the company enters the hotel business with the acquisition of a hotel in Chennai which was rejoined
'ITC–Welcomgroup hotel Chola'.
In 1979, ITC started the

Itc Limited: Mission And Mission Of Itc Limited
ITC Limited or ITC is an Indian conglomerate established in 1910 and headquartered in Kolkata,
West Bengal. ITC is one of India's foremost enterprise in FMCG sector with an umbrella of brands.
Its market capitalisation is US $50 billion and a turnover of US $ 8 billion. ITC is considered one of
the best big companies and one of the world's most reputable companies.ITC's aspiration to create
value for the nation and its stakeholders is evident from its diverse and robust portfolio
encompassing Fast moving consumer goods (FMCG), Hotels, Paperboards, Packaging, Agri–
Business and Information Technology.
Within a short span of time, ITC has established itself as a market leader and many brands have
become a household name like Ashirvaad, Sunfeast, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By presenting current, inventive, multi–modular coordination's answers for customers over all
businesses, ITC is conveying modified arrangements with un–paralleled effectiveness.
ITC is set to wind up plainly the business pioneer for giving productive and imaginative answers for
Trucking, Freight Handling, Distribution, Supply Chain Management and Third–Party Logistics.
Media Partner: Maxus is the ITC media partner, sets up specialized Team ITC to service account.
Investors of ITC: Top Down Source: moneycontrol.com
ITC is focused on cultivating solid business connections by giving best in class offices lined up with
the necessities and needs of our customers.
We will probably fabricate durable organizations together with our clients, making our business an
augmentation of your business. By giving solid administration and support to customers, we
persistently advance the customer's best advantage and ensure the customer's prosperity turned into
our prosperity.
Some of the key client partner of ITC:
National Fertilizer Marketing Ltd.
Utility Stores Corporation Ltd.
Trading Corporation of Pakistan
Pakistan Steel

The Issues Of Companies Act Of 2006
LITERATURE REVIEW INTRODUCTION This chapter evaluates the features of disputes related
to shareholders in private companies with regard to the Companies Act of 2006. The chapter will
also discuss empirical research as well as its findings related to the Companies Act of 2006 coupled
with various disputes and arguments related with it. It will include various claims with regard to the
nature of such disputes and arguments along with the evidence available. Contemporary literature
states that private companies are mostly established based on personal relationships and mutual trust
of shareholders. In case there is any breakdown in shareholders' relationships, then disputes may
happen and these are known to be called as "exit disputes". This ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
THE COMPANY ACT 2006 Provisions such as limited liability on part of auditors, increased
interest for shareholders, etc. are part of the Companies Act of 2006 in the UK. This Act includes
limited liability by contract with regard to such an amount which is deemed reasonable and fair in
all circumstances (Coffee, 2007). In the last few years, changes have been brought in terms of the
legal regime in the UK's governance system. For instance, since 1989, firms in the UK have been
able to incorporate, in that the firms can form limited liability partnerships, wherein they can protect
all the partners from any kind of personal bankruptcy unless the partners were responsible
personally in any kind of faulty opinion in terms of audit. Nonetheless, firms in the UK have
continued to choose abandoning the joint responsibility option for lucrative limited liability regime
(Hicks, 2008). The firms in the UK have used the case of Arthur Anderson LLP to modify and
reform joint and several liability based on two arguments and these were – collapse of a major firm
under the pressure of aforementioned liability may leave the market concentrated; and liability risk
can be considered as a barrier in terms of smaller firms who attempt to enter a concentrated market.
Within the context of limited liability, there are more unique kinds of liabilities which are deemed to
be missing from the Act

Achieving Healthful Digital Diet
According to the article "Achieving a Healthful Digital Diet", parents should balance the limitation
of using digital devices for their kids. An expert suggested that parents should not provide children
with screens to quiet them up. The article says that, the digital use for children is basically used for
entertainment. There should be a balanced diet for the young people between entertainment use and
educational use. It is also important to limit multitasking while studying. Multitasking is not helpful
at all, because it prevents young people from being focused. Finally, one expert suggests that young
kids shouldn't be given smartphones just to keep them quiet, and even elder ones should just be
given simple phones. The most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An email or a text message can cause a block in my brain that doesn't let me focus. Sometimes when
I am reading and I receive an email, I have to go back and read the chapter from beginning because I
lose attention. Therefore, I feel the article is correct that there should be a limit on multitasking
while studying. In addition, many people nowadays find it helpful to listen to music while reading or
doing homework because it can relax the brain. Although, they might find it helpful, I completely do
not agree that this is helpful for the brain. Multitasking can cause the brain to overload. Kids should
challenge themselves to stay away from multitasking. One example is my cousin who loves to read
while listening to music. Before he went to eleventh grade in high school, he had a simple phone.
When he went to eleventh grade his parents bought him an iPhone for his birthday. From then on he
started listening to music with headsets while reading or doing homework at home. He didn't notice
that the music was preventing him staying focused. When the grading period ended his parents
noticed that his grades dropped drastically. Soon enough his parents took away his phone and he
started doing well in school again. This is also shown in the article that multitasking is not helpful at
all. In conclusion, electronic devices used for entertainment should be limited in today's society.
People should start to have a diet in their digital technology use.

The Structure Of Partnership And A Corporation
This essay states that a business using the business structures of a partnership is different from a
business using the business of a corporation in following ways from the listed content. Also,
advantages and disadvantages of these two structure will be compared.
1. Objectives
2.Liability .
3.Continuity of existence
4.Limits on size
5.Formation & Costs
6.Auditors
7.Taxation
1. Objectives
There are some differences between the objectives of the structures of partnership and a corporation.
Firstly, intention of a partnership is making a profit. Partnership is the relation which maintain
running a business between persons with a same goal of profit and includes an incorporated limited
partnership. However, the relation between the person who was involved in the company or league
is either incorporated under the Corporations Law or abide by one of following laws – the Act of
Parliament, letter patent or Royal Charter is not a partnership this Act meaning for. In terms of a
corporation, it is not only confined in its objectives of profit but also more than for profit. In
addition, it shows that a person who carry on business of a body corporate has more profit of who
involved in the body.
2.Liability
In a partnership, each of the partners have unlimited liability for the debts of the business
partnership. Partnership can be created only at least one person has unlimited liability, giving
semblable protection as owners of a corporation. A partnership is not a

What Are The Importance Of Freedom Of Speech
Imagine a school free of disruptions. Free of bullying and harassment. That's what all students and
teachers want, right? Report to school every day,get a proper education. But that's not the case in all
schools. Some students are not able to learn during the school day. They may get distracted by going
off topic in class or get disturbed by what someone is wearing. If their freedom of speech is limited,
students will actually be able to learn. Freedom of speech should have limits because it increases
education time, it allows kids to prepare for the future, and it limits bullying and harassment. Firstly,
freedom of speech should have limits because it increases education time. For example, students can
lose up to 38 days a year due to disruptions in class and about 1 hour per day (Al.com). Teenagers
report to school to get an education and learn for the future, they do not show up at school to talk to
everyone the entire day. Due of talking, they lose class time and they do not get much done. If
freedom of speech is limited students will be able to learn more. Also if another peer is wearing
something that is very distracting, this will disrupt the class. For example, the Tinker v.s Des Moines
Independent Community School District case was about students wearing armbands to support the
Vietnam War. The appearance of the armband distracted their peers from their work. The school was
able to discipline the students wearing the bands . ("Tinker v.

This paper examines the type of corporation which meets...
This paper examines the type of corporation which meets James's best interest. Abstract
This paper examines the type of corporation which meets James's best interest. A company can be
set up with or without shares available to the public, divided into the public company which is
expensive to obtain and maintain, and the private company which is appreciated by most businesses
to begin with. Also, there are limited and unlimited companies. In addition, a company can be
classified as limited by guarantee or limited by capital shares which are in most companies' favour.
These are governed in the main by the Companies Act 1985 and relevant case law.
Introduction
There are several types of company. The most common company ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This advantage also makes it easier to bring in outside investors and partners, and transfer
ownership.
Salomon v. Salomon Co. 1897 is a case in point. Salomon had run a successful business for many
years as a boot merchant. In 1892, he decided to take advantage of incorporated status, and convert
his business into Limited Liability Company. To do this he set up a
Limited Company, which he called Salomon & Co. Ltd, and made himself and members of his
family shareholders in the business, with himself as the majority shareholder and Managing
Director, thus retaining control of the company.
As a separate legal entity, Mr. Salomon then sold his merchant leather business to Salomon & Co
Ltd for £39,000, which in 1892 was far in excess of its real value. Mr. Salomon took payment from
the company in the form of £10,000 in cash, £1in 10,000 shares and the remaining £9,000 he left in
the business as a loan to the company, which he secured against assets of the business.
Within months the company ran into trouble, and within a year went into liquidation. Even though it
would mean suppliers and employees who were owed money would go unpaid, Mr. Salomon
claimed his secured loan back from the company.
When the case went to court, even though it was plain to see that Mr.
Salomon was the business in reality, in the eyes of the law he was a shareholder and private
individual, who had leant this company in

Hnc Bus Law Outcome 3 Assessment
1)
The three main types of business are:
* Sole Trader – Consists of a single sole owner who owns all the assets of the business and which
has no legal incorporation. The owner has unlimited liability of the business. * Partnership – Similar
to a sole trader except there are more than one owner (normally 2–20). Partnership is a contractual
agreement under a contact uberrimae fidel (utmost good faith). Owners are 'jointly and severally'
liable and liability is unlimited. * Private (Ltd) and Public (PLC) Limited Companies – Limited
companies are legal entities in their own right and have a formal incorporation process. Owners
(shareholders) have limited liability.
2)
Sole Traders
The main advantage of setting up as a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it is worth noting that a lot of the time and effort associated with forming a limited
company can be negated by buying an 'off–the–shelf' company or by using a reputable company
registration agent.
For a public limited company (PLC) it is also compulsory, under the Companies Act 1985, to have a
trading certificate in order to commence trading, this is issued once a minimum share capital value
of £50,000 has been established.
In setting up a limited company, it has the immediate benefit of being able to raise capital much
more easily than a sole trader or partnership either by banks normally being more willing to lend or
by selling shares (this is especially the case for PLCs being able to sell shares publicly)
3)
In setting up business as a partnership, Gurpreet and Samuel will first want to draw up a Partnership
Agreement to clarify the structure of the partnership , for example each partner's responsibilities.
This will be important in helping to avoid conflict in the future as well as help to resolve disputes.
As set out in the Partnership Act 1890 each partner, in principle, will have the authority to enter the
partnership into agreements and contracts.

All partners are jointly and severally liable for all the debts and actions of the partnership. This
means that each partner is liable for any debts or actions even if caused by the other

An Organization Is An Arrangement Of People, Pursuing...
Organization An organization is an arrangement of people, pursuing common goals, achieving
results and standards of performance. There are many different types of organisations that are set up
to serve a number of different purposes and to meet a variety of needs. They come in all
forms,shapes and size. Size can be measured in many ways, for example, the numbers of staff,
number of branches sales revenue each year, number of customers and market share. So there are
large, medium and small businesses. The type of activities which individual businesses are involved
in varies depending upon their product. There are three levels of economic activity. They are
primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. Organisation can be categorized by legal
structure. They are sole trader, partnershiop, private or public company, government, voluntary
organisation, co–operative, charitable and not–for–profit organisations and franchise. Fashion
Queen Elsa is a small business because it normally employs less than 200 people. It is a tertiary
sector because it includes not only products but also services. As it is owned by one person and run
by a few people, it is a sole trader. Sole Traders Sole traders are single individuals carrying on a
business on their own. Such businesses are usually small although large ones with some managerial
delegation do exist. The advantages of being a sole trader are as follows (a) No formal procedures
needed to begin trading (b) Independence and

ITC: Imperial Tobacco Company Of India Limited
[pic] ITC was incorporated on August 24, 1910 under the name of 'Imperial Tobacco Company of
India Limited'. Its beginnings were humble. A leased office on Radha Bazar Lane, Kolkata, was the
centre of the Company's existence. The Company celebrated its 16th birthday on August 24, 1926,
by purchasing the plot of land situated at 37, Chowringhee, (now renamed J.L. Nehru Road)
Kolkata, for the sum of Rs 310,000. This decision of the Company was historic in more ways than
one. It was to mark the beginning of a long and eventful journey into India's future. The Company's
headquarter building, 'Virginia House', which came up on that plot of land two years later, would go
on to become one of Kolkata's most venerated landmarks. The Company's ... Show more content on
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With its wide range of invaluable brands, it has a leadership position in every segment of the market.
It's highly popular portfolio of brands includes Insignia, India Kings, Classic, Gold Flake, Silk Cut,
Navy Cut, Scissors, Capstan, Berkeley, Bristol and Flake. The Company has been able to build on
its leadership position because of its single minded focus on value creation for the consumer through
significant investments in product design, innovation, manufacturing technology, quality, marketing
and distribution. All initiatives are therefore worked upon with the intent to fortify market standing
in the long term. This in turns aids in designing products which are contemporary and relevant to the
changing attitudes and evolving socio economic profile of the country. This strategic focus on the
consumer has paid ITC handsome dividends. ITC's pursuit of international competitiveness is
reflected in its initiatives in the overseas markets. In the extremely competitive US market, ITC
offers high–quality, value–priced cigarettes and Roll–your–own solutions. In West Asia, ITC has
become a key player in the GCC markets through growing volumes of its brands ITC's cigarettes are
produced in its state–of–the–art factories at Bengaluru, Munger, Saharanpur and Kolkata. These
factories are known for their high levels of quality, contemporary technology and work
environment. FOOD PRODUCTS: ITC made its entry into the

Limited Partnership : A Partnership
Limited Partnership
A limited partnership is similar to a general partnership. It does have several key differences. While
a general partnership has to have at least 2 general partners a limited partnership has to have at least
1 general partner and 1 limited partner. A limited partner does not run the business. A limited partner
is similar to an investor or shareholder. A limited partnership also should have a partnership
agreement between the general and limited partners.It can be an oral or a written agreement. This
partnership agreement can contain for example; how the business will be conducted,distribution of
labor or how profits are divided.The partnership has to be registered with the Secretary of State
where the business is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The partners show their parts of the income or losses and business deductions of the partnership on
their respective personal income tax returns, and each pays taxes on that portion,that is call flow
through. General partners also file a tax reporting information return with the IRS. Limited partners
tax liability will never be more than their initial investment.
Longevity: Since limited partners are investors in the partnership agreement between them and the
general partners there is usually a buy out provision contained in the agreement but not always.
Even if a limited partner decides to leave the business the business still continues. The general
partners longevity is as long as they have a desire to continue to participate in the business. The
written agreement should of course also contain instructions on what is to be done if a general
partner dies,is incapacitated or just simply wants to be bought out of the business.
Control: Limited partners do not participate in any day to day operations of the business.If the
limited partners wish to participate in the day to day operations of the business this can jeopardize
their limited partnership. Since the limited partners are not running the business,they should have
detailed knowledge on the general partners expertise and reputations in running a particular business
prior to making any investments in the business. General partners are the core management structure

Merit 1 – Compare and Contrast Two Businesses
Merit 1 – Compare and Contrast two businesses
For this assignment I am going to compare and contrast two selected businesses.
I will concentrate on their ownership and their aims and objectives.
My first business is Tesco the biggest retail company in Britain. My second business is McDonald's
one of the largest franchise fast food outlets in the world.
The aim of McDonald's is to serve good food in a friendly and fun environment and to provide good
returns to their share holders. So the purpose of McDonald's is to satisfy their customer with high
quality of food, quick service and value for money.
The purpose of Tesco is to sell every day necessities to the whole population such as food, clothes,
electric goods such as well as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A plc has more chance to become successfully. The company produce goods at lower unit cost and
has bulk purchasing and cheaper borrowing.
Another advantage of a franchise is that you use a recognized business name and reputation also the
franchise benefit from advertising or promoting. The franchise has to share all the profit with the
franchisor while Tesco which is a public limited company have to share their profit between a great
numbers of people. Shares can be advertised and sold through the stock exchange. Another
advantage of a public limited company it has more chance to become successful because they have
thousand people who working for it, with many skills, idea and experiences. Franchisee is different
from a public limited company has it is dependent on the franchisor skills. If the franchisor goes out
of business or gets a bad reputation, this will cause problems in the business.
One of the key similarities between these two types of ownership is liability. The franchise and
public limited company have limited liability. This means protections of their shareholder from
losing their personal finances if the company goes bankrupt. If the company fail they only lose their
invested money in the business. If business wants to become a limited liability can it be complicated
and expensive to set the business, decisions can take longer and it takes a lot of legal requirements.
McDonald's is a large company because it is run as a franchise so

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