Benefits of NASA's Mars Mission Plans

Nars Pros And Cons
Mars, observed by the average person with a telescoped but greatly observed by many astronomers, hasn't yet felt the touch of a human's foot. A group
that goes by the name "National Aeronautics and Space Administration" [NASA], plans to change this between the 2030's and the 2040's by sending a
team of astronauts on a journey to Mars. The many difficulties behind the mission, however, are greatly being put into consideration byNASA, and are
also planning ahead to prevent such difficulties. In brief, the difficulties begin with the spacecraft needed for the trip, not to mention the return to Earth,
the health of the astronauts [physically and mentally], and even the research that is needed to put every aspect together. As time proceeds ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This vehicle is actually already built, NASA refers to the spacecraft as Orion. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration team has already
tested Orion [unmanned] on December 4th, 2014; the research gathered after the test is very informational. NASA had been able to calculate many
factors upon arrival and departure, such as landing speed, as well as how much heat the ship can withstand. When arriving from space to Earth after
the test flight, Orion's eleven parachutes had slowed the spacecraft to twenty miles per hour before landing in the Pacific Ocean, however, the initial
velocity of Orion was only eighty percent of what the arrival from the Mars journey will be. The heat shield of the ship was also tested and was
concluded to be able to hold a temperature of 4000 degrees Fahrenheit.
The Mars mission, however, will not be the only mission that Orion will be involved in. Some time throughout the upcoming years of the 2020's,
NASA plans to send their new spaceship, along with new highly developed robotics technology, to move an asteroid into Earth's Moon's orbit. By
the year of 2021 Orion may see its first astronauts, the idea of this is to have a team of astronauts tests the required Mars essentials such as Mars
space suits and even a proper spacewalk. The testing will occur around areas of the Moon also known as cislunar space. If all goes accordingly, NASA
will intend on launching
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Developing Wireless Communications to Space Essay
A big potential problem in the future is developing a wireless communications network in outer space. In this paper we will discuss the problems
presented with this and the potential solutions to these problems using existing and some futuristic technology. We have broke this into two main parts,
one being earth to satellite to planet and back, and the other being planetary ground transmission to and from astronauts to rovers to space stations.
The solution has already started being implemented and will continue rapidly into the near future. It is called the Interplanetary Internet. As of now it is
an array of floating 'nodes' or satellites scattered around in space that can communicate with each other. In the future a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
On the earth we are only separated from one another by fractions of a second. From earth to mars the average transmission time is 30–45 minutes. That
would feel like light–years trying to download tracks to your iPod.
In order to make this work a massive system of satellites needs to be implemented. These satellites will serve as 'net gateways' with the purpose of
conveying data packets. Each piece of equipment will have its own IPN address, or .mars domain name. They will serve as nodes, operating on a
packet switched network.
Some major possible problems include lag, weak signal, and reduced bandwidth. The solution to all of these lies in a new IPN protocol being
developed. This protocol, along with high precision equipment, will help to eliminated all of these. The protocol has changed in two major ways
from our own TCP/IP protocol. This first is a packet delivery scheme that won't clog the system by resending missing packets. IPN instead keeps track
of arriving packets and then requesting missing ones at the end of delivery. The second is the packet headers will use only one tenth as much
bandwidth as TCP/IP. Back on earth there will be gateways to translate.
Another big problem with the Interplanetary Internet is speed. Using our current technology the top speed for sending data from a satellite orbiting
mars to earth is 250 kbps. Down on mars, in a dusty unknown atmosphere with not much power, this is more like 10 kbps. The solution

Analysis Of The Film Gravity
I want to start by recognizing that in my earlier film papers I have made the mistake of summarizing all of the science in each of the films from start
to finish. By doing so my paper essentially became a summary of the film rather than an explanation of the science found within it. To avoid repeating
these mistakes I would like to focus on a few scientific concepts that I found interesting in this film, Gravity. The first, and likely most obvious is the
concept of surviving in space. Second, the concept of floating freely in space. Third, the concept of decomposition in the zero–gravity atmosphere of
space. And fourth, the part of the movie where lieutenant Kowalski propels himself with a fire extinguisher. I believe thatIsaac Newton's three laws can
help me to explain these concepts. Gravity was a thrilling film that showed a situation in which astronauts were stranded in space without a spacecraft
or any means of communication. The surviving astronauts had to fight for their lives in theoretically hardly survivable and unlivable conditions. The
main dilemma, and theme of the entire film, was the destruction of the International Space Station (ISS) and most of the astronauts on board. Russia
launched a missile into space to destroy one of their satellites. This turned into a problem when the launch was successful, but the target was missed
and the mission failed. Debris was left spiraling through space at a rapid pace. Dr. Ryan Stone survived the destruction along with

Persuasive Essay On Space Exploration
News of rapid climate changes and the destruction of Earth's ozone layers has been a diminishing topic that individuals push away. However, space
exploration accounts for roughly one percent of the destruction of Earth's ozone layers; it proves to be beneficial for human survival. As a rocket takes
off to go into space, rocket fuel is emitted into the earth's atmosphere which destroys the ozone layer; it protects the Earth from the suns deadly rays.
Rocket fuel, however, only contributes a small amount to the ozone depletion; space exploration contributes far more than what is lost during takeoff.
Space travel has been proven to benefit Earth's environment by monitoring water quality, understanding the Earth's weather patterns, and improving the
lifespan of plants. Water on Earth makes up to 70 percent of the planet, but only 2.5 percent of water is available for humans to drink. This makes
water monitoring from space crucial for human survival. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the leading space
exploration funded by the government, "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) took the data from HICO (Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal
Ocean) and developed a smartphone application to help determine hazardous concentrations of contaminants in water" (NASA). In fact, HICO has
monitored harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie which is a main source of drinking water for millions of residents. HICO saved thousands, if not millions
of lives from

Danger And Cleanup Of Orbital Debris
Danger And Cleanup Of Orbital Debris Orbital debris, which are different than space debri, pose a threat to space missions and astronauts. Manny
previous missions have left orbital debris in their wake. Most of the debris are left up there until they are pulled toward earth by gravity and then
destroyed by earth 's atmosphere. Until then the space junk is left to orbit around the earth. The amount of debri continues to grow quicker than the
earth can destroy it. Leaving the debri to sit up there unchecked poses dangers for astronauts and space missions both current and future. There are
several solutions that scientists have come up with that could help reduce the danger of space debris. Orbital debris are specifically the man made
objects that follow a path of orbit around the earth (NASA, 2013). Orbital debris differ from satellites in that they no longer serve a working purpose,
making them essentially space junk (NASA, 2013). Orbital debris can sometimes be confused with space debris. The term space debris encompases
anyting that is wandering about space or orbiting around something like the sun, manmade or not (NASA, 2013). Things like meteorites and man made
objects that are not in orbit around earth (NASA, 2013). While orbital debris only includes man made, unusefull things, that are in orbit around the
earth (NASA, 2013). The orbital space junk can wind up floating around the earth in a couple of different ways. One of the most common ways that it
can get up there

Conclusion On Space Exploration
ABSTRACT Space travel has become a growing event in the world and has assisted in advancing our knowledge as well as providing information
about the solar system. As the human race continues to grow, the need for resources continues to grow as well and finding new places to inhabit as
well as being able to find new resources is becoming more important. The issue that needs to be addressed currently is the air quality onboard the
space habitats, stations and vehicles. There have been advancements in that section, but new challenges arise that have negative impacts on the crew.
Despite these issues, however, there is not an immediate need to stop space exploration as long as these issues are being worked on.
INTRODUCTION Space travel has become an event of growing importance since the first venture in the late 1950s. Humans are driven to explore
the unknown, discover new worlds, and push the boundaries of scientific and technical limits [1]. Space exploration can feed the human knowledge
base as well as open the doors for new resources that can potentially be gathered from other worlds. However, this poses a challenge for the people
who man the space vehicles during an expedition. Though the technology has improved significantly towards the removal of most harmful gases, there
are still issues with air quality on board these celestial habitats such as trace contaminants from equipment and microorganisms. DISCUSSION Air
quality on earth is controlled by the earth's

Human And Technical Factors Behind The Soyuz 1971 Space...
Aims In this report I want to investigate the human and technical factors behind the Soyuz 1971 space disasters and investigate the deaths of the crew.
Understanding how this sort if disaster can be prevented, and looking at the steps taken as a result and assessing their effectiveness. Introduction 3
crew members departed the 11th Soyuz Soviet Union mission on 6th June 1971. This was the first manned Soyuz spaceflight to dock a space station.
The mission ended in disaster upon re–entry, caused by rapid–decompression of the decent module, with the crew being the only people to have ever
died in space (1). Description The Soyuz 11 was launched on the 6th of June 1971 and boarded the space station the Salyut 1 the next day, this was the
first time in recorded history that a space station had been manned, upon the end of the mission the Soyuz 11 returned to earth, however all three
cosmonauts were found dead in the decent capsule post–landing due to an air valve falling too close upon de–orbit, causing huge mass decompression
within the module. It was more than two years until the Soviet Union sent another manned mission, and no–one has ever returned to Salyut 1. (11)
Initially the deaths of the cosmonauts were a mystery. There were three main theories (9) one being heart failure, as it had been noticed in 1969 (16)
during a 9–day flight the monkey Bonny aboard the U.S. Biosatellite 3 died of heart failure– caused by the heart becoming lazy after an extended
period of

Benefit Of The International Space Station
Benefits of the International Space Station to Earth Space is a place where no ground can be felt, sound can't be heard, and every direction is endless
darkness. There are people who spend their lives studying space and how it differs from Earth. With the help of experts from 15 nations, The
International Space Station (ISS) has been built. The space station travels in our orbit at 17,500 miles per hour and orbits the earth every ninety
minutes. The ISS gives scientists a better understanding of how life works in zero–gravity.
The space station was not always there. It took about thirteen years to complete, and it all started in 1984. "On January 25, 1984, President Ronald
Reagan's State of the Union Address directed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to build an international space station within
the next 10 years." (History and Timeline). That was the first time anyone had ever heard of a space station and they had no idea what it could be
used for. In November of 1998, Russia launched the Russian Zarya control module into orbit which the first piece of the ISS. (History and Timeline)
Technology was not the greatest back then so it took another two years for the station to be suitable for people to live on it. It is not easy to get parts
and payloads to the space station. To get a shuttle up to the ISS, scientists must make extreme calculations and time every move made precisely. to
match the speed and position of the space station. The first crew

The Great Cause: A Short Story
THE GREAT CAUSE
Have you ever look up at space and wondered "what it like up there?" Well, for me, it was not fun. Ever since 2016 I wondered the same thing. When
2036 came along I had a chance to see for myself what space was like but at a small cost. SRLP had lost a space station to a mysterious, unidentified
enemy. And that is where the adventure began.........
It was a peaceful night. I had gotten out of bed to go for a night walk. I had a nice view of all the stars. I was in the middle of nowhere – that was
literally the name of the location– at SRLP or space rocket launch pad. I was about to go into space and I was nerves. But I had a mission to do. A SRLP
space station had gone down. My mission is to go with a group and find out what happened.
"You out for a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"When the base went down we got a coded transmission. Not sure from who but it is coded more than we can track. If we could get something from
the remains..."
"If there is any" I thought.
"We could break the code." cap. Boys said.
"Is that why we are bringing that wacko, jack? I mean his name really is jacko the wacko."
"That is true but that doesn't mean we treat him badly. He a person like everyone else he just...... see's the world differently."
"Right" I said sarcastically.
Then sirens began to blare.
"This is not a drill. All high rank meet in HPR all other go to sucre bunker under G wing I repeat this is not a drill." said a voice on the intercom.
"Oh no" said cap. Boys.
"What?" I asked.
"This never happens. It must be a comet or meteor. I have to get to HPR you get to the G wing bunker."
"All who are with the take–off team meet with Cap. Boys at rocket. Will take off in t– 2 minutes." said the voice on the intercom.
"In that case come with me to the rocket." said cap. boys The rocket was a big shuttle with lots of engines. The people inside were me, cap. Boys,
jack and the astronauts 1 2 3 and 4 who were in the same family. They were our protection if something went

The Dangers Of Space Habits
Many people do not know how big of a threat space debris are. Space debris also known as orbital junk, or space junk are a very serious problem
that people need to be informed of, so they can know the risks and help fix the problem. Space junk needs to be talked about more so people can be
informed of the dangers and try to help solve the problem. Some people may think that since they aren't in space causing the problem that they
shouldn't have to help fix it, but it needs to be taken into consideration that the people that go into space go with the hope to expand the knowledge
of the people that do not have the opportunity to go into space and experience it for themselves, so we should at least make an effort to help
eliminate or reduce space debris and the danger that it causes. People should contribute to getting rid of space junk because it is a danger to
astronauts, the problem can not be solved if we do not take action against the rapid growing problem, and it can cause problems that affect the
people on Earth. Space debris are a major danger to the astronauts in space. According to an article by Sarah Benton Feitlinger, "In 2011 and 2012
the resident ISS astronauts had to take refuge inside the two Soyuz escape space capsules and be ready to leave, thanks to large pieces of debris
that appeared to be heading their way. One missed the ISS by just 360 yards while the other zipped past at a distance of nine miles." That is a little
too close for comfort! An article by

Analysis Of The Movie 'Interstellar'
"Interstellar" (Obst,Thomas & Nolan, 2014) a great science fiction story with so various elements. It takes us traveling through wormholes, into
planets in other galaxies, and black holes. The characters keep colliding into the effects of relativity, which is thoroughly explained in numerous
scenarios. It's also a story about love and family, but there is a villain, whose actions result in shocking consequences for the other characters. There
is a great deal of emotion expressed by the character, which make a great impacted on how the movie is viewed. The movie will take place sometime
in the future where the earth is slowly becoming uninhabitable for the reason that of a global crop plague and a second dust bowl occurring. The science
fiction movie "Interstellar" (Obst,Thomas & Nolan, 2014) does an excellent job portraying advancements in technology, astrophysics and real–life
issues that could eventually happen, such as, food scarcity and catastrophic natural disasters.
To begin, the advancements in the movie are somewhat comparable towards today's technology, but there are a few fixations that we are far off from
doing. The movie gives us an insight look of what could be accomplished if we turn in the right direction. "Interstellar" (Obst,Thomas & Nolan, 2014)
shows space stations that sustain a large amount of human life to create or prepare for the next generation to come. They show how robots can help
grow and maintain crops, and they are also now companions on space

International Space Station Research Paper
Leadership in history is important. Humanity has shown that they leave a lasting legacy in history. The launch of the International Space Station was
no exception. This launch was an example of what humanity could do together. After an era of turmoil, humanity came together to do something that
will leave a lasting legacy in history. The building of theInternational Space Station was an example of leadership and legacy because it was built by a
coalition of many nations, helped nations come together after the Cold War, and set a step forward to unified space exploration. The building of the ISS
was an example of leadership and legacy because it was built by a coalition of many nations. The International Space Station was not built by just one
nation. The building of the International Space Station took a total of 16 nations. "The United States and Russia are just two of sixteen nations
co–operating in this major scientific and technological project,"("The Space Station Era Dawns"). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Coming out of the Cold War the United States and Russia were not the friendliest. What better a way to bond together by investing in a project that is
beneficial for both of them. "In 1993, the Clinton administration moved to bring America's former Cold War adversary into the huge international
project as a major partner along with 14 other nations that have invested several billion dollars,"(Sawyer). Bringing former Cold War officials was a
shining example that the Cold War has passed and a new era has begun. "Shuttle–Mir gave its own lasting gift to the word–the example of the great
Cold War adversaries, working together,"("Looking Back, Looking Forward"). Shuttle Mir was a Cold War era shuttle and was used with Russian and
American personnel and shows that the two nations has moved past that time and are working together to leave a lasting legacy in

International Space Station Video Analysis
Ethics in a global concept is difficult to pinpoint because each country has its own culture. This culture can affect the government and the citizens,
which in turn, affects the way businesses are managed. However, this can become a problem when companies become international. On the other
hand, there are global common values that many countries possess that can help fair commerce across countries. These shared values come from
the fact that many of the world's religions share the same values. Therefore, "relative prosperity of developed economies seems implicitly to be
taken as evidence of a sustainable form of free market capitalism that is supposed to be a universal economic destination" (Michaelson, 2010, p. 239).
However, when a country does not share these values, or has a leader that does not it can become a major problem for... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the fact the Americas was able to achieve this goal, I think it changed the race. America was now seen as the powerhouse and the Russians saw
the need to join America in space exploration. As discussed in the video, theUnited States and Russia began working together and created the
International Space Station. The creation of this was likely due to the UN's Space Law Treaty. Similar to the United Nations Global Compact, which
promotes global ethics, this treaty ensured that space activities were "benefitting mankind, emphasizing the astronaut as an envoy of mankind,
promoting international cooperation and assistance and using outer space for the benefit of all states equally" (Wheeler, 2012, p. 61). This has been
crucial for ensuring the safety of all that could be affected by international missiles and satellites. As mentioned earlier, if countries do not share the
values or agree to the treaty this can be a threat for

How To Build Space Station
Although it would hard to donate time and money to build space station in space on mars or on the moon. they need to build a space station on the
moon and get a picture of it that way people on earth know where it is and maybe we can see it from earth in a telescope. First and foremost, if they
do build a space station wherever they are in space but the question is how much is it going to cost for them to build it who are they going to send
up there to build it for them because there are some older men that are construction workers there are some older men that would not go up there and
work just for that. In addition, there are astronauts that have to waste money and gas just to fly up there and back it is going to be bad if something goes

Pros And Cons Of Building A Space Station
Although building a Space Station on Mars has it's pros and cons. Personally would rather put in time and money to better our schools and send
money to hospitals with kids that have a illness. Also if something happens to this earth if we had a space station on Mars we may have a place to
move too if it was in concern. First and foremost, The people of united states don't need to be spending time and money on a space station right now.
There is a colossal of kids and families starving and not having the shelter they need for both summer and winter seasons. In addition, another reason
why we should not spend our money on a space station right now. Is because there are children in St. jude's Hospitals that are adjoining to the end of
their

The Discovery Of The Space Station
Someday, somehow, Clarke knew that she would witness the beauty of Earth. She would be able to feel the sun warm her skin, and have the wind
kiss her cheeks as she walked through a forest. Maybe she would watch a rabbit hop out of a bush, or follow butterflies as she wandered carelessly
around the ground–if those creatures were still alive from all the radiation. Her father had always told her stories about Earth, visualizing it as a heaven
for the living. It had been nearly ninety–seven years since the last humans touched the Earth's surface, and only a couple hundred thousand had
survived long enough to make it to the Ark–the space station where the last human beings have been living in since the nuclear bombings. Had the
humans not been at conflict with one another, then maybe they would still be inhabitants of Earth. But war brought distrust, and distrust in the other
countries led to nuclear warfare. While watching the old documentaries of the last surviving humans retelling their stories of Earth, Clarke realized
how different the Ark was, and how she would never live to her fullest until she was on the ground. The Ark was always cold, and empty, and the
oxygen she breathed felt, if she could describe it in a word, fake. Surely, Clarke had never before breathed oxygen from the ground, but its as almost
as if her mind knew the oxygen she breathed wasn't right. As she sat against the stone wall of her small cell, she stared at her drawings of Earth. With
only a

The Causes And Impacts Of The International Space Station
The International Space Station commonly known as the (ISS) is a large spacecraft that orbits around Earth. This space station serves as a home for
the crews of astronauts and cosmonauts. The space station is also a unique science laboratory. Several nations such as Canada, Japan, the Russian
Federation, the United States, and eleven Member States of the European Space Agency (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) worked together to build and use this space station. The space station is made of parts
that were assembled by astronauts, in space itself. NASA is using this space station to learn more about the living and working conditions in space.
These discoveries will help make it possible for them to find out if it is feasible to send humans farther into space than ever done in the past.
Political:
The International Space Station was first considered in the waning years of the Cold War. A space station called Mir was prepared to be launched by
the Soviet Union, which went into orbit in 1986. The United States wanted to match its rival.During his 1984 State of the Union address, President
Ronald Regan announced his plans for a U.S led project. Russia was invited to join the space station by the United States when they decided to expand
their international partnership, after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1993. Eugene Skolnikoff, professor emeritus of political science at the
Massachusetts

Space Exploration Mission Into The International Space...
For over three decades now since astronauts first explored started space exploration to the moon or to the earth's orbit, they have been experiencing
radiations in space that comprises of secondary particles that are produced as a result of collision of heavy ions and high energy protons with tissue
and the space craft. However, once the astronauts return, they are faced with uncertainties as a result of exposure in the projection of the associated
risks, and the effects that later come as a result of space radiations. This paper examines the exposure of radiations to astronauts who have been
involved in a space exploration mission into the International Space Station. As a result of the damaging effect of the radiations in space nowadays,
astronauts have been limited to the low Earth orbit that is shielded from the galactic cosmic rays and solar particles. The radiations are thought to cause
cancer risks and risk of exposure induced death to astronauts. These effects coupled with others such as the lethality of the ionizing radiation and
compounded risks from circulatory diseases have been a major impediment to space exploration as a result of radiations, and this has limited the
duration of astronauts into space, while confining them into the international Space station in the low Earth orbit.
Radiation Exposure for Astronauts
In the 1960s, the first group of men took off from earth into space in the popularly known Apollo missions to explore space little did they know

Space Station History
Ever since Apollo 11, when the US landed on the moon other countries thought about getting into ВЁThe Space RaceВЁ. On April 19, 1971, the
Soviet Union launched the first Space Station (Redd). As the soviets continued to send space stations into orbit, the US was working on a project. In
1984 President Ronald Reagan called for a space program that would include participation with the US allies. Two years later they made the idea of a
space station and Reagan called it Freedom (Angelo 239). The building and the evolution of the International Space Station is one of the most important
accomplishments in our planet's scientific history and brought the US together with other nations. The International Space Station is 357.5 feet long,
which is as big as a football field. It weighs about 1 million pounds on earth. Inside it has about 32,000 cubic feet of space, or equal to the space in a
boeing 747 (Garcia). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They planed 3 phases to finish the building of the ISS. During the first phase, 2 modules were launched with a few other elements. Until the first
phase was complete, 7 american astronauts were staying the the Russian space station the Mir. The first phase ended in 1998. The second phase was
the core of the ISS. It was to start putting together all of the pieces for the ISS to operate. The astronauts had to construct the station in space while in
orbit (Angelo). In the third phase the ISS was completed. From February 2001 to October 2003, seven more crews were brought up to the ISS to
conduct more construction. The U.S. Destiny lab was connected to the Unity, adding rooms for scientists to conduct their research in zero gravity. An
Italian made module, served as a ВЁmoving vanВЁ carried supplies, experiments, equipment to and from the space station and the shuttle. Russians
added a docking port for space shuttles. Also another robotic arm was added for future construction (International Space

Space Station Research Paper
Although space and NASA is a big part of our world, personally I don't think that they should build a space station. There are many problems with
our world and building a space station would make even more problems. First and foremost, the world has money, but not enough to just spend
billions and billions of dollars on a space station for exploring space. There are many families that are living on the streets searching for food and
shelter, and all they get is a half eaten soggy, wet burger out of the trash. That is unfair, for the United States to go out and spend so much money on a
space station when you can donate money to help starving unhealthy families living on the streets. In addition, there would have to be bounteous trips

When China's Space Station Will Crash Summary
I read "Why it's Hard to Know Where or When China's Space Station Will Crash" from Newsy published by Evan Thomas. The article describes a
Chinese space station(Tiangong–1) that is falling out of orbit. China lost contact with the satellite approximately the size of a school bus in 2016 and
they have not been able to get the engines started. The satellite is expected to re–enter the earth's atmosphere on or around April 1, 2018. Scientists are
unable to predict where exactly it will land on earth, however they don't expect it to be a danger to anyone because most of the space station will
burn before any debris reach the ground and it is smaller than most space stations. If it does make contact with earth however, the debris band could
be over 2000 Km long because the satellite breaks up into many different pieces as it falls down to earth.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, although this one does not pose a significant threat, in the future other satellites or asteroids could be a potential danger. In the future, if a
larger object entered earth's atmosphere and it did not burn before reaching the ground. people's lives could be at risk. Reading this article I was
also surprised there are not more measures in place to prevent these things from happening. Obviously this satellite costs millions of dollars to build
and put in space so I assumed there would be safety measures preventing people from losing contact with it. Also, the article does not mention any
blame the Chinese faced and this surprised me because if lives were lost or damage was done from this satellite coming back down to earth someone
would be

Risks For A Mission To Mars (NASA)
At the moment, astronauts' next goal in manned missions is to try to figure out the most efficient and safe way in succeeding in a manned mission to
Mars. However, in order to achieve such a mission, astronauts must completely understand the additional perils that accompany adventures into space
of the length that would be required for such a trip. With experiments that have been completed and are in the process of being done, scientists are able
to better understand the many risks that contribute to the danger of such prolonged missions, in hope of finding solutions that will make a mission to
Mars possible. Although there are many risks that a human will take when remaining in space for such a long period of time, this paper will ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These fields would include the normal gravity we experience on Earth, weightlessness in space, the weak gravity found on Mars, and finally, the
gravity that the astronaut would have to get used to again when returning back to Earth's gravity (NASA). These changes in gravity fields will harmfully
affect the human body that is not used to such physical changes. The body would then have affects such as a harsh changes in one's spatial orientation,
head–eye and hand–eye coordination, balance, locomotion, and motion sickness (NASA). The body will also have great strain on it due to the lack
of gravity in space and on Mars, which causes bones to lose minerals. This could cause an astronaut to lose 1% of bone density a month (NASA).
Even after the astronaut returns to Earth and becomes used to Earth's gravity field again, the bone density loss could possibly remain, which would
increase the risk of osteoporosis–related fractures (NASA). In addition, without the body's normal routine of the usual effects of normal gravity, bodily
fluids will be moved to the head, increasing the probability of kidney stones because of dehydration and a greater flow of calcium from the bones of
the human

Although some people believe we need a space station, others believe that we shouldn't. Instead of using all of this money for adolescents that
never have but one pair of shoes every year. These children live in poverty. Some of them will not have enough food, some of them die, because
they won't have enough food, or water. First and foremost, a child that only gets one pair of shoes each year. These children are destined to wear
their shoes everyday to school, and if their shoes are worn out, then they still will not receive more shoes until the alongside year. Some of them will
not have an exceptional home to live in. A few of them barely have a house, somewhere, in this world, there are people that are living in half a house,
with a segment

Parking Spaces At The New Livermore Bart Station
Parking Statistics
Introduction
A parking structure is being built for the new Livermore BART station. The Livermore Department of Transportation would like to provide as many
parking spaces as possible in the parking structure. This study will determine an "ideal" parking space size in order to maximize the amount of
available spaces while still accommodating an appropriate range of car sizes.
Methods
We located a sample pool of automobiles that accurately reflected the socio–economic demographic of the Livermore area to determine the type of cars
owned in the community. From this sample we determined the range in car sizes that would be parking in the new parking structure. We measured a
sample of the automobile's lengths and widths to determine the mean and deviation of the vehicles the new parking structure would need to
accommodate. We determined the seven parking lots of Las Positas College was an accurate and large enough representation of the demographic that
would be utilizing the Livermore BART station parking structure. Different student demographics use different parking lots on campus. The trucks
and bigger vehicles driven by the firefighting students, veterans and welding students parked in the lots closer to their buildings. For this reason, we
found it necessary to take sample measurements from all seven parking lots at the Las Positas College campus so that we would have an accurate
sample of the lifestyles reflected by car sizes that would be using the

The Space Station : Aeronautics And Extra Terrestrial
1.Define the following term: microgravity, aeronautics and extra–terrestrial. Be sure to choose the definitions that suit the Physics context.
Microgravity – Microgravity is the near weightless experienced by somebody or an object in free fall which is named microgravity.
Aeronautics – Aeronautics is the study of the science of flight. Aeronautics enables you to study the methods of designing an aeroplane or other flying
objects.
Extra–terrestrial – Extra–terrestrial is a form of life that occurs outside Earth or its atmosphere.
2.Explain the function of the ISS? (This requires an extended answer.)
The ISS or The International Space Station is a large spacecraft that orbits around the earth. It functions as a home to groups ... Show more content on
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Three of them have been up in space for 91 days and the other three 152 days. This was posted on the 26/8/2013.
4.Explain in your own words how the ISS generates power.
The ISS generates power by sunlight, which reflects off of the photovoltaic panels, which are just like solar panels but much bigger.
5.How long does it take for the ISS to orbit the Earth?
It takes The International Space Station and hour and a half (90 minutes) to orbit the earth.
Part B:
What are some of the challenges astronauts face living in a microgravity environment? How are these challenges overcome?
When living on the ISS astronauts experience many temporary and long–term health effects from living on the ISS. The reason astronauts experience
many health effects is because when you are in space your experience weightlessness, or zero gravity.
Some of the temporary effects of living on the ISS are the astronauts experience disruption to their proprioceptive system, which is a system in the
body which tells the arms, legs and other parts of the body are in relation to each other. This effect can cause astronauts to feel nauseous for a short
period of time.

A long–term affect for the astronauts is that over time their calcium in their bones start to weaken making it easier for the bones to be broken. Once the
astronauts return back to earth it takes months of rehabilitation to adjust to earth

Our city is named blue moon and is responsible for operation final frontier a research space station orbiting earth in 2200 lands locked to the earth city
Blue moon. Our space station is climate controlled to stay around 70 degrees Fahrenheit and has misters to help control the humidity. Do in this climate
our workers do not need many types of clothing and when they arrive, they will have a neutral and constant Climent to adapt to. Our city's geography is
relatively plain meaning that it is easy to walk where you need to go and public transportation is easy to run. Our plain geography makes ours look
simple, but our city is far from boring.
Since we have many people on a space station much is different from life on earth..
Since our city is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of these risks include dangerous items such as broken glass, dangerous items that are not supposed to be there, bacteria, and many others. Also,
the process of recycling can be extremely dangerous if proper safety precautions are not taken. Take a cell phone and electronics recycling, for
instance. Electronics contain many harmful metals such as Lead and Cadmium, so workers in the plants that recycle old electronics need to make sure
that they have dust masks and latex gloves on so that they don't come into contact with lead dust. There are also many costs to recycling. You need to
purchase machinery, collection trucks, bins, and hire workers to keep the place

Space X : The Space Station
Russian Soyuz spacecraft to ferry our astronauts to the ISS , costing 70 million per ticket. NASA encouraged a number of private U.S. companies to
develop their own space rockets to get to the International Space Station. One of these companies is Space X (founded in 2002) who is under 1.6
Billion NASA contract, has already completed nine unmanned missions to resupply ISS and currently working to modify, making "Dragon" vehicle
crew ready by 2017.
To date, the International Space Station has cost as much as $ 160 Billion and rising; fortunately, the ISS's pricey tag is been shared between the
participating countries which include Canada, the European Union, Japan, Russia and the U.S. Since its construction, the ISS has had visitors from 15
different nations.
The ISS development visualized as NASA's next footstep subsequent to the Apollo missions, but it took decades to get it started. In the 1990s after the
fall of the iron curtain, the International Space Station was one way to keep Russian scientist focus in new research. In 2001, NASA officially stated
the goals for the station: Conducting research, establishing a continuous human presence in space, and promoting international cooperation. Although
the Station not using its full capacity, the main purpose of the scientific exploration still going. When NASA started to visualize new missions on
sending humans to an asteroid by 2025 and to Mars by 2,030, the U.S. National Laboratory redirect their focus and start

Planning For Space Based Solar Power Stations
Planning for Space–based Solar Power Stations by Yingliang Nie October 2014 Supervisor: Dr. Ediz Cetin; Dr. Garth Pearce University of New South
Wales Kensington, New South Wales ABSTRACT This report aims at analysing the feasibility of the Space
–based Solar Power stations (SBSP) and
scheme a theoretically executable solution. The report begins with an introduction to the concept of space solar power (SSP) and reviews prior
researches of proposed solar power satellite (SPS) systems. The functional components of the SBSP are described, and different methods and
promising hypotheses from previous and current developments are demonstrated. The fundamentals of wireless transmission methodologies are
reviewed, including a discussion of the best way to transmit power without cables. The techniques of collecting solar power and the receiving power
are outlined, including the performance analysis of each component selected by these technologies. By studying the prior theories and progresses, a
feasible SBSP station plan will be projected. _ Chapter 1. Introduction and Background The most significant global concern of our planet is 80% of
energy in our life originates in the non–renewable resources. These resources will be entirely used up in the following 150 years if the energy
consuming speed maintains the current rate. In addition, the great extent utilization of fossil fuel intensifies CO2 accumulation in the air that increases
series concerns of environment. As a result,

The Remotely Operated Mechanical Astronaut Essay example
The Remotely Operated Mechanical Astronaut, or ROMA, is the next step forward in robotic Extra–Vehicular Activity, or EVA, assistance. Simply put,
it is, as the name implies, a robotic astronaut stand–in operated by an astronaut inside the International Space Station, or ISS. ROMA's simplicity of
design incorporates numerous amounts of hardware and software already in use to create a single, versatile robot to heighten safety and lessen the
amount of time it takes to complete an EVA. The brilliance of ROMA is that its design uses technology already in use and molds it together into a
singular, adaptable machine capable of doing numerous tasks. For instance, the idea for a free–floating camera originally comes from the AERCam
Sprint... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ROMA's innovations and versatility allows it to help with any phase of the construction process. Speaking of recycling hardware, ROMA's control
systems are derived from the same technology used to train astronauts for EVAs. Similar to this training equipment, the controller wears specialized
sleeves along with a virtual reality helmet that remotely controls ROMA so that the robot mimics his (or her) movements, while the astronaut sees
what the robot sees (Gilman, 2010). Thus the training for the use of ROMA is relatively simple: astronauts will continue using the virtual reality
training systems that are currently in use, just more in depth. Also, since astronauts currently in space already have a minimal amount of this type of
training, there will be no need for them to learn something new. To use ROMA, astronauts will put on the arm remote control sleeves, the virtual
reality control helmet, strap on the movement control joystick, and go to work. To maneuver ROMA, the astronaut operates the joystick, which moves
not only forwards, backwards, left, and right, but also up and down to allow for free range of motion in all directions. When the astronaut does this,
ROMA's hands also move to the front, causing the center of gravity to stabilize and ROMA to be easier to maneuver. Once ROMA undocks and
reaches the desired destination, the astronaut manipulates the arms by moving his own. ROMA's

International Space Station ( Iss )
On November 20th, 1998, the first piece of the International Space Station was launched into space. The first piece of the International Space Station,
named Zarya, provided the station with propulsion, guidance, battery power, fuel storage, and docking capabilities. The International Space Station has
over one hundred parts to it. The International Space Station's length is that of a football field's. The International Space Station currently has six
crewmembers on board, three Russians, two Americans, and one Japanese. The International Space Station is uniting fifteen different nations and five
different space programs. The International Space Station (ISS) is a large spacecraft that orbits the Earth and serves as a research facility ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scientists on board spend each and every day doing research about space and about Earth 's features such as clouds and the surrounding
atmosphere. The ISS is the only research station for scientists in space. This is the main reason for them leading space exploration. Some of the
research that the ISS does has to do with microgravity and the effects space has on the human body. The ISS allows the scientists to do research
that they could not do anywhere else. There are three different labs on board the ISS, which enables the scientists of the different nations to do their
work in peace if desired. The International Space Station is designed for nations to come together and try to give the world more knowledge then it
already has. All of the scientists on board conduct experiments that couldn't be conducted on Earth. Most of the experiments have to do with gravity,
specifically microgravity. However, the ISS is always working on new projects. You can never be sure what project the scientists will be working on
that day. There is one way, and this is by watching the scientists through a live feed coming from the space station and being broadcasted online. You
are able to watch this feed and see over the shoulders of the scientists.
The International Space Station is currently working on different kind of projects. Some projects would include experiments with microgravity, which
is the very weak gravity that you would endure if you were on an

The International Space Station ( Iss ) Essay
We have dreamt of spaceflight since ancient times. Humans have developed and thought of many ways to acquire this immense feat and it wasn't till
the 20th century mankind were able to build rockets powerful enough to overcome the force of gravity. Since then, we've successfully sent mankind to
the moon, rovers to mars and space probes deep into the reaches of our solar system. Nations have striven to advance and attain great heights in the
field of space exploration. The constant competitiveness between USA and USSR during the cold war led to many major breakthroughs in the history
of space exploration beginning with USSR launching the first international space station and USA successfully landing a human on the moon. The
international space station (ISS) stands as the basis of how international collaboration can affect space exploration. Even though some nations are
unwilling to work together, space exploration provides a platform for nations to form relationships that benefits one another and create beneficial
relationships with each other. International cooperation has the potential to provide significant benefits to all participants as well as help develop space
programs. Such cooperation can provide benefits in the form of monetary efficiency, programmatic and political sustainability, and workforce stability
over a period of time to those countries who chose to approach it as mutually beneficial undertaking. International cooperation must be an essential
partaking

International Space Station Research Paper
The Impact of the International Space Station
We've all seen pictures of the beautiful blue globe of the Earth from space. Some of the first images were taken by NASA. Not only that,The
International Space Station has been a huge step forward in the healing technology, and NASA has made millions of research projects to help us with
our health. This research is going to show a few of the many things that NASA, with its knowledge helped us discover, and in some cases, to solve
many human problems. They have contributed not only clearler and more extensive vews of space, but it also has helped with the problems and
diseases that occur.
Extensive vision of the space Stars Spitzer Space Telescope showed what lies near the sword of the constellation ... Show more content on
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ADVASC was performed over several International Space Station (ISS) expeditions, growing two generations of Arabidopsis thaliana (rapidly
growing, flowering plant in the mustard family that has been grown on many space missions), and soybean plants, from seed to seed in space using
the ADVASC payload, an autonomously operated plant growth unit. The ability to grow plants from seeds through several generations has proven to
be challenging in space and is critical in developing hardware and operational concepts to take human explorers farther beyond low–Earth orbit

The Globalization Of The International Space Station
Kai Allen Donicht
Globalization and International Business
June 18 – July 7
Arunjana Das
7/27/15
The Globalization of the International Space Station
Abstract
Space exploration was born out of the intense competition between the two great superpowers of the 20th century. The space race was a byproduct of
the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both sides devoted immense resources and manpower to attempt to surpass the other in
astronautical achievement. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the approach towards space exploration changed dramatically.
What began as a fierce competition between major powers became a partnership involving many nations working together. Space exploration projects,
like the International Space Station, are only feasible through international joint effort, and because of this have helped to foster more cooperative
relations between countries – not only diplomatically, but also economically.
Introduction
In 1986, the USSR launched its space station Mir in orbit. NASA proposed to construct a permanently manned orbiting space station in response. The
US began building the space station Freedom, working with Canada, several European countries, and Japan as partners in the endeavor. Just as work on
Freedom began, however, the Soviet Union collapsed. This presented an opportunity for the US to work with Russia in space rather than compete with
them. Freedom was reengineered into the new International

Argumentative Essay About Space Station
In the near future, a station will be needed to do what Earth can no longer to provide for us in the future. With the growing population of 200,000
people to this planet every day and 70 million more people every year, food is the ever–growing need. But how can we support the growing human
species on Earth? The answer in short is we can't by the year 2100 the United Nations predicts that 11 billion people will exist on Earth (World
Population Balance 2017). This in turn unless corrected by stop having kids, would create death rates rise through famine, disease, and war. Another
solution is to outsource our population to other planets, which is already planned in our close future. But the best place for our species is space. Need
space... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Power systems would be a mixed use of different systems that being solar, nuclear and battery. Conducting this method of a hybrid power system
would meet the demands on a growing station. Fission power system wouldn't be any of a radioactive hazard until system power–up this would entitle
of a safe system install. A backup computer operated system to help maintain the reactor by allowing the system to response to power grid load and
power system thermal load. This would provide a safe operating temperature that would be based on a negative temperature band feedback. This
would cause less potential damage caused by thermal stress on the reactor (Angelo 2017). Battery system would be based on the ideal of the Tesla
Power Wall. This battery would contain the battery pack, invertor and the liquid cooling loop (Tesla 2017). The batteries would be connected in series
to provide enough output for a twenty–four output. This will in a case where reactor power will need to be brought online from a down system or
emergency. If in an emergency the nuclear reactor compartment will be evacuated and ejected from the station to provide safety for the station. In
this time, the station will operate low power and depend on battery and solar panels. A dispatch team will investigate the reactor to see if
recoverability can be taken. Batteries will be cycled on and off to maintain optimal performance of system life using a

A Study On Space Debris
MengYun Zeng(1239987) ESS 102 AC Erika Harnett April 14, 2016 Space Debris Probably most people do not know but this is a severe thing that
there is more than 170 million space debris floating within 35000 km of Earth and over 29,000 are a size larger than 10cm (ESA). Even a 1–cm debris
probably could disable a spacecraft (ESA). What makes this problem worse is space debris also crash into each other and create hundred more
pieces each time and this chain reaction will create a dense cloud of space debris in certain orbits so anything cannot traverse safely (National1).
The space debris is a serious problem that needs all the countries and organizations that launched or planning to launch to space to get attention with.
If people are still despite the serious consequences caused by the space debris and no countermeasure are taken, the exponential growth of debris
creates by the collision "would become too hazardous to continue space operation in low Earth orbit" (Whitehouse). In order to decrease the impacts
of space debris, national space agencies and organizations need to devising plans or following some guidelines to cleanup the space debris or at least
limiting the future space debris. The following paragraphs will explain what is space debris? Where they come from? Why they caused so many
problems? Where they cause problems? Also the potential solutions for cleaning the debris. When we talking about the space junk people may think
about the wastes that astronauts

A Mars Colony Vs Living Space Station
Carina Salcedo
1339611
ESS 102 A
Living in a Mars Colony vs Living Space Station
Summary of science fiction story: My science fiction paper will be set in the not too distant future. Pollution and global warming have made Earth
nearly uninhabitable and humanity needs a new home. While many look to Mars as the best hope, others feel it poses too many challenges and that
humanity needs more than one chance at a new start. These people are building a large space station in orbit around Earth intended for . Two small
crews are sent out, one to Mars and the other to the new space station, to decide where the future of humanity will lie. The major topics of research
will be space habitability and the effects of long term space flight.
introduction: There are many challenges to overcome before a permanent human settlement can be established in space or on Mars. Many of these
challenges overlap, but each destination provides a unique twist on human expansion beyond Earth. This paper will examine the difficulties associated
with maintaining a human presence in each location.
What has been done to establish a permanent space station: Thanks to the International Space Station, we know a great deal about the effects of life in
space on the human body and how to meet the needs of life in space. The problems of supplying power, water, and food have already been solved.
Power is supplied to the ISS via 2,500 square meters of solar cells (Taranovich, 2014). Of course, as the station

Risk Assesment for the International Space Station
Pm595 risk management| Risk Assessment| For the International Space Station| | Casey Potter | 12/4/2011|
This document will provide a risk assessment, with the use of FTA, for the International Space Station.|
Table of Contents
I. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 2 II. Sources of Project Risk in
Construction............................................................................................ 3 A.
Timeline.................................................................................................................................. 3 B.
Costs........................................................................................................................................ 4 C. International
Collaboration................................................................................................. 5 D. Infrastructure and Complexity of
Project.......................................................................... 6 III. Systems to Address in Construction Project ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Risk management or lack of, can be one of those attributes. It has been written; "risk management is a critical success factor for delivering projects in
predefined cost, time and quality" (Benta, D., Podean, I. M., Mirecean, C. 2011.Page 142). However, when you are dealing with a project like the
ISS, how do you predetermine the cost and time when the project spans over three decades? Many sources of construction risk must be identified. The
following sections will first review the sources of timeline, costs, international collaboration, and complexity of project. Next, the review sources of risk
with systems that need to be addressed during the construction and then the fault tree analysis. A. Timeline
The schedule of the project is a major factor of gauging on whether a project has been successful or not. For many projects, the time it takes to get
to the marketplace is critical to meet product supply and demand. Most projects are measured in weeks, months, and sometimes years. A typical
jetliner can take up to five years to complete (Jenkins, M. 2000. Page 4). However when it comes to the schedule of the ISS, the development cycle
can be measured in decades. The preliminary design work has been initiated in the 1980s and the project is set to continue well into the year 2016
(Bacon, J. Boyle, J., and Stockman, B. 1982. Page 3). The timeline only in this project presents many risk factors. The changing

Space Debris Essay
The Danger of Space Debris Every time humans put a new satellite or orbital body into low earth orbit, space gets just a bit messier. Ejected rockets
and broken pieces of debris litter the geosynchronous orbit of our planet, and each and every shard of metal that orbits earth proves a hazard to our
satellites and astronauts currently in space. This problem has been growing for decades, and even scientists in the 1970s cared about the rapidly
growing space debris problem. Even though the problem has been known for about 45 years, only minimal steps have been taken to reduce the
ever–growing blanket of metal that surrounds our planet. According to a count by ESA and NASA, there are more than 23,000 items in orbit that
are bigger than 10 centimeters (four inches) across, and hundreds of thousands of items between one and 10 centimeters (0.4 to four inches)
across. Most of these pieces reside within 2000 km of the earth, and within this range the highest density of space debris is between 750 and 850
km [1]. The biggest question is, where does all of this space debris come from? We as a planet haven't collectively launched hundreds of thousands
of items out into our orbit, so how can our planet have become so messy? The one thing we have done is launched hundreds of satellites into orbit,
which leave their own debris in the form of disposed rocket stages and oftentimes the payload after it dies or becomes unusable. These very large
objects have the potential to collide or be

Space deep dark and endless. Then you have a space station orbiting the earth 16 times a day everyday. This space station can see everything on earth
all the lights and the oceans and the land. You can also see nation buildings form space for example the Great Wall of China. Visiting this space station
would be amazing just to see earth from space.
The first reason I want to go to space is just the trip going up to space. I think It would be really cool to fly in a rocket that goes out of the earth
atmosphere. When you are flying out the earth's atmosphere you will be going really fast because you need to be going that fast to get out of the
earth's atmosphere. Then when you are out you get to have zero gravity which would be spectacular

Benefits of NASA's Mars Mission Plans

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