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ESTRUCTURA DEL PASO SIMPLE
- 1. ¿Qué es el pasado simple? Past simple, simple past o pasado simple en español es la forma más común de expresar acciones que comenzaron y concluyeron en un tiempo anterior. En inglés, el pasado simple o past simple es uno de los tiempos verbales esenciales y que se utiliza con mucha frecuencia. Para construir el pasado simple en inglés, se añade –ed a la raíz del verbo si éste es regular y si no usamos su forma irregular que se encuentra en la 2ª columna de la famosísima lista de verbos irregulares. Para formas negativas e interrogativas usamos el auxiliar did. Estructuras de las oraciones afirmativas Cuando se escribe la oración de esta manera, el verbo en la oración se escribe en su respectiva forma acorde a su grupo: regular o irregular. Y siempre acompaña al sujeto en la oración, así: Estructura de las oraciones positivas Cuando una oración se encuentra en forma negativa, sucede algo: el verbo principal no cambia. ¿Por qué sucede esto? Por regla general, las oraciones que se forman de manera negativa deben llevar consigo el auxiliar do. Como se está hablando de pasado simple, el verbo auxiliar debe ir en pasado, cambiando de do o does, a did. El auxiliar did sufre el cambio de tiempo verbal, indicando que la acción que precede ha ocurrido en algún momento del pasado. Por ende, dicha acción, representada en el verbo principal de la oración, no tiene necesidad de conjugarse en pasado simple. Para indicar que la oración es negativa, debemos acompañar el verbo auxiliar con el auxiliar negativo not, y éstos deben ubicarse justo antes del verbo principal.
- 2. Usualmente estos dos auxiliares se contraen para acortar la oración: En presente: Do + Not = Don't En pasado: Did + Not = Didn't La comilla debe ir entre la n y la t. Este tipo de contracción es común en contextos informales. 4.- Reglas gramaticales para la adición de d, ed, ied Para formar en el pasado simple de los verbos regulares en inglés, tenemos que añadir - ed al infinitivo sin to. Para ello tendremos en cuenta las siguientes reglas: 1. En general añadimos -ed a todos los verbos regulares. wash → washed finish → finished talk → talked 2. A los verbos que acaban en -e, sólo añadimos una -d. like → liked live → lived 3. A los verbos que acaban en consonante + -y, cambian la "y" por "i" y añaden -ed (=-ied) study → studied carry → carried try → tried 4. Los verbos que acaban en vocal + -y, añaden -ed. play → played
- 3. Casos especiales Los verbos que acaban en vocal + consonante (stop, ban, occur, open, offer...) a) si el acento recae sobre la vocal de la última sílaba, ésta se dobla stop → stopped plan → planned ban → banned occur → occurred Excepto en los verbos que acaban en "y" y "w" play → played show → showed b) Si el acento NO recae sobre la vocal de la última sílaba, ésta no se dobla. offer → offered open → opened Excepto los verbos que acaban en "l" que doblan la "l" aunque el acento no recaiga sobra la última sílaba. travel → travelled cancel → cancelled ¡Cuidado! Los verbos de una sílaba con dos vocales no doblan la consonante. cook → cooked 6.- Lista de verbos regulares e irregulares.
- 4. Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle Spanish add added added agregar answer answered answered responder apologise apologised apologised disculparse arrest arrested arrested arrestar arrive arrived arrived llegar ask asked asked preguntar attack attacked attacked atacar be was / were been ser become became become convertirse begin began begun comenzar believe believed believed creer boil boiled boiled hervir borrow borrowed borrowed tomar prestado break broke broken romper bring brought brought traer build built built construir buy bought bought comprar carry carried carried llevar catch caught caught atrapar change changed changed cambiar chop chopped chopped picar clean cleaned cleaned limpiar climb climbed climbed escalar collect collected collected colleccionar come came come venir
- 5. compose composed composed componer cook cooked cooked cocinar copy copied copied copiar cut cut cut cortar dance danced danced bailar describe described described describir destroy destroyed destroyed destruir die died died morir discover discovered discovered descubrir discuss discussed discussed discutir do did done hacer draw drew drawn dibujar dream dreamt/drea med dreamt/dr eamed soñar drink drank drunk beber drive drove driven conducir eat ate eaten comer enjoy enjoyed enjoyed disfrutar explode exploded exploded explotar extinguish extinguished extinguish ed extinguirse fall fell fallen caer feed fed fed alimentar feel felt felt sentir fight fought fought pelear find found found encontrar fly flew flown volar forget forgot forgotten olvidar
- 6. freeze froze frozen congelar fry fried fried freír give gave given dar go went gone ir grow grew grown crecer happen happened happened suceder hate hated hated odiar have had had tener hear heard heard oír help helped helped ayudar hire hired hired alquilar hope hoped hoped esperar hunt hunted hunted cazar hurt hurt hurt herir, doler imagine imagined imagined imaginar invent invented invented inventar invite invited invited invitar jump jumped jumped saltar keep kept kept guardar kill killed killed matar know knew known saber leave left left dejar lend lent lent prestar lie lied lied mentir lie lay lain yacer lift lifted lifted levantar like liked liked gustar
- 7. listen listened listened escuchar live lived lived vivir look looked looked mirar lose lost lost perder love loved loved amar make made made hacer meet met met conocer, encontrar miss missed missed perder, extrañar offer offered offered ofrecer open opened opened abrir pack packed packed empacar pass passed passed pasar, aprobar pay paid paid pagar peel peeled peeled pelar phone phoned phoned llamar por teléfono plan planned planned planificar play played played jugar pour poured poured verter prefer preferred preferred preferir prepare prepared prepared preparar push pushed pushed empujar put put put poner rain rained rained llover read read read leer reduce reduced reduced reducir
- 8. remember remembered remember ed recordar rent rented rented alquilar rescue rescued rescued rescatar return returned returned volver, devolver ring rang rung llamar por teléfono run ran run correr save saved saved ahorrar say said said decir scream screamed screamed gritar search searched searched buscar see saw seen ver sell sold sold vender send sent sent enviar shine shone shone brillar shoot shot shot disparar shut shut shut cerrar sing sang sung cantar sit sat sat sentarse skate skated skated patinar ski skied skied esquiar sleep slept slept dormir smell smelled smelled oler snore snored snored roncar speak spoke spoken hablar spend spent spent gastar
- 9. start started started comenzar stay stayed stayed quedarse steal stole stolen robar stop stopped stopped detener study studied studied estudiar survive survived survived sobrevivir swim swam swum nadar take took taken tomar talk talked talked hablar teach taught taught enseñar tell told told decir thank thanked thanked agradecer think thought thought pensar throw threw thrown lanzar touch touched touched tocar try tried tried intentar understand understood understoo d entender use used used usar visit visited visited visitar wait waited waited esperar walk walked walked caminar want wanted wanted querer warn warned warned advertir wash washed washed lavar watch watched watched mirar wear wore worn llevar puesto
- 10. win won won ganar work worked worked trabajar write wrote written escribir