a ppt on wireless power transmission

1. A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION
P R E S E N T E D B Y
ROHIT JAISWAL
R O L L N O : - 1 4 7 3 7 2 0 0 2 9
B R A N C H : - E L E C T R I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G .
RajkiyaEngineering
College

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
HISTORY
TYPES OF WPT
Atmospheric conduction method
Electrodynamic induction method
Advantages and disadvantage
Applications
Conclusion
References . . .
.

3. INTRODUCTION
• One of the major issues in power system is the losses
occurring during the transmission and distribution of
electrical power.
• The percentage of loss of power during transmission and
distribution is approximated as 26%.
• The main reason for power loss during transmission and
distribution is the resistance of wires used in grid.
• According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s
electricity grid has the highest transmission and
distribution losses in the world – a whopping 27-40%.
• Tesla has proposed methods of transmission of electricity
using electromagnetic induction.

4. DEFINITION
• As the word wireless means “without wire”.
• Wireless energy transfer or wireless power is the
transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an
electric load without interconnecting man made
conductors.
• Wireless transmission is useful in cases where
interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous or
impossible.

5. HISTORY
Sir NICOLAI TESLA was the first one to propose and research the idea of
wireless transmission in 1899, since than many scholars and scientists
have been working to make his dream a reality.
• 1899: Tesla continues wireless power transmission research in Colorado
Springs and writes, "the inferiority of the induction method would appear
immense as compared with the disturbed charge of ground and air
method
• 1961: William C. Brown publishes an article exploring
possibilities of microwave power transmission
• 2009: Sony shows a wireless electrodynamics-induction powered TV
set, 60 W over 50 cm

6. WHY WPT
.
.
• Reliable
• Efficient
• Fast
• Low maintenance cost
• Can be used for short-range
or long-range.

7. METHODS
Different methods of transmission proposed by different
scientist and scholars are:
1. Atmospheric conduction method of Tesla
2. Electrodynamic induction method:
 Microwave method
 Laser method

8. ATMOSPHERIC CONDUCTION METHOD
In 1899 Sir NICOLAI TESLA and HEINRICH HERTZ powered a
fluorescent lamp keeping it 25 miles away from source without
using wire. Wireless power transmission experiments at
WARDEN CLYFFE High frequency current, of a Tesla coil, could
light lamps filled with gas (like neon). In this method a closed
circuit is made using transmitter, ionized path between upper
atmosphere and transmitter, second ionized path connecting
receiver. The circuit back to the transmitter is completed
through the earth .

9. ATMOSPHERIC CONDUCTION METHOD
High potential is maintained at transmitter and receiver end as
well. A high potential transmitter transmits an “electromotive
impulse” through the ionized path to the upper atmosphere
where it ionizes the air, and this air between the transmitter
and receiver would conduct like a neon tube .

10. LIMITATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC CONDUCTION METHOD
• Economically challenging.
• Periodic changes in atmospheric condition.
• Maintaining high tower potential every time.

11. ELECTRODYNAMIC INDUCTION
METHOD
 We bring electromagnetic radiation into
practice, which uses far field technique in order
to achieve range into kilos, which includes two
techniques:
• LASERS
• MICROWAVE

12. LASER TRANSMISSION
LASER is highly directional, coherent
Not dispersed for very long
But, gets attenuated when it propagates through atmosphere
Simple receiver
 Photovoltaic cell
Cost-efficient
. ..

13. LASER METHOD
• In the case of electromagnetic radiation closer to visible
region of spectrum (10s of microns (um) to 10s of nm),
power can be transmitted by converting electricity into
a laser beam that is then pointed at a solar
cell receiver. This mechanism is generally known as
"power beaming" because the power is beamed at a
receiver that can convert it to usable electrical energy.
CURRENT CURRENT
LASER
TRANSFORMER
OPTICAL FIBRE

14. MICROWAVE METHOD
• Power transmission via radio waves can be made more
directional, allowing longer distance power beaming, with
shorter wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, typically
in the microwave range. A rectenna may be used to convert
the microwave energy back into electricity. Rectenna
conversion efficiencies exceeding 95% have been realized.
Power beaming using microwaves has been proposed for
the transmission of energy from orbiting solar power
satellites to Earth.
• The principle of Evanescent
principle of Electromagnetic
Wave Coupling extends the
induction.

15. APPLICATIONS
Near-field energy transfer
 Electric automobile charging
 Static and moving
 Consumer electronics
 Industrial purposes
 Harsh environment
Far-field energy transfer
 Solar Power Satellites
 Energy to remote areas
 Can broadcast energy globally (in future)
.
15

16. ADVANTAGES
Efficient
Easy
Need for grids, substations etc are eliminated
Low maintenance cost
More effective when the transmitting and receiving points are along a line-
of-sight
Can reach the places which are remote
. .

17. DISADVANTAGES
• When microwaves are used, interference may arise
• When LASERS are used, conversion is inefficient due
to absorption losses.
• It is radioactive in nature
• Distance constraint , initial cost is high.
• Field strength has to be under safety levels
• High frequency signals should be supplied for air
ionization which is not feasible.

18. CONCLUSION
Transmission without wires- a reality
Efficient
Low maintenance cost. But, high initial
cost
Better than conventional wired transfer
Energy crisis can be decreased
Low loss
In near future, world will be completely
wireless

19. REFERENCES
S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, T. Shanmuganantham,” Wireless power
transmission – a next generation power transmission system”,
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) (Volume 1
– No. 13)
Peter Vaessen,” Wireless Power Transmission”, Leonardo Energy,
September 2009
C.C. Leung, T.P. Chan, K.C. Lit, K.W. Tam and Lee Yi Chow, “Wireless Power
Transmission and Charging Pad”
David Schneider, “Electrons unplugged”, IEEE Spectrum, May 2010
Shahrzad Jalali Mazlouman, Alireza Mahanfar, Bozena Kaminska, “Mid-
range Wireless Energy Transfer Using Inductive Resonance for Wireless
Sensors”
Chunbo Zhu, Kai Liu, Chunlai Yu, Rui Ma, Hexiao Cheng, “Simulation and
Experimental Analysis on Wireless Energy Transfer Based on Magnetic
Resonances”, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC),
September 3-5, 2008
. .