2. ALZHEIMER
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also known in
medical literature as Alzheimer disease, is
the most common form of dementia. There
is no cure for the disease, which worsens as
it progresses, and eventually leads to death.
It was first described by German psychiatrist
and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in
1906 and was named after him

3. WHAT CAUSES IT
 The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still essentially
unknown tough there exists many hypothesis still trying to
explain the cause of it.

4. ALZHEIMER
There are 3 stages to Alzheimer’s Disease
Early
Moderate
Advanced

5. EARLY STAGE
 The increasing inability to learn or memorize things eventually
leads to a definitive diagnosis
 Alzheimer’s Disease merely af fects memories from the past, a
patient would only find hard to memorize new data. It also
does not interfere with implicit memory such as riding a
bicycle or using a fork.
 They would also find it hard to communicate themselves by
sinking the vocabulary and decreased word fluency

6. MODERATE STAGE
 Progressive deterioration eventually hinders
independence, with subjects being unable to perform most
common activities of daily living
 It will be harder for the patient to speak due to an inability to
recall vocabulary
 The patient will be subject to sudden anger or crying attacks

7. ADVANCED STAGE
 During the final stage of AD, the person is completely
dependent upon caregivers . Language is reduced to simple
phrases or even single words, eventually leading to complete
loss of speech. Despite the loss of verbal language
abilities, people can often understand and return emotional
signals. Although aggressiveness can still be present, extreme
apathy and exhaustion are much more common results.
 People with AD will ultimately not be able to perform even the
simplest tasks without assistance . Muscle mass and mobility
deteriorate to the point where they are bedridden, and they
lose the ability to feed themselves . AD is a terminal
illness, with the cause of death typically being an external
factor, such as infection of pressure ulcers or pneumonia, not
the disease itself.

8. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
 Parkinson's disease (PD) belongs to a group of conditions
called motor system disorders, which are the result of the loss
of dopamine-producing brain cells.
 The disease is named after the English doctor James
Parkinson, who published the first detailed description in An
Essay on the Shaking Palsy in 1817. Several major
organizations promote research and improvement of quality of
life of those with the disease and their families.

9. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
 The four primary symptoms of PD are tremor, or trembling in
hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face; rigidity, or stif fness of the
limbs and trunk; bradykinesia, or slowness of movement; and
postural instability, or impaired balance and coordination. As
these symptoms become more pronounced, patients may have
dif ficulty walking, talking, or completing other simple tasks.
PD usually af fects people over the age of 50.

10. PARKINSON’S DISEASE
 There is no cure for Parkinson's disease, but
medications, surgery and multidisciplinary management can
provide relief from the symptoms.
 The American Parkinson Disease Association, Inc. was
founded in 1961 to "ease the burden and find a cure" for
Parkinson's disease. Headquartered in New York, the
organization focuses its energies on research, patient
services, education and raising public awareness about the
disease. APDA supports nine Centers for Advanced
Research, 52 regional Information and Referral (I&R)
Centers, 45 chapters, and 250 af filiated support groups
nationwide.

11. VERTIGO
Vertigo is the feeling that you or your environment
is moving or spinning. It differs from dizziness in
that vertigo describes an illusion of movement.
When you feel as if you yourself are moving, it's
called subjective vertigo, and the perception that
your surroundings are moving is called objective
vertigo.

12. VERTIGO
Causes
 Sudden head movements or moving the head in
a certain direction.
 A viral or bacterial inner ear infection.
 Head trauma and neck injury may also result in
vertigo
 Migraine, a severe form of headache

13. VERTIGO
Symptoms
 Vertigo implies that there is a sensation of motion
either of the person or the environment, often
perceived as if the room is spinning around you the
individual may also have any or all of these symptoms:
 Sweating,
 abnormal eye movements.
 Nausea or vomiting

14. VERTIGO
Diagnosis
 The evaluation of vertigo consists primarily of a
medical history and physical exam.
 The doctor may perform tests such as a CT scan if a
brain injury is suspected to be the cause of vertigo.
 Blood tests to check blood sugar levels and the use of
an electrocardiogram (ECG) to look at heart rhythm
may also be helpful

15. VERTIGO
Treatment Medications
 Self-care at home • meclizine hydrochloride
(Antivert)
 Home therapy • diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
 Supervision of a
doctor • scopolamine transdermal
patch (Transderm-Scop)
• promethazine hydrochloride
(Phenergan)
• diazepam (Valium)

16. VERTIGO
Prevention
 People whose balance is affected by vertigo should
take precautions to prevent injuries from falls.
 Those with risk factors for stroke should control
their high blood pressure and high cholesterol and
stop smoking.
 Individuals with Meniere's disease should limit salt
in their diet.