The dry deciduous forests of Maruthamalai, part of Western Ghats, Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu hold rich number of 201 species belonging to 153 genera of 51 families. The families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Mimosaceae and Euphorbiaceae have contributed high number of species 19, 18, 13, 12 respectively to the community. In the floristic list, a high number of 165 species (82.5%) is recognized as economically important also. Based on the importance value index secured, it is determined that the species like Acacia tora, Albizzia amara, A. lebbeck, Azadirachta indica, Chromolaena odorata, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Euphorbia antiquorum, Fluggea leucopyrus, Pterolobium indicum and Zizyphus oenoplia are considered to be ecologically important and established well in the low hills of Maruthamalai (450m above m.s.l.). In higher altitudes at 750m above msl, the species like Albizzia amara, Azadirachta indica, Chloroxylon swietenia, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Fluggea leucopyrus and Holoptelea integrifolia have secured higher importance value index and established well in the habitats. At 950m above m.s.l., the vegetation has been occupied predominantly by the species like Acacia torta, Albizzia amara, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Fluggea leucopyrus and Syzigium cumini as they derived higher importance value index. Among the 165 medicinal plants, 37 species (22%) where present in all the three plots located at different altitudes. Despite the variation in species composition and ecological importance at all levels of altitudes throughout the Maruthamalai hills, the habitat conditions are favourable for the growth of plants of higher secondary metabolites of medicinal importance. Hence wastelands available in Maruthamalai hills may be suggested for the cultivation of native medicinal and other economically important plants. Article Citation: Paulsamy S. Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu – A potential ecosystem for medicinal plants. Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1(1): 012-026. Full Text: http://plantsciences.co.in/documents/PS0005.pdf

1. Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu –
A potential ecosystem for medicinal plants.
Keywords:
Maruthamali, Western Ghats, Medicinal plants.
ABSTRACT:
The dry deciduous forests of Maruthamalai, part of Western Ghats,
Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu hold rich number of 201 species belonging to 153
genera of 51 families. The families Poaceae, Fabaceae, Mimosaceae and
Euphorbiaceae have contributed high number of species 19, 18, 13, 12 respectively to
the community. In the floristic list, a high number of 165 species (82.5%) is
recognized as economically important also. Based on the importance value index
secured, it is determined that the species like Acacia tora, Albizzia amara, A. lebbeck,
Azadirachta indica, Chromolaena odorata, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon
monogynum, Euphorbia antiquorum, Fluggea leucopyrus, Pterolobium indicum and
Zizyphus oenoplia are considered to be ecologically important and established well in
the low hills of Maruthamalai (450m above m.s.l.). In higher altitudes at 750m above
msl, the species like Albizzia amara, Azadirachta indica, Chloroxylon swietenia,
Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Fluggea leucopyrus and Holoptelea
integrifolia have secured higher importance value index and established well in the
habitats. At 950m above m.s.l., the vegetation has been occupied predominantly by
the species like Acacia torta, Albizzia amara, Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon
monogynum, Fluggea leucopyrus and Syzigium cumini as they derived higher
importance value index. Among the 165 medicinal plants, 37 species (22%) where
present in all the three plots located at different altitudes. Despite the variation in
species composition and ecological importance at all levels of altitudes throughout
the Maruthamalai hills, the habitat conditions are favourable for the growth of plants
of higher secondary metabolites of medicinal importance. Hence wastelands
available in Maruthamalai hills may be suggested for the cultivation of native
medicinal and other economically important plants.
012-026 | JRPS | 2011 | Vol 1 | No 1
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www.plantsciences.info
Authors:
Paulsamy S.
Institution:
Department of Botany
Kongunadu Arts and Science
College, Coimbatore-
641 029, India.
Corresponding author:
Paulsamy S.
Email:
paulsami@yahoo.com
Web Address:
http://plantsciences.info/
documents/PS0005.pdf.
Dates:
Received: 10 Nov 2011 /Accepted: 15 Nov 2011 /Published: 28 Nov 2011
Article Citation:
Paulsamy S.
Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu –
A potential ecosystem for medicinal plants.
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026
Original Research Paper
Journal of Research in Plant SciencesJournalofResearchinPlantSciences
Journal of Research in
Plant Sciences
An International Scientific
Research Journal
An International Scientific Research Journal

2. INTRODUCTION
Maruthamalai hills of Western Ghats
harbour rich number of plant species in their
forests. Species composition is varied considerably
according to the altitude in that region. They
belong to different life-forms and many of the
species are recognized as medicinally or important.
Owing to this fact, these bioresources are exploited
by the local public and herb gatherers. In addition
the existence of the temple for the Lord Muruga is a
pilgrimage attraction, due to which thousands of
people are visiting every day and disturb the
vegetation considerably. Easy accessibility and high
transport facility are also encouraging the public to
disturb the vegetation and hence the species
distraction in this region. Hence for management
and conservation, knowledge on ecological features
of the species of the ecosystem is most essential. In
the present study, an attempt has been made to
know the species composition, proportion of
medicinal plants and perpetuation level in terms of
ecological importance in the vegetations at three
different altitudes of Maruthamalai.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study area
Maruthamalai hills, part of Western Ghats in
Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu lies between 76º
45' and 76º 55' E and 11º 0' and 11º 5' N. The forest
type of this region is dry deciduous (Champion and
Seth, 1968). Annual rainfall is around 450mm and
temperature in an year is varying between 17ºC and
38ºC. The hills occupy the altitudinal range
between 450 and 975m above msl. The soil is
generally shallow with sandy loam texture. Rocky
substratum is available at steepy areas.
Vegetation analysis
Three experimental plots (1ha each), each
one at the altitudes viz., 450, 750 and 950m above
msl were established in Maruthamalai hills. In the
month of August, 2005 (middle of the south-west
monsoon period) phytosociological analysis was
carried out to know the ecological importance of all
species through determining frequency, density and
basal area following Curtis and McIntosh (1950),
Philips (1959) and Curtis (1959). For sampling
purpose, each plot was divided into 25 number of
20x20m workable units.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The floristic list, all over the Maruthamalai
hills contains a total number of 201 species which
comes under 153 genera and 51 families (Table 1).
Among these species, 50 were trees 41 were shrubs,
79 were herbs and 31 were climbers. This rich
diversity of taxa may be attributed to the suitable
microclimatic conditions available in the study area
through out the hill ranges from foot hills to top. In
addition, the adaptive features developed by many
constituent species to resist the dry conditions may
aid to survive them in this ecosystem. John Britto
et al., (2001) enumerated a high number of over
150 species in a dry deciduous forest at Pudukottai
district of Tamil Nadu. Similarly, Kadamban and
Balachandran (2005) identified a high diversity of
178 species included in 78 genera and 39 families
in the deciduous forests of Pondicherry. The
members of the families such as Poaceae, Fabaceae,
Mimosaceae and Euphorbiaceae were dominating
the Maruthamalai ecosystem by contributing higher
number of 19, 18, 13 and 12 species respectively to
the community. It is of common fact that the
members of these families are most common in dry
tropical forests in comparison to other families
(Pandit, 2003). Perez-Garcian and Meave (2004)
and Fa-Hu Chen et al., (2006) pointed out that the
members of Poaceae, Leguminosae and
Euphorbiaceae generally possessed higher
ecological amplitude by having many adoptive
features at morphological, anatomical and
physiological levels to resist xeric conditions. This
fact may be attributed to the predominance of the
members of these families in the study area. The
frequency of higher distribution of these species in
the adjoining Velliangiri hills (Murugasen, 2005)
may also be a factor for the supply of propagules to
the study area, Maruthamalai hills, in addition to
the self supply by the Maruthamalai habitats.
The results of the study report that out of
201 species, a greater number of 165 (83%) were
recognized as medicinally important and the
detailed account on the aspects such as ecological
importance in terms of importance value index
(IVI) secured by the individual species, parts used,
medicinal uses and mode of administration are
given in Table 2. The existence of rich number of
medicinal plants may be explained due to the
prevalence of longer period of drought in the
ecosystem which may induce the plants to produce
more varieties of secondary metabolites as defense
mechanism for their survival and establishment
(Baldizan et al., 2006). Paulsamy et al., (2006,
2007) also identified a high number of medicinally
important species in the nearby vegetations of
Nilgiri hills. The perpetuation level in terms of
ecological importance was generally appreciable for
Paulsamy.,2011
013 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026

3. all the medicinal species. It indicates that the
medicinal plant species adequately defend the
drought stress by producing secondary metabolites
and hence established well in Maruthamalai forests
as explained by Hua Yu et al. (2010) for the
distribution of medicinal plants in the southern
Chinese vegetations.
The study further revealed that the altitude is
an important factor which limits the distribution and
importance of several species in Maruthamalai.
Among the medicinal plants, the species viz., Acacia
torta, Albizzia amara, A. lebbeck, Azadirachta
indica, Chromolaena odorata, Commiphora caudata,
Erythroxylon monogynum, Euphorbia antiquorum,
Fluggea leucopyrus, Pterolobium indicum, Syzigium
cumini and Zizyphus oenoplia are considered to be
ecologically well established in the low hills of
Maruthamalai (Plot I-450m above msl). Similarly, in
plots II (750m above msl) and III (950m above msl)
the medicinal species viz., Acacia torta, Albizzia
amara, Azadirachta indica, Chloroxylon swietenia,
Commiphora caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum,
Fluggea leucopyrus, Holoptelea integrifolia and
Syzigium cumini, and Acacia torta, Commiphora
caudata, Erythroxylon monogynum, Fluggea
leucopyrus and Syzigium cumini were respectively
determined as ecologically important due to their
high perpetuation level. The variation in local
climate at different altitudes may cause this
difference in structural organization of communities.
However a sizeable number of 15 medicinal herbs
out of 54 species (28%), 9 medicinal shrubs out of 38
species (24%), 8 medicinal trees out of 44 species
(18%) and 5 medicinal climbers out of 29 species
(17%) were determined to be present in all the study
plots through out the altitudinal range of
Maruthamalai hills (Table 2). All these species were
perpetuated and established well in all habitats as
they derived generally higher IVI values. It indicates
that all these species are well acclimatized in all
microclimatic conditions of Maruthamalai hills by
producing more amount of secondary metabolites as
defense mechanism.
The findings of the present investigation
showed that the general macroclimate and local
microclimate are favourable for rich diversity of
plant species with respect to medicinal flora. Hence
to meet the demand and to conserve the wilds,
cultivation of medicinal plants particularly the
common species recorded in all the three plots (Table
2) is suggested in the open forests and other open
lands of Maruthamalai. The high IVI value secured
by them confirms the suitability at all areas of
Maruthamalai hills.
Paulsamy.,2011
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026 014
S.
No
Family
No. of
genera
No. of
species
1 Acanthaceae 6 8
2 Agavaceae 1 1
3 Aizoaceae 1 1
4 Amaranthaceae 6 6
5 Apocyanaceae 4 5
6 Aristolochiaceae 1 1
7 Asclepiadaceae 7 7
8 Asparagaceae 1 1
9 Asteraceae 5 5
10 Bignoniaceae 1 1
11 Boraginaceae 1 1
12 Burseraceae 1 2
13 Cactaceae 1 1
14 Caesalpiniaceae 5 8
15 Capparidaceae 4 7
16 Caryophyllaceae 1 1
17 Celastraceae 2 2
18 Colchicaceae 1 1
19 Combretaceae 1 1
20 Convolvulaceae 4 6
21 Cucurbitaceae 3 3
22 Cyperaceae 3 4
23 Drasaenaceae 1 1
24 Ebenaceae 1 1
25 Erythroxylaceae 1 1
26 Euphorbiaceae 8 12
27 Fabaceae 13 18
28 Lamiaceae 2 2
29 Malvaceae 5 9
30 Meliaceae 1 1
31 Menispermaceae 4 5
32 Mimosaceae 7 13
33 Moraceae 2 3
34 Myrtaceae 2 2
35 Nyctaginaceae 2 2
36 Oleaceae 1 1
37 Passifloraceae 1 1
38 Poaceae 14 19
39 Polygalaceae 1 2
40 Portulacaceae 1 1
41 Rhamnaceae 2 4
42 Rubiaceae 7 9
43 Rutaceae 4 5
44 Santalaceae 1 1
45 Sapindaceae 3 4
46 Solanaceae 1 1
47 Sterculiaceae 1 1
48 Tiliaceae 2 4
49 Ulmaceae 1 1
50 Verbenaceae 3 3
51 Vitaceae 1 1
Table 1. Family-wise contribution of genera and
included species in Maruthamalai.

4. Paulsamy.,2011
015 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026
S.
No.
NameofthespeciesFamilyIVIDistributionPartsused
Medicinalandothereconomic
importance#
Modeof
administration
1
Herbs
AcalyphaindicaL.
Euphorbiaceae
1.21*Wholeplant
Antidiabeticactivity,diabetes,
ulcers,bronchitis,localapplications
ofcentipedestings
Leafjuice,paste,
powder
2
Acanthospermumhispidum
DC.
Asteraceae1.01LeavesCureyellowfeverLeafjuice
3AchyranthesasperaL.Amaranthaceae1.18*Wholeplant
Antidote,piles,boils,skineruptions,
abortifacient,piles,asthma,kidney
diseases,dysentery
Decoctionofplant
(or)plantjuice,leaf
paste,rootpaste,
powder
4AervalanataJuss.Amaranthaceae0.79Wholeplant
Diuretic,diabetes,appliedonfresh
cuts-burns
Decoctionofplant,
paste
5
Alternantherapungens
Kunth.
Amaranthaceae0.91*WholeplantDiuretic,gonorrhoeaDecoctionofherb
6AlysicarpusmoniliferDC.Fabaceae1.12RootsFeverPowder
7A.rugosusDC.Fabaceae4.25RootsFeverPowder
8AmaranthusviridisL.Amaranthaceae1.30*WholeplantAntidote,snakebite,diuretic,
inflammations,boils,abscesses
Juice,paste
9BarleriabuxifoliaL.Acanthaceae1.11
Leaves,
roots
Cough,inflammations
Decoctionofleaves,
powder
10B.prionitisL.Acanthaceae0.72
Leaves,
roots
Leaveschewedrelievetoothache,
cough,fever,boils,glandular
swelling
Leafjuice,root
paste
11
Blepharismaderaspatensis
(L.)B.HenyneexRoth.
Acanthaceae1.28WholeplantVenerealdiseasesPowder
12BoerhaaviadiffusaL.Nyctaginaceae2.06*Wholeplant
Asthma,jaundice,antidote,spleen
enlargement,abdominalpain,scanty
urine,internalinflammations
Leafjuice,paste,
powder
13BorreriahispidaK.Sch.Rubiaceae1.13*
Leaves,
roots
Toothworm,,alternaticscarcity
Vapouroftheplant
inhale,Decoctionof
root
14B.ocymoidesDC.Rubiaceae1.59RootsToothwarmDecoctionofroot
15CassiaoccidentalisL.Caesalpiniaceae1.43
Leaves,
roots,fruits
Rheumatism,digestive,diabetes,
wheezing,ringworm,saliva
secretion,scorpionsting
Decoctionofleaves,
leafpaste,rootpaste
16CleomeviscosaL.Capparidaceae1.10Wholeplant
Diarrhoea,stimulant,antidote,
cardiacdisorders
Leafjuice,paste,
powder
Table2.ThespeciesofmedicinalimportanceindrydeciduousforestoftheMaruthamalaihillswiththeirimportancevalueindex(IVI).

5. Paulsamy.,2011
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026 016
17CrotolariaverrucosaL.Fabaceae1.09Leaves
Bloodpurification,dyspepsia,
fever,biliousness,scabiesand
impetigointernalandexternal
Leafjuice,leaf
paste
18CrotonbonplandianumBaillEuphorbiaceae1.02SeedsDyspepsiaPowder
19CynodondactylonPers.Poaceae2.05*Wholeplant
Diuretic,antidote,stomachtrouble,
vomiting,skindiseases
Leafjuice,paste
20DesmodiumtriflorumDC.Fabaceae2.31*Wholeplant
Cough,antidote,dysentery,
bronchitis,diarrhea,abscess
Leafjuice,paste
21EuphorbiahirtaL.Euphorbiaceae3.22*Wholeplant
Antidote,asthma,diarrhea,
bronchitis,kidneydisorders,bowel
complaints
stemextract,root
extract,paste
22EvolvulusalsinoidesL.Convolvulaceae2.51WholeplantAsthma,anthelmintic,bronchitisPlantjuice,powder
23GloriosasuperbaL.Lilaceae0.61Tubers
Tonic,stomachic,anthelmintic,skin
diseases,neuralgicpains,drug
vomiting,dyspepsia,digestive,
ulcers,gastrointestinalirritant
abortifaction
Powder,tonic
24
Heteropogoncontortus
Beauv.
Poaceae2.82*Culms,roots
Thatching,stimulant,diuretic,
rheumatism
Powder
25HibiscusmicranthusL.f.Malvaceae2.39FruitsFebrifugePowder
26IndigoferaenneaphyllaL.Fabaceae0.80Wholeplant
Diruetic,antiscorbutic,boiled,oil
appliedburns
Decoctionofplant,
juice,powder
27
JusticiatranquebariensisL.
f.
Acanthaceae1.24*Leaves
Coolingaperients,smallpoxin
children
Leafjuice
28Leucasaspera(Spr.)LaminaceaeWholeplant
Headache,cough,cold,eye
complaints,chronicrheumatism
Leafjuice,paste
29
Malvastrum
coromandelianum(Garcke)
Malvaceae0.77Leaves,flowers
Dysentery,inflamedsores,antidote,
pectoraldiaphoretic
Decoctionofplant
30MollugopentaphyllaL.Azoaceae3.17*Leaves
Antiseptic,stomachic,antiperiodia,
earache
Leafjuice
31OldenlandiaumbellataL.Rubiaceae1.82Leaves,roots
Asthma,bronchitis,respiratorytract
problems,washofpoisonousbites
Decoctionofleaves,
paste
32
Orthosiphonthymiflorus
(Roth.)Sleesen.
Lamiaceae0.73Wholeplant
Diarrhoea,scabies,antidote,ulcer,
fever
Powder
33
Partheniumhysterophorus
L.
Asteraceae1.07Wholeplant
Dysentery,liverpain,abortion,
amenorrhoea,debility,febrifuge
Decoctionofroot
34PavoniazeylanicaCav.Malvaceae2.08RootsHernia,febrifuge,anthelminiticPowder
35
Peristrophebicalyculata
Nees.
Acanthaceae1.74WholeplantEyeailments,bonefracture-sprainsLeafjuice,powder

6. Paulsamy.,2011
017 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026
36
Phyllanthus
maderaspatensisL.
Euphorbiaceae2.47Leaves
Headache,diuretic,diarrhea,
dysentery,jaundice
Leafjuice
37
Polycarpaeacorymbosa
Lam.
Caryophyllaceae1.03
Leaves,flowers,
stems
Poultice,cold,overboils,
inflammatoryswellings,jaundice,
demulcent
Leafjuice,paste
38PolygalabulbothrixDunn.Polygalaceae0.99Leaves,roots
Asthma,chronicbronchitis,
catarrhalaffections,fever
Decoctionofroot
39P.jacobiChandrab.Polygalaceae0.61RootsPurgative,cold,cough,headacheDecoctionofroot
40PortulacaquadrifidaL.Portulaceae0.49LeavesCoolingandantiscorbutic,ulcerDecoctionofleaves
41
PseudarthriaviscidaW.&
A.
Fabaceae0.82Roots
Rheumatism,asthma,heartdiseases,
dyspepsia,diabetes,diuretic,
digestive,diarrhea
Decoctionofroot,
powder
42RhynchosiadensifloraDC.Fabaceae0.66RootsRingwormRootpaste
43Rothiaindica(L.)Druce.Fabaceae0.78Leaves,podsScarcityBoiledleaves
44RuelliapatulaJacq.Acanthaceae0.60WholeplantPsoriosisDriedpowder
45
Sansevieraroxburghiana
(Schult.f)
Agavaceae2.99TendershootsEaracheShootjuice
46SidaacutaBurm.F.Malvaceae1.49*Wholeplant
Demulcent,diuretic,rheumatic
affections,sellings,sores,chest
pain,anthelmintic,stomachic,
diaphoretic,ulcerantidote.
Leafjuice,root
juice,decoctionof
root,paste
47S.cordata(Burm.f.)Borss.Malavaceae1.65*Wholeplant
Fever,arthritis,hyperdiuresis,
diarrhea
Powder
48S.cordifoliaL.Malavaceae1.29
Leaves,roots,bark,
seeds
Antidote,elephantiasis,dysentery,
diuretic,demulcent,bowel
complaints,piles,colic
Plantjuice,root
powder
49S.rhomboideaRoxb,Malavaceae0.41Leaves,roots,stem
Rheumatism,demulcent,ephedrine,
emollient,diuretic,febrifuge
Powder
50TephrosiapurpureaPers.Fabaceae3.10Wholeplant
Liverdiseases,diarrhea,
rheumatism,vomiting,urinary
disorders,asthma,spleen
enlargement,colicstomachache
Decoctionofplant,
decoctionofroot,
paste,tonic
51T.villosaW.&A.Fabaceae1.43Leaves,rootsDryopsy,hypoglycaemicpropertiesPaste
52TridaxprocumbensL.Asteraceae2.85*LeavesDysentery,diarrhea,antidoteLeafjuice
53VernoniacinereaEss.Asteraceae1.88Wholeplant
Indigestion,piles,malarialfever,
skintroubles
Leafjuice,paste
54WaltheriaindicaL.Sterculiaceae0.71
Root,flowers,
leaves,rootbark
Skineruptions,cleaningwounds,
cough,astringent,febrifuge,
emollient
Decoctionofroot,
resinouspowder

7. Paulsamy.,2011
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026 018
55
Shrubs
AcaciatortaCraib.Mimosaceae8.25*Freshleaves,barkMenstrualdisordersDecoction
56AcalyphafruiticosaFrossk.Euphorbiaceae2.92Leaves,roots
Antidote,attenuant,stomachic,
opthalmia,gonorrhoea
Leafjuice,powder
57
Asparagusracemosus
Willd.
Asparagaceae0.64Tuberousroots
Dysentery,urinarydisorders,
antidysentric,aphrodisiac,gout,
rheumatism,bodypain,impotency
Paste,powder
58BarleriaacuminataW.Acanthaceae0.96RootsFever
Powder
59BreyniarhamnoidesM.Arg.Euphorbiaceae1.11Driedleaves,barkAstringent,ovulaandtonsilsPowder
60CadabaindicaLam.Capparidaceae1.28
Leaves,roots,
flowers
Emmenagogue,uterineobstructions,
deobstrent,anthelminticand
aperient,femalesterility
Decoctionofroot,
powder
61CalotropisgiganteaR.Br.Asclepidaceae0.32*Wholeplant
Dogbite,ratbite,snakebite,
scorpionsting,cough,asthma,
healingofwoundsandboils,
elephantiasis,antidote,tumors,
syphilis,fever,handpain.
Powderandpaste
62CapparisbrevispinaDC.Capparidaceae1.75FruitsToreducebodytemperatureDecoctionoffruit
63C.grandisL.f.Capparidaceae1.17Leaves,barkInternalofswellingeruptionsPaste
64C.zeylanicaL.Capparidaceae1.68Leaves,rootbark
Stomachic,fever,bodyache,piles,
swellingsoftesticles
Pasteofrootbark
65CarissacarandasL.Apocynaceae1.39Fruits,roots
Stomachic,antscorbutic,digestive,
hypotensivebloodpressure,scabies,
anthelmintic
Pasteandpowder
66C.spinarumL.Apocynaceae1.17Leaves,roots,stemPurgative,cordiotonicactivity
Extractofleaves,
tonic
67
Carmonaretusa(Vahl.)
Mas.
Borginaceae3.38
Ripefruits,bark,
freshroots,leaves
Antidote,cough,stomachtroubles,
skeletalfractures
Decoctionofleaves,
powder
68CassiaauriculataL.Caselpinaceae1.75
Roots,bark,leaves,
flowers,seeds
Diabetes,dysentery,abdominal
disorders,tumors,skindiseases,
anthelmintic
Leafjuice,flower
juice,powder,paste
69
Chromolaenaodorata(L.)
R.M.King&H.Roxb.
Asteraceae4.56*Leaves
Antisepticagent,curedeepcutsand
wounds
Leafjuice,leaf
paste
70Dodonaeaviscosa(L.)Jacq.Sapindaceae1.64*
Leaves,roots,bark,
seeds
Rheumatism,swellings,cough,
backache,sprain,fishpoison,
woundsandswellings
Boiledleaves,root
paste,powder
71
Erythroxylonmonogynum
Roxb,
Erythroxylaceae13.00*Wood,barkFever,dyspepsia,skindiseasesAshoftheplant

8. Paulsamy.,2011
019 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026
72FluggealeucopyrusWilld.Euphorbiaceae6.49*LeavesTodestroyworms,insoresLeafjuice
73Grewiahirsuta(Vahl.)Tiliaceae1.22Leaves,fruits,roots
Diarrhoea,dysentery,cold,fever,
chronic,cough,wounds
Pasteandpowder
74G.flavescensJuss.Tiliaceae1.41DrupeFeverDecoctionofdrupe
75G.villosa(Willd.)Tiliaceae0.97Roots,freshbark
Diarrhoea,irritabilityofbladder,
gonorrhoea,sugarandwaterurinary
complaints.InAfrica,usedforsmall
pox,syphilis.
Freshbarkjuice,
rootjuice
76
Jasminumauriculatum
(Vahl.)
Oleaceae1.49Roots,flowers
Skindiseases,ringworm,burning
sensation,depurative,cardiotonic,
diuretic,ulcers
Pasteandpowder
77JatrophaglanduliferaRoxb.Euphorbiaceae1.39Roots,freshbark,oil
Skindiseases,coldsaponification,
rheumatism,poundedchildren
abdominalenlargement,parasitic
infections,glandularswellings
Paste,oil
78LantanacamaraL.Verbinaceae2.98*Wholeplant
Diaphoretic,dysentery,tumors,
pilesandrheumatism,fever,ulcer,
swellings
Decoctionofroot,
rootjuice,paste
79
Munduleasericea(Willd.)
A.Cheval.
Fabaceae1.09RootbarkAmorphousfractionsExtractofrootbark
80
Naringicrenulata(Roxb.)
Nicolson
Rutaceae0.11Fruits,rootsAntidotetoinsect,colic
Decoctionoffruit,
powder
81Opuntiastricta(Haw.)Haw.Cactaceae0.09Fruits
Indolentulcers,whoopingcough,
inflammation
Fruitjuice
82PavettaindicaL.Rubiaceae0.94Leaves,wood,roots
Rheumatism,laxative,tonic,hernia,
dysentery,haemorrhoidpain
Boiledleaves,root,
powder
83PhyllanthusreticulatesPoirEuphorbiaceae1.98Wholeplant
Diuretic,diarrhea,stomachic,sores,
burns,skineruptions,obesity
Leafjuice,paste
84
PterolobiumindicumA.
Rich
Fabaceae5.67DriedflowerFeverPowder
85RandiadumetorumLamRubiaceae2.05
Bark,pulpofthe
fruits,roots
Diarrhoea,dysentery,emetic,
abortificient,rheumatism,painof
bruises,bone-ache,fever,
diaphoretic,asthma,ulcers,tumors
Extractsofrootand
bark,paste
86R.malabaricaLam.Rubiaceae0.87*FruitsUlcerFruitjuice
87SolanumtorvumSW.Solanaceae0.23Leaves,fruits,roots
Digestive,cold,cough,liverand
spleenenlargement,diuretic,blood
pressure,cracksinthefeet
haemostatic
Decoctionoffruit,
leafextract,root
paste
88Tarennaasiatica(L.)AlstonRubiaceae3.13Fruits,leavesBoils,skindiseasesPaste

9. Paulsamy.,2011
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026 020
89Tecomastans(L.)Kunth.Bignoniaceae0.47RootsDiuretic,antidote,vermifugePowderandpaste
90ToddaliaasiaticaLam.Rubiaceae1.94*Wholeplant
Digestive,stimulant,vulnerytonic,
intermittent,fever,cough,cold,
malaria,diarrhea,bronchitis,
wounds,ulcers,colic,waspstings,
boilsonthetongue
Leafjuice,paste,
flowerjuice
91
Ventilagomaderaspatana
Gaertn.
Rutaceae1.05Bark
Dyspepsia,stimulant,stomachpain,
fever,skindiseases,colic
Powderandpaste
92ZizyphusoenopliaMill.Ramnaceae5.30Rootbark,fruits
Digestive,antiseptic,healingof
wounds,muscularpain,sores,
stomachache
Decoctionofroot,
paste
93
Trees
AcacialeucophloeaWilld.
Ramnaceae
1.96Leaves,bark,gum
Stomachache,fever,dentalcaries,
oralulcers,skindiseases,wounds,
dysentery,diarrhea,demulcent
Leafjuice,
decoctionofbark
94A.nilotica(L.)Del.Mimosaceae3.12*Bark,gumSkindiseases,oralulcers,livertonic
Extractofbark,
bark
95AgaveamericanaL.Agavaceae0.54
Leaves,roots,dried
flowerstalks
Laxative,emmenagogue,diuretic,
diaphoretic,antisyphilitic,
antiseptic,dysentery,malariaand
otherfevers,sores,syphilis,
febrifuge,fishpoison
Rootjuice,paste
96Albizziaamara(Boir.)Mimosaceae12.79*
Leaves,flowers,
seeds,gum
Eyediseases,inflammations,ulcers,
opthalmia,cooling,externally
eruptions,swellings,piles,diarrhea,
leprosy
Powder
97A.lebbeck(Benth.)Mimosaceae7.86
Flowers,pods,root
bark,rootgum,stem
bark,seeds
Anticancer,ophthalmic,wounds,
sprains,inflammations,
hypoglycaemic
Powder
98AtalantiamonophyllaCorr.Rutaceae0.23Leaves,berriesoilRheumatism,paralysis,hemiplegiaLeafjuice,oil
99AzadirachtaindicaA.Juss.Meliaceae8.41*Allparts
Bloodpurifier,skindiseases,
opthalmia,cough,asthma,ulcers,
tumor,eczema,livertonic
Roottonic,bark
paste,seedpowder,
tonic
100
Bambusaarundinacea
Willd.
Poaceae0.68Leaves,roots
Diuretic,skindiseases,general
deility,nausea,wounds,sprouts
Decoctionofroot,
boiledbark,paste

10. Paulsamy.,2011
021 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026
101BauhiniavariegateL.Caesalpiniaceae1.07
Leaves,
flower
buds,root
bark
Cough,dysentery,tumors,inflammations
diabetes,piles,skindiseases,flatulency,
dyspepsia
Decoctionofroot,
boiledbark,paste
102CassiafistulaL.Caesalpiniaceae0.88*
Whole
plant
Diuretic,dyspepsia,fever,diabetes,
cardiopathy,skindiseases,ulcers,
diuretic,jaundice,cough,stomachic,
sores,gastricdisorder
Leafjuice,barkpowder,
rootpaste
103C.siameaLam.Caesalpiniaceae2.97
Aerial
parts,
roots
Diuretic,intestinalwormsandfor
preventingconvulsionsinchildren
Powder
104CassineglaucaLam.Celastraceae4.48
Leaves,
roots
Antidote,swellings,headache
sternutatoryaction
Powderedleaves,root
paste
105
Chloroxylonswietenia
DC.
Rutaceae3.55
Leaves,
young
twigs,root
bark
Rheumatism,wounds,jointpain,malaria
Juiceofyoungtwigs,
leafepaste,decoctionof
bark
106
Commiphoraberryi
(Engl.)
Burseraceae1.77LatexCracksoffeetLatex
107C.caudataEngl.Burseraceae11.0*FruitsPicklesCooked
108
CrateavaadansoniiDC,
Ssp.Odira(Buch-Ham.)
M.Jacobs.
Capparidaceae1.15StembarkDiabetes,leprosyoedemaPowder
109DelonixregiaRaf.Caesalpiniaceae2.88
Flowers,
gum,
seeds
Rheumatism,anthelminticPowder
110
Dictrostachyscinerea
W.&A.
Mimosaceae0.35
Tender
shoots,
roots
Opthalmia,astringent,rheumatism,
urinarycalculi,renaltroubles
Powderandpaste
111
Diospyrosmontana
Roxb.
Ebenaceae1.14
Leaves,
pulpofthe
fruits
Cracksoffeet,boils,stupefyingfishPaste
112
Eucalyptusglobulus
Labill.
Myrtaceae0.85Leaves,oil
Powerfulantiseptic,cardiotonic,
stimulant,diuretic,asthma,diarrhea,
vomiting,sprains,jointpain,head-back
ache
Distilledessentialoilof
leaves
113
Euphorbiaantiquorum
L.
Euphorbiaceae7.16Roots
Cough,stomachic,dyspepsia,wounds,
ulcers,rheumatism
Rootjuice,powder

11. Paulsamy.,2011
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026 022
114FicusbengalensisL.Moraceae1.45
Leaves,buds,
latex,resin,
gum,stem,
bark,fruit,
aerialroots
Diabetes,diaphoretic,anthelmintic,skin
diseases,antidote,toothache,cough,
genitaldiseases,ulcers,diarrhea,
dysentery,astringent,antisyphilitic,
rheumatism
Barkjuice,extractof
aerialroots
115
GardeniagummiferaL.
f.
Rubiaceae2.17Resin
Digestive,diaphoretic,anthelmintic,
cardiotonic,intermittentfever,colic,
obesity,skindiseases
Decoctionofresin
116HibiscustiliaceusL.Malvaceae2.53
Leaves,
flowers,bark,
root
Emetic,dysentery,earache,ulcers,
wounds,diuretic,febrifuge,rheumatism
Boiledflowers,powder
117
Holopteleaintegrifolia
Pl.
Ulmaceae5.51Leaves,barkDigestive,scabies,hydrocele,ringworm,
rheumatism,diaberes,anti-inflammatory
Paste
118MorindatinctoriaRoxb.Rubiaceae0.39RootsAstringent,styptic,alexitericPowder
119
Peltophorum
pterocarpumBackerex
K.Heyne
Fabaceae3.99Bark,seeds
Dysentery,muscularpains,sores,anti
inflammatory,spasmolytic
Powder
120PhyllanthusemblicaL.Euphorbiacea0.12*Fruits,bark
Anaemia,jaundice,cold,eye
inflammation,dyspepsia,bacillary
dysentery,insectbite,bloodpressure
Decoctionoffruits,bark
paste
121
Pithecellobiumdulce
Benth.
Fabaceae0.70
Leaves,bark,
seeds
Astringent,emollient,abortifacient,
insulindermatitis,inflammationofthe
eyes,bloodclotting,dysentery,febrifuge
Extractofseed,powder
122
Pongamiapinnata(L.)
Pierre
Fabaceae2.69
Leaves,
flowers,
fruits,roots,
stembark,
seeds
Dyspepsia,diarrhea,antiseptic,cough,
leprosy,rheumaticpains,sores,foul
ulcerscleaning,bleedingpiles,beriberi,
diabetes,scabies,leucoderma,stomachic,
sluggishliver,fishpoison
Leafjuice,rootjuice,
rootpaste,decoctionof
bark,decoctionof
flowers,seedspowder
123
Premnatomentosa
Willd.
Verbinaceae0.95
Leaves,root,
bark
Diuretic,diarrhea,stomachache,stomach
disorders
Decoctionofroot,
extractofinnerbark
124
Prosopisjuliflora(Sw.)
DC.Kern.
Fabaceae0.76GumAdulterant,emulsifyingagentAsraw

12. Paulsamy.,2011
023 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026
125P.spicigeraL.Fabaceae1.83
Bark,leaves,
seeds
Anthelimintic,astringent,demulcent,
dysentery,leprosy,bronchitis,asthma,
piles,eyetroubles
Pasteandpowder
126SantalumalbumL.Santalaceae2.02Heartwood
Cough,bronchitis,dysentery,jaundice,
intermittentfever,skinboils,reduceheat
-strokeofbody,skindiseases
Pasteofheartwood
127
Schleicheratrijuga
Willd.&Klein.
Sapindaceae0.72
Aril,
inflorescence,
unripefruit,
barkoil
Itch,burns,skintroubles,rheumatism,
snakebite,inflammations,ulcers,
malaria
Powder,paste,oil
128StrebulusasperLour.Moraceae1.66
Leaves,roots,
bark,latex,
seeds
Cough,bronchitis,diarrhea,dysentery,
swellings,fever,antiseptic,scabies,
anemiaafterchildbirth,ulcers,cuts,
boils,syphilis
Leafextract,juice,leaf
paste,rootpowder,
decoctionofroot
129
Syzigiumcumini(L.)
Skeels.
Myrtaceae6.41*
Leaves,bud,
flower,fruits,
bark,seed
Digestive,diuretic,diarrhea,diabetes,
dysenteryofchildren,fever,
strengtheningteeth,vomiting,ringworm,
hypoglycaemicactivity
Extractofleaves,buds,
flowers,bark,pasted
leaves,powder
130TamarindusindicaL.Fabaceae2.12
Leaves,fruits,
seeds,roots
Sorethroat,ulcers,wounds,cough,
worminchildren,eyedisorders,
dysentery,bowelcomplaints,bilous
disorders,swellings,antiseptic
Leafpaste,powder
131TectonagrandisL.f.Verbanaceae0.42Wholeplant
Antiseptic,dyspepsia,diabetes,leprosy,
bronchitis,piles,dysentery,urinary
troubles,headache,skindiseases
Paste,powder
132
TerminaliaarjunaW.&
A.
Combretaceae0.92*
Twigs,
leaves,fruit,
bark
Bodyache,cardiotonic,earache,
fractures,ulcers,demulcent,asthma,
bronchitis,tumors,dysentery,
inflammations
Leafjuice,paste,bark
powder
133
Thespesiapopulnea
Cav.
Malvaceae1.04Wholeplant
Cough,asthma,diabetes,ulcers,cholera,
scabies,ringworm,leprosy,wounds
Fruitjuice,decoctionof
bark
134
Thevetiaperuviana
(Pers.)Merr.
Apocynaceae0.08
Bark,roots,
seeds
Emetic,purgative,plasterappliedto
tumors,abortifacient,rheumatism,
paralysisofheart
Decoctionofseed,seed
paste,powder

13. Paulsamy.,2011
Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026 024
135ZizyphusrugosaLam.Rhamnaceae2.19
Flowers,
petioleof
betelleaf,
bark
Astringent,diarrhea,swellings,teeth
infection
Powder
136Z.trinerviaRoxb.Rhamnaceae0.67Leaves
Purifyblood,cachexia,venereal
affection
Decoctionofleaves
137
Climbers
AbrusprecatoriusL.
Fabaceae
1.67
*Leaves,fruits,
roots,seeds
Cough,cold,colic,biliousness,
leucoderma,itching,skindiseases,
wounds,asthma,ulcers,pheumonia,
nervousdisorders,diuretic,tonic,
jaundice,constituentofliquorice
Leafjuice,decoctionof
leaves,rootpowder,
seedpaste
138
Argyreiaaggregate
(Roxb.)Choisy
Convolvulaceae1.37LeavesCoughLeafpaste
139A.pomaceaChoisyConvolvulaceae1.13RipefruitsUlcerAsraw
140AristolochiaindicaL.Aristolochiaceae1.20*Leaves,roots
Stomachache,snakebite,leprosy,body
itching,sprains,leucoderma,cholera,
bowelcomplaints
Leafjuice,leafpaste,
rootjuice,rootpowder
141CanavaliagladiataDC.Fabaceae0.77Fruits,seeds
Burningsensation,wounds,ulcers,
anorexia,digestive
Paste
142CanavaliamollisW.&
A.
Fabaceae0.70
Seeds,young
leaves
WoundheelingPaste
143
Cardiospermum
canescensWall.
Sapindaceae0.71Leaves
Reducebulkiness,stiffnessinlegs,
jaundice
Leafpaste
144C.halicacabumL.Sapindaceae1.81
Aerialroots,
leaves,seeds
Rheumatism,asthma,diuretic,piles,
diaphoretic,fever,tonic,lumbago-
neuropathy
Leafjuice,powder
145
Celastruspaniculatus
Willd.
Celastraceae0.57
Bark,leaves,
seeds
Abortifacient,leprosy,paralysis,gout,
rheumatism,emmenagogue,antiviral,
piles,fever
Powder
146CissampelospareiraL.Menispermaceae0.96
Root,stem,
leaves
Cough,diarrhoea,dyspepsia,urinary
troubles,skindiseases,bowelcomplains,
sores,abscesses,malarialfever
Boiledleaves,root
powder
147
Cissusquadrangularis
L.
Vitaceae1.17*Wholeplant
Bonefracture,asthma,scurvy,epistaxis,
wounds,dyspepsia,digestive,menstrual
disorder
Leafjuice,rootandstem
paste
148ClitoriaternateaL.Fabaceae2.23
Leaves,
seeds,roots,
Diuretic,asthmaulcers,fever,
rheumatism,eruptions
Leafjuice,rootpaste,
powder

14. Paulsamy.,2011
025 Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026
149
CocciniaindicaWight&
Arn.
Cucurbitaceae1.68WholeplantSores,scabies,skindiseasesPaste,powder
150
Cocculushirsutus
(Diels.)
Menispermaceae1.44Roots,leaves
Chronicrheumatism,gonorrhoea,
inflammationofurinarypassages,eczema,
diabetes,skindiseases
Leafjuice,leafpaste,root
paste
151C.pendulousDiels.Menispermaceae0.86LeavesNosebleeding,antitumour,anticancerExtractofleaves
152DaemiaextensaR.Br.Asclepiadaceae1.83Wholeplant
Cold,cough,fever,asthma,digestive,
menstrualdisorders
Leafjuice,leafpaste,
powder
153
GymnemasylvestreR.
Br.
Asclepiadaceae2.21Wholeplant
Diabetes,digestive,fever,livertonic,
jaundice,stimulant
Decoctionofleaves,
Powder
154
HemidesmusindicusR.
Br.
Asclepiadaceae0.82
Roots,leaves,
stem
Diabetes,asthma,bronchitis,fever,
dysentery,colicpain,ulcers,achingbones,
blisterspain,diarrhoea,dysentery,
vomiting
Extractofroot,rootpaste,
leafpaste
155
Ichnocarpusfrutescens
R.Br.
Apocynaceae0.66
Roots,leaves,
shoots,stem,
gum
Stomachpain,toothache,swellings,
diuretic,diatbetes,dyspepsia,vomiting,
stoneinthebladder,bloodpurifier,
headache,fever
Leavesboiled,decoction
ofshoot,rootpowder
156Ipomoeanill(L.)Roth.Convolvulaceae1.66Seeds
Antiinflammatory,purgative,skindiseases,
dyspepsia,bronchitis,scabies,leucoderma,
fever
Extractofseeds
157I.staphylinaR.&S.Convolvulaceae1.56LatexWoundheelingLatex
158
Kedrostisfoetidissima
(Jacq.)Cogn.
Cucurbitaceae0.57*
Roots,leaves,
fruits
Demulcent,piles,asthmaPowder
159
Leptadeniareticulata
Eetv.
Asclepiadaceae0.22WholeplantLeprosy,tonicandstimulantPlantextract
160PassiflorafoetidaL.Passifloraceae0.87*
Aerialparts,
fruits,roots
Anticancer,memorypower,asthma,
biliousness,hysteria,itches
Decoctionoffruitand
rootpaste,powder
161
Riveahypocrateriformis
Choisy.
Convolvulaceae0.64Leaves,shootsEdiblefragrantPowder
162
Sarcostemma
intermediumDcne.
Asclepiadaceae1.29
Driedstem,
root
Emetic,antidote,haemorrhagePaste
163SecamoneemeticaR.Br.Apocynaceae1.09RootsEmetic,acridPowder
164
Solenaamplexcaulis
(Lam.)Gandhi.
Cucurbitaceae0.98
Tuberous
roots,leaves,
seeds
Digestive,stimulant,diuretic,asthma,
bronchitis,vomiting,allergic
inflammations,colic
Paste
165
Tiliacoraacuminate
Miers.
Menispermaceae1.21RootsRubbedstonestovenomousantidoteRootjuice
#Anonymous(1940-1976);Jain,(1996);Maheshwari,(2000);Singh(2004);Viswanathan,(2004).
*SpeciesofcommonoccurrenceinallthethreeplotsatdifferentaltitudesofMaruthamalaihills.

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Journal of Research in Plant Sciences (2011) 1: 012-026 026
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