CVS in exercise - SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY Cardiovascular system and the influence of exercises on it The effects of exercise on cardiovascular system can be determined it by :- 1. The effect on heart size, 2. The effect on plasma volume , 3. The effect on stroke volume, 4. The effect on heart rate , 5. The effect on cardiac output , 6. The effect on oxygen extraction , 7. The effect on blood flow and distribution 8. The effect on blood pressure

1. -J. Renita cresenciya,
-Pharm.D

2.  The cardiovascular system or the circulatory
system , its an organic system that permits
blood to circulate and transport nutrients(such
as amino acid ,electrolytes) , carbon dioxide
,oxygen, hormone and blood cell to and from
the cell in the body,and also to assist in fighting
disease, regulate body temperature and PH.
 The cardiovascular system consists of
continuous linkage of a pump , a high pressure
distribution circuit , exchange vessels and low
pressure collection and return circuit .

3.  The effects of exercise on cardiovascular
system can be determined it by :-
1.The effect on heart size,
2.The effect on plasma volume ,
3.The effect on stroke volume,
4.The effect on heart rate ,
5.The effect on cardiac output ,
6.The effect on oxygen extraction ,
7.The effect on blood flow and distribution
8.The effect on blood pressure .

4.  Aerobic exercises usually enlarges the heart by
increasing left ventricle cavity size and
thickening of its walls.
 cardiac enlargement of this type called eccentric
hypertrophy.
 Also Endurance training is associated with an
increased cardiac output and volume load on the
left and right ventricles, causing the endurance-
trained heart to generate a mild to moderate
dilatation of the left ventricle combined with a
mild to moderate increase in left ventricular wall
thickness.

5.  The volume of plasma will be increase up
to20% occur with in few training session .This
adaptation enhances circulation and
thermoregulatory dynamics and facilitates
oxygen during exercise to deliver .
 The plasma volume is rapidly increase with
aerobic training also contributes to training
induced eccentric hypertrophy

6.  It is the amount of blood ejected by the left
ventricle in one contraction. Although stroke
volume can refer to either left or right side of
the heart, it is most associated with the left
side. It is measured in ml/beat and generally
has a normal value of about 1 cc/kg. long term
aerobic exercise training may also increase
stroke volume, which frequently results in a
lower (resting) heart rate. Reduced heart rate
prolongs ventricular diastole (filling),
increasing end-diastolic volume, and
ultimately permitting more blood to be
ejected.
 At rest: approximately 80 ml
 During exercise: up to 130 ml

7.  Its the speed of the heart beat measured by the
number of contractions of the heart per unit of time
typically beats per minute (b /pm).The typical human
resting heart rates from 60–100 bpm for children at 10
years and older, and adult (including seniors).
 Before exercise even begins heart rate increases in
anticipation.This is known as the anticipatory
response. It is mediated through the releases of a
neurotransmitters called as adrenaline and
noradrenaline.
 heart rate increases in direct proportion to exercise
intensity until a maximum heart rate is reached.

8.  :The amount of blood pumps by the heart per time
through the circulatory system. it also refers to the
amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle that
supplies blood to the muscles and organs of the body.
 Cardiac output is made up of two components, heart
rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV).
 To measure cardiac output we can use this formula :
 Cardiac output= stroke volume X heart rate
 Cardiac output during exercise increases greatly
owing to the relatively high heart rates that are
achieved during exercise.

9.  At the resting conditions period the oxygen content of
blood varies from about 20ml of oxygen per 100ml of
arterial blood to 14ml of oxygen per 100ml of venous
blood .The difference in oxygen content of arterial
and venous blood is known as a-vO2 difference.
 When exercise intensity increase the a-vO2 difference
increase also and at maximal exertion the difference
between arterial and venous blood oxygen
concentration can be three times that at a resting
level.
 aerobic training significantly increase the quantity of
oxygen extracted from atrial blood during exercise .

10. Aerobic training causes large increase in muscle
blood flow during maximal exercise owing to
:
 Improvement in maximal cardiac output .
 Redistribution of blood from non active area
that temporarily compromise blood flow all
out effort.
 with in the trained muscle tissue
capillarization will increased .

11.  The force exerted by blood on the walls of
blood vessel is refers to a blood pressure. It is
the force that keeps blood circulating and its
generated by the contractions of the left
ventricle .
 At rest, a typical systolic blood pressure in a
healthy individual ranges from 110-140mmHg
and 60-90mmHg for diastolic blood pressure.
 During exercise systolic pressure, the pressure
during contraction of the heart can increase to
over 200mmHg and levels as high as 250mmHg
have been reported in highly trained, healthy
athletes