1. Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction

2. Reflection
 Reflection occurs when waves strike an impervious
barrier.
 If the barrier is straight or flat, then the waves will
reflect at the same angle they struck it.
The angle of incidence = the angle of reflection

3. Reflection
 When a wave strikes a concave barrier they
become curved and are made to converge:

4. Reflection
 When waves strike a convex barrier they are made
to diverge, (spread out).

5. Refraction
 If waves enter shallower water, they travel more
slowly.
 If they enter the shallower water at an angle to their
direction of movement, they will refract.
 The waves bend towards the normal on entering
shallower water and away from the normal on
entering deeper water.

6. Diffraction
 Diffraction occurs when waves pass through a gap in
a boundary.
 If the gap is larger than the wavelength, most of the
waves pass through the gap and continue in a
straight line.

7. Diffraction
 If the gap in the boundary is equal to the
wavelength, the waves radiate and no longer travel
in a straight line; this is called Diffraction.
 Why do you think this might be important when
designing a harbour?