Lung function test

1. LUNG FUNCTION TEST
DR. KISHOR RAMCHANDRA UGALE.

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 Pulmonary function tests are
valuable investigations in the
management of patients with
suspected or previously diagnosed
respiratory disease.

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 Pulmonary function tests (PFTS) are an
important tool in the investigation and
monitoring of patients with respiratory
pathology. They provide important
information relating to the large and small
airways.

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 They aid diagnosis, help monitor
response to treatment and can guide
decisions regarding further treatment
and intervention.

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• Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are that
show how well the lungs are working.
The tests measure lung volume, capacity,
rates of flow, and gas exchange.
• This information can help diagnose and
decide the treatment of certain lung
disorders.

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 There are 2 types of disorders that cause
problems with air moving in and out of the
lungs:
• Obstructive - This is when air has trouble
flowing out of the lungs due to airway
resistance. This causes a decreased flow of
air.

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• Restrictive - This is when the lung tissue
and/or chest muscles can’t expand
enough. This creates problems with air
flow, mostly due to lower lung volumes.

9. LUNG FUNCTION TEST - Spirometer
• spiro means breath and meter means a
measuring instrument that meaning
Spirometer
• air in lungs may be subdivide at different
Point into four different values & four different
capacities recorded these are recorded with
the help of the instrument know as
Spirometer.

10. LUNG FUNCTION TEST - Spirometry
• The procedure by which the pulmonary
ventilation, various lung volume and lung
capacities are measured is called
Spirometry.
• now a day computerized spirometer is
available in which the graphical record can
be obtained.

11. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
LUNG VOLUMES -
It is the non – overlapping
subdivisions of total lungs air.

12. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
LUNG VOLUMES
Tidal volume- TV - 1 ) The volume of air
inhaled or exhaled during quiet breathing.
2) It is amount of air breathed in and out
of lungs in normal quiet respiration.
In normal adult male it is 500 mL

14. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
LUNG VOLUMES
Respiratory minute volume (RMV) - by
definition RMV can be Obtained by
multiplying tidal volume by respiratory
rate per minute and approximately equal
to
500 mL x 12 = 6 liters/minute

15. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
LUNG VOLUMES
Inspiratory Reserve volume (IRV) – 1) it is
additional maximum amount of air that can be
after the end of normal inspiration beyond
tidal volume -3300 ml.
2) Maximal air that can be inhaled after a
quiet inspiration It amount 2-0 to 3.3 liters,
2000 to 3300ml in young male adult.

16. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
LUNG VOLUMES
Expiratory Reserve volume (ERV) –
1) Maximal air that can be breathed out after
quiet Expiration It amount 1 liters it is 1100 ml.
2) it is additional maximum amount of air that
can be exhaled after normal expiration it
1000ml

17. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
LUNG VOLUMES
Residual Volume (RV) –
It is the amount of air remained in the
lungs even after forced Expiration.
it is 1200 ml

18. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
Lung Capacities

19. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
Lung Capacities
Lung Capacities –
These are combination of two or more
lung volumes.

20. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
Lung Capacities
Inspiratory Capacity (IC) –
maximal volume of air Inhaled after
full expiration.
TV +IRV = about 3.5 liters, 3500 ml

21. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
Lung Capacities
Functional Residual capacity (FRC) -
volume of air remaining in the lungs
after a quiet expiration.
RV + ERV = about 2-2 liters to 2.3
liters means 2200 ml to 2300 ml

22. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
Lung Capacities
Total lungs Capacity (TLC) -
Total volume of air present in the lungs
after maximum Inspiration is known as
total lungs capacity.
IC + FRC = about 5.7 to 5.3 liters 5700 ml
to 6000ml

23. LUNG FUNCTION TEST - Spirometry
Vital capacity (V.C) -
maximal volume of air exhaled after
forced full inspiration .
I C + ERV = about 4.5 to 5.6 liters, 4500 ml
to 4600 ml.

24. LUNG FUNCTION TEST – Spirometry
Lung Capacities

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PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE [PEFR]
PEAK EXPIRATORY Flow RATE [PEFR]
DEFINATION-
The maximum rate at which the air
Can be Expired after a deep Inspiration
is know as Peak Expiratory flow rate.
[PEFR]

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PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE [PEFR]
• Normal Value - In Normal persons it is
400 liters /minute
• Measurement - Peak expiratory flow rate
is determined by using the instrument
wright's peak flow meter or a mini Peak
flow meter.

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PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE [PEFR]
• SIGNIFICANCE OF DETERMINING PEFR
• Determination of Peaks explanatory flow
rate is useful for assessing the respiratory
diseases especially to differentiate the
obstructive & restrictive disease.

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PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE [PEFR]
• generally PEFR is reduced any type of
respiratory disease However, the reduction
is more significant in the obstructive
disease than in the restrictive disease.

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PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE [PEFR]
• Thus in restrictive diseases the PEFR is
200 liters / minute.
• And in obstructive disease it is only 100
liters / minute.