This document discusses different types of sewers based on their function, material, and shape. It describes soil pipes, waste pipes, lateral sewers, house sewers, branch sewers, and main sewers based on their function in collecting and transporting wastewater. Sewers can also be categorized based on the material used such as brick, vitrified clay, cement concrete, steel, cast iron, asbestos, or plastic. Their shapes include circular, egg-shaped, horseshoe-shaped, parabolic, rectangular, and semi-circular. The document also examines combined, separate, and solid free sewerage systems and their applicability in urban and rural areas. Open channels and drains are also discussed as

1. TYPES OF SEWERS

2. Prepared by
 Ravaliya Nirmal

3. Topics
 Introduction.
 Types of sewers.
 Sewerage systems.

4. Introduction
 Every human society uses water for domestic ,
commercial and industrial activities and as a result
wastewater is formed.
 The wastewater from the residential and commercial
area is known as domestic wastewater and wastewater
from industrial area is known as industrial wastewater.
 In cities quantity of domestic and industrial wastewater is
very large and hence system of collection, conveyance,
treatment and disposal of wastewater is necessary.

5. Based on Function
1. Soil Pipe
2. Waste Pipe
3. Lateral Sewer
4. House Sewer
5. Branch Sewer
6. Main Sewer
7. Outfall Sewer

6. Based on Material
1. Brick sewer
2. Vitrified clay sewer pipe
3. Cement Concrete sewer
4. Steel pipe sewer
5. Cast iron pipe sewer
6. Asbestos sewer
7. Plastic pipe sewer

7. Based on shape
Circular sewer Egg shaped sewer

8. Based on Shape
Horse shoe shaped Parabolic shaped

9. Based on Shape
Rectangular shaped Semi circular

10. TYPES OF SEWERAGE
SYSTEM

11. Combined Sewerage System
 They are large networks of underground pipes
that convey domestic sewage, industrial
wastewater and storm water runoff in the same
pipe to a centralized treatment facility.
 Transport all their wastewater to a WWTP
where it is treated and discharged to a water
body.

12. Applicability
 Suitable for urban areas with resources to
implement, operate and maintain the system
 Appropriate when a centralized treatment
facility is available
 Planning, construction, operation and
maintenance require expert knowledge

13. Separate Sewerage System
 Separate sewer systems are designed to
convey wastewater and storm water in
separate pipes
 Sanitary sewer systems collect and transport
wastewater
 Storm sewer systems collect and transport
storm water runoff

14. Applicability
 Suitable for urban areas with resources to
implement, operate and maintain the system
 Especially suitable in areas where irregular,
heavy rainfall is expected to avoid frequent
combined sewer overflows

15. Solid Free Sewerage System
 These are similar to conventional sewer
systems, except that the wastewater is pre-
settled and solids removed before entering the
system
 As solids are removed, sewer diameter can be
much smaller and they can be constructed
using less conservative design criteria
resulting in significantly lower investment costs
 Due to the simplified design, solids-free
sewers can be built cheaper

16. Applicability
 They are well suited for areas where soak pits
are inappropriate due to sensitive groundwater
or lack of space for on-site infiltration
 Discharge of non-pre-settled wastewater into
the sewers should be prevented
 Require a constant supply of water, although
less water is needed compared to
conventional sewers

17. Open Channels and Drains
 An open channel is a conveyance in which
water flows with a free surface
 Although closed conduits such as culverts and
storm drains are open channels when flowing
partially full, the term is generally applied to
natural and improved watercourses, gutters,
ditches, and channels

18. Applicability
 Can be constructed in almost all types of
settlements (urban or rural), but enough land
area is required to build a reasonable
construction.
 Even though they offer simple solutions for
storm water drainage, they bear many risks for
public health and the environment due to the
risk of illegal discharge of wastewater and
solid waste.

19. References
 https://www.cdaction.pl/artykul-41715/papka-
zator-wkanale.html
 https://wtop.com/living/2015/01/d-c-s-newest-
development-tour-dupont-underground/
 Environmental Engineering- Tata McGraw Hill
(Indian Edition)

20. THANK YOU