This slide give you the knowledge of application of (DMD)" DIGITAL MICRO MEMORY CELL".

1. DIGITAL LIGHT PROCESSING AND IT’S
FUTURE APPLICATION

2. OUTLINE:
 Introduction
 History of Evolution
 Basic components of DLP
 How DLP works?
 Pixel structure of Digital Micro-mirror Device (DMD)cell
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
 Future roadmap
 References

3. Introduction:
 Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a display technology developed by Texas
Instruments.
 It is based on an optical semiconductor, called a DMD, which uses mirrors made
of aluminium to reflect light to make the picture.
 DMD can be combined with image processing, memory , a light source and
optics to form a DLP system capable of projecting images with better colour
fidelity and consistency than current technology.
 It provides all-digital projection displays that offer superior picture quality in
terms of resolution, brightness, contrast.

4. History of innovation:
 DMD was invented in 1987 by Dr. Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instruments.
 In 1993, it named the new technology DLP and formed a separate group
to develop commercial display applications .
 In 1994, TI demonstrated DLP projectors for the first time.
 Since 2000, several DLP technology based products such as projectors,
HDTV’s, 3-D printer, etc were introduced .

5. Why DLP?
 The traditional CRT projectors have RGB tubes which
makes the entire cabinet bulky.
 The LCD projectors use LCD light gates for projecting,
which introduces pixelation effect.
 In order to overcome all the drawbacks of previous
techniques, DLP was developed.

6. Components required for DLP:
 Light source
 Colour wheel
 DMD
 Memory
 Projection lens & screen
DMD
Color Wheel

7. Digital Micro Mirror Device (DMD)
 Heart of DLP.
 Invented by Larry Hornbeck of Texas Instrument.
 world's most sophisticated light switch.
 Rectangular array of up to 1.3 million of hinge-
mounted movable microscopic mirrors.
 Each mirror correspond to one pixel of image.
 The mirror is rigidly connected to an underlying yoke,
which is in turn connected to the hinges to support
posts that attaches the substrate.
 This DMD mirror is electronically driven.

8. Isometric schematic of DMD cell:
 These mirrors reflects light in either of two
directions depending on the state of underlying
memory cell.
>Not operating – parked at 0 degree
>On – Tilt +10 degrees
>Off – Tilt –10 degrees
>On/Off Switching – 1000 times/sec
 The tilt directs light toward the screen, or into a
"light trap" that eliminates unwanted light when
reproducing blacks and shadows.
 A glass window seals and protects the mirrors.

9. DLP: Adding Colors
 The white light passes through a color wheel
 The color wheel filters the light into red, green, and blue.
 A single-chip DLP projection system can create at least 16.7 million
colors.
 3-DMD chip system is capable of producing no fewer than 35 trillion
colors.

10. How DLP works ?
 Signal Conversion
 Gray Scale Image
 Color Creation

11. Step 1 – Signal Conversion:
 Accepts both analog or digital signal.
 All signals must be converted into digital.
 The digital signal, enables mirrors to tilt
towards “On” or away from “Off” light source.

12. Step 2 – Gray Scale Image:
 On” – light Pixel vs. “Off” – Dark Pixel
 Mirror switched on more frequently than off – Reflects Light Gray Pixel
 Rapid Switching allows up to 1024 shades of gray reflections
 Digitalized video signal entering DMD get converted into highly
detailed grayscale image
Not present

13. Step 3 – Color Creation:
 Color is added as white light from the lamp passes through a color wheel
filter.
 Color Wheel – RED, GREEN & BLUE.
 Mirrors on DMD are tilted on for the exact amount of time required for
each basic color.
 Only 1 color is shined onto DMD at a time.
 When spinning fast enough, human eyes blend alternating flashes to view
“more” colors in the projected image.
Color wheel present

15. Practically Implemented Model:
 DLP integrates a projection lamp and an electronic video signal from a source and the
processed light produces an all-digital picture.

16. Chip models of DLP:
Single chip model
 One chip DLP systems use a projection
lamp to pass white light through a colour
wheel that sends red-green-blue colours to
the DMD chip in a sequential order to
create an image on-screen.
Three chip model
 In three chip DLP systems use a
projection lamp to send white light
through a prism, which creates separate
red, green and blue light beams. Each
beam is send to their respective red,
green and blue DMD chip to process
the image for display on-screen.

17. Advantages:
 Brighter
-Because it brings more light from lamp to screen.
 Sharper
-As it can produce the closest mirror image of an incoming video of any
resolution .
 Versatile
-DLP projectors are small and light weight.
 Reliable
-it is capable of recreating the source material

18. Disadvantages:
 The only real disadvantage of DLP projectors is "rainbow
effect.“
• The Rainbow Effect often referred to as RBE, is a affect
that has some people seeing flashes of red, green and blue.
This is caused by the eye/brain dealing with the effects of
projectors using high speed, spinning colour filter wheels.
• Since a colour wheel is needed for this to occur, the only
types of projectors affected are DLP projectors, since they
are single chip devices, and require a colour wheel to add
colour.

19. LCD V/s DLP Projector:
DLP V/s LCD

20. Applications:
 DLP Televisions
 Digital Light Processing Television is a
technology that uses one, or sometimes three,
electronic chips called Digital Micro-mirror
Devices, or DMDs, to produce a vivid picture
with a high contrast ratio on a high-definition
large-screen TV.
 DLP is definitely fast enough to steer the light
around the falling rain drop – thereby avoiding
the blurred vision and blooming effect.

21. Conclusion:
 As compact disc revolutionized the audio industry, DLP will
revolutionize the video projection.
 Based on the reflected light produced by multiple mirrors, DLP
creates a final link to display visual information.

22. Future Roadmap:
 DLP projectors are becoming more common in business environments as
it incorporates high-definition image creation.
 Scientist and developers are likely to discover even more uses for DMDs
and DLP technology in the future.

23. References:
 Digital Light Processing™: A New MEMS-Based Display Technology Larry J. Hornbeck
Texas Instruments
 http://www.ti.com
 http://www.christiedigital.com
 Rainbow effect,http://www.projectorreviews.com