2. Headlines
4 more sickened at Hamilton County
assisted-living facility
The columbus dispatch, Feb.22 Ohio
Norovirus outbreaks make cruise lines,
passengers leery
Sundays Zaman, Feb.23, 2014
3. What is Norovirus?
o Group of related single stranded RNA
(Ribonucleic Acid), non enveloped viruses that
cause acute gastroenteritis.
o Formerly called Norwalk-like Virus
o Highly contagious
o Cause of 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of
gastroenteritis
o Able to survive freezing and
high temperatures
4. TAXONOMY INFORMATION
Noroviruses are a genetically diverse group of
single-stranded ribonucleic acid
Non-enveloped virus, who belongs to the
Caliciviridae family
Norovirus can be divided into five distinct
genogroups: GI ,GII ,GIII ,GIV ,GV
The GI and GII and GIV Noroviruses infect
humans and
GIII Norovirus infects pigs and cows.
5. Interesting Facts
Was discovered and named after a
gastrointestinal illness outbreak in Norwalk,
Ohio, in 1968
Norovirus virions can live in the environment
for up to four weeks
often called a stomach bug -- in the United
States, according to the CDC
Norovirus is called by other names including
stomach flu, food poisoning and “cruise ship
flu”
The virus can live in an infected person's stool
for two weeks or more
http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/31/health/norovirus-facts-info/
index.html
6. Norovirus causes about 21 million illnesses, 70,000
hospitalizations, and 800 deaths each year, according to
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
www.cdc.gov/norovirus
7. {
SYMPTOMS
• Symptoms usually start within
24 to 48 hours after exposure
• Inflammation in stomach
and intestines
• Stomach pain
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Headache
• Body ache
http://www.cdc.gov/norovir
us/preventing-infection.
html
8. Transmission
o Fecal-oral route
o Indirect contact with the virus on contaminated
surfaces.
o Via contaminated food and water
o Shellfish from sewage contaminated water
9.
10. Foods That Cause
Norovirus
• Common foods that cause
outbreak
• Leafy greens (such as
lettuce),Fresh fruits, and
Shellfish (such as oysters).
• Raw Foods
• Restaurants are associated with
norovirus outbreaks twice as often
as cruise ships
11. Treatment options
There are no antiviral drugs for treatment of NorVo
infections
No vaccines are currently available
Illnesses usually last 24 to 72 hours
Dehydration is most common application
Sports drinks can help with mild dehydration, but
water is best
You can also buy oral rehydration fluids over the
counter at most drug and grocery stores
Getting too dehydrated is dangerous
In extreme cases, may have to be hospitalized
to maintain and regain body fluids.
http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/31/health/norovirus-facts-
info/index.html
12. Prevention
Wash your hands frequently.
Disinfect household surfaces
Promptly
With Clorox bleach
Wash soiled clothing.
Avoid contaminated food or water.
Cook shellfish completely to kill the virus.
Avoid going to work or school if diarrhea
appears.
13. Work Cited
Christensen , J., & Wilson, J. (2014, January 31). Norovirus: The most
common stomach bug. Retrieved February 22, 2014, from Si Shield
Proven Protection: http://www.sishield.com/shield-your-cruise-lines-
with-sishield/
Center For Disease Control and Prevention. (30, October 2013).
Retrieved February 22, 2014, from NoroVirus:
http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/
Health, O. o. (2013, January 30). NOROVIRUS INFECTIONS.
Retrieved February 22, 2014, from Department of Health and
Hospitals: http://new.dhh.louisiana.gov/assets/oph/Center-
PHCH/Center-CH/infectious-epi/EpiManual/NorovirusManual.pdf
Mitchell, P. A. (2014, February 10). Daily Freeman News. Retrieved
February 22, 2014, from Norovirus identified as source of Mohonk
illnesses: http://www.dailyfreeman.com/general-news/
20140210/norovirus-identified-as-source-of-mohonk-illnesses
writers, L. I. (2014, January 09). Lab Media. Retrieved February 22,
2014, from Molecular Assay Detects Norovirus in Fecal Specimens:
http://www.labmedica.com/microbiology/articles/294750071/molec
ular_assay_detects_norovirus_in_fecal_specimens.html
