Diploma i boee u 4 magnetism and electromagnetic effect
1. Topic: Magnetism and Electromagnetic effect
Course: Diploma
Subject:Basics of Electrical Engineering
Unit: 4
2. • Force on current carrying conductor in
magnetic field
• Concept about electrical and magnetic circuit
• Magnetization curve
• Faradays and Lenz’s laws
• Flemings left and Right hand rule
• Induced emf and types
• Administrative management/Fayol’s 14
principles of management
Topics
4. the figure, a conductor lying vertically in a uniform
horizontal magnetic field of strength H. If l is the length
of the conductor tying within this magnetic field and i is
the current through it, then the force experienced by
the conductor will be
F = B.i.l Newton
= μ0.μr.H.i.l Newton
The direction of the force F can also be
determined by Flemming's Left Hand Rule. As per this
rule, if any one holds out his or her hand with fore
finger, second finger and thumb at right angle to each
other, then his or her fore-finger will indicate the
direction of magnetic field, the second finger will
indicate the direction of flow of current and the thumb
will give the direction of force or motion of the
conductor.In this case the force experienced by the
conductor will be
F = B.i.l.sin(θ) Newton.
7. Parallel Magnetic Circuit
l2l1
l3
I
N
S1
S2S3
+
- NI
1
3
2
I
II
Loop I
NI = S33 + S11
= H3l3 + H1l1
Loop II
NI = S33 + S22
= H3l3 + H2l2
Loop III
0 = S11 + S22
= H1l1 + H2l2
Fig 4 self making
8. Magnetic Circuit with Air Gap
lc
i
N lg
+
F
-
c
g
g
g
g
c
c
c
ggcc
gC
g0
g
g
cc
c
c
A
B
A
B
densityFlux
lHlHNi
Ni
A
l
A
l
;
;
Fig 5 self making
9. Series circuits
A series circuit has only one
current path
Current through each component is the
same
In a series circuit, all elements
must function for the circuit
to be complete
Fig 6
10. Parallel circuits
A parallel circuit has more
than one current path
branching from the energy
source Voltage across each
pathway is the same. In a
parallel circuit, separate current
paths function independently of
one another. For parallel voltage
sources, the voltage is the same
across all batteries, but the
current supplied by each
element is a fraction of the total
current
Fig 7
11. Magnetization Curve
HB r0
Behavior of flux density compared with magnetic
field strength, if magnetic intensity H increases by
increase of current I, the flux density B in the core
changes as shown.
Fig 8
12. Faraday’s Law
• Moving the magnet changes the flux B (1).
• Changing the current changes the flux B (2).
• Faraday: changing the flux induces an emf.
i
di/dt
S
EMF
N S
i
v
e = - dB /dt
The emf induced
around a loop equals the rate of change
of the flux through that loop
Faraday’s law
1) 2)
13. Lenz’s Law
• Faraday’s law gives the direction of the induced emf and
therefore the direction of any induced current. Lenz’s law is
a simple way to get the directions straight, with less effort.
• Lenz’s Law:
The induced emf is directed so that any induced current
flow will oppose the change in magnetic flux (which
causes the induced emf).
This is easier to use than to say ...
Decreasing magnetic flux emf creates additional
magnetic field
Increasing flux emf creates opposed magnetic field
14. Fleming's Right-Hand Rule
• The Thumb represents the
direction of Motion of the
conductor.
• The First finger represents
the direction of the Field.
(north to south)
• The Second finger
represents the direction of
the induced or
generated Current (the
direction of the induced
current will be the direction
of conventional current;
from positive to negative).
Fig 11
15. Fleming's Left-Hand Rule
• A left hand can be held, as
shown in the illustration,
so as to represent three
mutually orthogonal axes
on the thumb, first finger
and middle finger.
• Each finger is then
assigned to a quantity
(mechanical force,
magnetic field and electric
current). The right and left
hand are used for
generators and motors
respectively.
Fig 12
16. Induced emf
• Dynamically Induced emf
• Statically Induced emf
Dynamically Induced emf
By moving the conductor keeping the
magnetic field system stationary, thus emf
induced in the conductor is called Dynamically
Induced emf
17. Statically Induced emf
• The emf induced by variation of flux is termed
as Statically Induced emf
• In this case conductor is held stationary and
magnetic field varies.
• Two Types :
1) Self Induced emf
2) Mutually Induced emf