This document discusses motivational theories in organizational behavior. It begins by outlining the aims and learning outcomes of covering motivational theories. It then defines organizational behavior and motivation. The rest of the document outlines several theories of motivation, including: Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, ERG theory, reinforcement theory, equity theory, and goal-setting theory. Each theory is briefly described. The document concludes with proposing a group discussion on the implications of these motivational theories for management and leadership within organizations.

1. ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
Motivational Theories
Presented by
Dr. Rahila Ali

2. Aim of the topic
• Students will be in a position to apply the principles of
organizational behavior to a variety of business situations.
• They will learn about what drives individuals to work
towards a goal or outcome.

3. Learning Outcome
• Evaluate how to motivate individuals and teams to
achieve a goal.
• Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational
behavior to a given business situation

4. Organizational Behavior
•At the individual level of analysis, the study of learning, perception, creativity,
motivation, personality.
•At the group level of analysis, the study of group dynamics, intra- and intergroup conflict,
leadership, interpersonal communication, networks, and roles.
•At the organization level of analysis, the study of topics such as organizational culture,
organizational structure, change, technology, and external environmental forces.
“Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of
human behavior in organizational settings, the
interface between human behavior and the
organization, and the organization itself.”

5. Motivation
Motivation is the reason for people's
actions, desires, and needs.
The processes that account for an
individual’s intensity, direction and
persistence of effort toward attaining
goal

6. Motivation – In Organisations
What is it that drives our behaviours?
Does the motivation arise from outside or inside the individual?

7. Theories of Motivation
Content theories deal with “what”
motivates people concerned with individual
needs and goals
Process theories deal with process” of
motivation and are concerned with “how”
motivation occurs.

8. 1. Maslow’s Theory
•Need drive motivation
•When each need is substantially satisfied ,the next need become dominant
•A satisfied need no more motivates you
0

9. 2. Herzberg's 2 Factor Theory
The conclusion he drew is that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are not opposites.
The opposite of Satisfaction is No Satisfaction.
The opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction.
Therefore, if you set about eliminating dissatisfying job factors, you may create peace but not
necessarily bring motivation

10. 3. Alderfer’s ERG Theory
•ERG does not assume any rigidity related to level of need
•Person can be at multiple levels
•It is not necessary that a person must satisfy the lower order
need to reach higher level needs

11. Activity

12. 4. BF Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory
•The theory states that individual’s behavior is a function of its consequences
•It is based on law of effect
•Positive consequences tends to repeat , Negative consequences tends not to be
repeated

13. It says that the level of reward we receive, compared to our own sense of our
contribution, affects our motivation. The theory considers the concept of equality
and fairness, as well as the importance of comparison to others.
5. Adams Equity Theory
3 situations of equity theory
•Output/Input A=Output/Input B- Equity is there
•Output/Input A> Output/Input B-inequity is there due to over
rewarded
•Output/Input A< Output/Input B-inequity is there due to under
rewarded

14. 6. Latham & Locke's Goal-Setting Theory
Latham & Locke's research showed that goal setting is linked to task performance
He found that specific and difficult goals along with feedback led to better task
performance than vague or easy goals.
People get motivated with difficult goals as it keep them away from distraction.
Such goals push and energize to do hard work and generate motivation

15. Group Discussion
• What are implications of motivational theory on
management and leadership within organisations?