Review for AP Biology

1. MICROSCOPES & TAXONOMY

2. Light/Compound Microscope
2 sources of magnification
1st = eyepiece
2nd = objective used

3. Microscope Parts
 A. eyepiece – 1st source of mag.
 B. body tube – movable, holds the
eyepiece
 C. arm – support, face you when
carrying
 D. stage support – support

4. E. coarse adjustment knob –
moves the stage up & down, 1st
focus
F. fine adjustment knob- 2nd focus
G. base – support
H. lamp – light source

5. I. stage – holds the slide
J. stage clips – holds the slide in
place
K. low power objective lens –
Which ever is used is the 2nd
source of mag.
L. medium power objective lens –

6.  N. nosepiece – rotate the objectives
 O. diaphragm – controls the amount
of light

7. Total Magnification
EYEPIECE X LENS =
______________________

8. How to Focus
 1. place the slide over the opening on
the stage
 2. use the low power objective
 3. stage must be at the lowest level
 4. use the coarse adjustment knob
first
 5. use the fine adjustment knob
second

9. If you need to go to the higher
power…
6. Rotate the nosepiece to the
medium power objective
7. Use the fine adjustment knob
ONLY
8. & 9. REPEAT ABOVE

10. Stero/Dissecting Microscope
2 compound microscopes
focusing on the same point
from two different angles
Normally lower power

11. Microscope Parts
 A. Eyepiece
 B. Diopter Adjustment – helps to focus for
each eye
 C. Head
 D. Zoom Control – allows smooth change
in magnification
 E. Post/Rod - support
 F. Clamp – keeps the body for the micro.
attached/in place

12.  G. Focus Knob – brings into focus/better view
 H. Turret - holds objectives
 I. Incident Illuminator – above stage, shines
light down onto specimen
 J. Retaining Ring – as far as main part of micro
can move
 K. Light Switch
 L. Stage Plate
 Blk/wh – used most of the time
 Frosted – used for translucent specimen

13. M. In-Base Illuminator – in base
N. Base

14. Taxonomy
 The science of classification
 Carolus Linneaus
Based system on structure (internal and
external)
Latin
Refer to hierarchy
Common name, scientific name (genus
& species, italics, etc…), polynomial