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Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Mechanical men and artificial beings (BC 43 – AD 17)
• Pygmalion and Galatea
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Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Colossus computer (1943)
• The world’s first programmable, electronic, digital computer
• Colossus was programmed by switches and plugs (not by a stored program)
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Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Imitation game (Turing test, 1950)
• Can machine think? → Can machine behave?
• A test of a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligence behavior equivalent
to human
AI?
HUMAN?
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Chat Bot
The golden years of AI (1956-1974)
• Natural language study to make general purpose AI
• STUDENT (1964) is a program that solves algebra problems
• ELIZA (1966) was designed to imitate a therapist who would ask open-ended
questions and even respond with follow-ups (Rogerian Psycho-therapy)
• ELIZA is one of the first chatterbots (chatbot) and one of the first program capable
of attempting the Turing test
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Chat Bot
Conversation with ELIZA
User Men are all alike.
Eliza In what way?
User They’re always bugging us about something or other.
Eliza Can you think of a specific example?
User Well, my boyfriend made me come here.
Eliza Your boyfriend made you come here.
User He says I’m depressed much of the time.
Eliza I am sorry to hear you are depressed.
User It’s true. I am unhappy.
Eliza Do you think coming here will help you not to be unhappy?
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Chat Bot
Conversation with ELIZA
User I need some help; that much seems certain.
Eliza What would it mean to you if you got some help?
User Perhaps I could learn to get along with my mother.
Eliza Tell me more about your family.
User My mother takes care of me.
Eliza Who else in your family takes care of you?
User My father.
Eliza Your father.
User You are like my father in some way.
Eliza What resemblance do you see?
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Chat Bot
https://www.eclecticenergies.com/ego/eliza
Conversation with ELIZA
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A.L.I.C.E. (Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity, 1995)
• A program that engages in a conversation with a human
• A.L.I.C.E. has won the Loebner Prize (2000, 2001, 2004)
Chat Bot
https://www.chatbots.org/chatbot/a.l.i.c.e/
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Conversation with A.L.I.C.E.
Chat Bot
https://pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=b8d616e35e36e881
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Mitsuku (2005)
• Mitsuku contains all of A.L.I.C.E. project with many additions from user
generated conversations.
• It is a four time Loebner Prize winner (2013, 2016, 2017, 2018)
Chat Bot
http://www.square-
bear.co.uk/mitsuku/chat.htm
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심심이 (2002)
• 심심이 is modeled based on slot-and-frame parser method
• Slot-and-frame is consists of a table that contains phrases and
responses
Chat Bot
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Previous chatbot had been intended for for human-computer interaction (HCI),
a modern chatbot aims to provide builder that can create such a service
Chat Bot Builder
Facebook
• Messenger chatbot API
• >300,000 chatbots
KakaoTalk
• 플러스 친구 API
• 카카오i 오픈 빌더
