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Stoikiometri (bagian 2)
Oleh: Putri Dwi Humaerah, S.Pd., M.Pd.
“mempelajari aspek kuantitatif
reaksi kimia atau rumus kimia”
Stoikiometri
(bahasa Latin, stoicheion: unsur atau bagian; metron: ukuran)
Disebut juga dengan istilah ”Perhitungan Kimia”.
Diperoleh melalui pengukuran massa, volume, jumlah dan
sebagainya, yang terkait dengan jumlah atom, ion, molekul, atau
rumus kimia, serta keterkaitannya dalam suatu reaksi kimia.
Masih ingat?
Hukum dasar ilmu kimia
1. Hukum Kekekalan Massa (Hukum Lavoisier)
2. Hukum Perbandingan Tetap (Hukum Proust)
3. Hukum Perbandingan Berganda (Hukum Dalton)
4. Hukum Perbandingan Volume (Hukum Gay Lussac)
5. Hipotesis Avogadro
Massa atom
1. Massa Atom Relatif (Ar)
2. Massa Molekul Relatif (Mr)
Konsep mol
1. Mol (n)
2. Jumlah Partikel (X)
3. Massa Molar (Mr)
4. Volume Molar Gas
5. Molaritas Larutan (M)
Penentuan Kadar Zat
Tujuan Pembelajaran:
 Menghitung banyaknya zat dalam campuran (persen massa, persen
volume, bagian per juta, kemolaran, kemolalan, dan fraksi mol).
 Menghubungkan rumus empiris dengan rumus molekul.
 Menentukan jumlah mol, massa molar, volume molar gas dan jumlah
partikel yang terlibat dalam persamaan kimia.
Rabu, 24 Maret 2021
01
Kadar Zat dalam
Senyawa
Persen massa unsur
% massa unsur =
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒖𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒓
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒚𝒂𝒘𝒂
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
Contoh:
Berapa persen massa masing-masing zat penyusun senyawa H2O? (Dik: Ar H= 1, O= 16)
Penyelesaian:
Langkah 1, tentukan Mr H2O (massa senyawa)
Mr H2O = (2 x Ar H) + Ar O
Mr H2O = (2 x 1) + 16
Mr H2O = 18
Langkah 2, hitung massa masing-masing komponen
% massa H =
2 × 𝐴𝑟 𝐻
𝑀𝑟 𝐻2𝑂
× 100% =
2 ×1
18
× 100% = 11,11%
% massa O =
𝐴𝑟 𝑂
𝑀𝑟 𝐻2𝑂
× 100% =
16
18
× 100% = 88,89%
02
Kadar Zat dalam
Campuran
Persen massa
% massa =
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒛𝒂𝒕 𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒎 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒖𝒉 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
Menyatakan massa suatu zat (dalam gram) yang terdapat dalam setiap 100gram campuran
Contoh:
Berapa gram NaOH yang terdapat dalam 500mL larutan NaOH 20% jika massa jenis larutan
dianggap 1g/mL?
Penyelesaian:
Langkah 1, tentukan massa larutan:
Massa larutan = 1g/mL x 500mL
Massa larutan = 500g
Langkah 2, kadar larutan 20%, maka massa
NaOH dalam larutan adalah:
Massa NaOH =
20
100
× 500𝑔
Massa NaOH = 100g
Persen volume
% volume =
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒛𝒂𝒕 𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒎 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒖𝒉 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
Menyatakan volume zat yang terdapat dalam setiap 100 bagian volume campuran
Contoh:
Berapa volume alcohol dalam (mL) yang terlarut dalam 500mL larutan alcohol yang
memiliki kadar 30%?
Penyelesaian:
% alkohol =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑘𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑙
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
× 100%
Volume alkohol =
% 𝑎𝑙𝑘𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑙 × 𝑣𝑜𝑙.𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
100%
Volume alkohol =
30% ×500𝑚𝐿
100%
Volume alkohol = 150mL
molalitas (m)
m = 𝐧 ×
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒑
Molalitas atau kemolalan menyatakan banyaknya mol zat terlarut dalam setiap 100g pelarut
Dengan,
m = molalitas larutan (mol/kg)
n = jumlah mol zat terlarut (mol)
p = massa pelarut (kg)
Contoh:
Hitunglah molalitas larutan yang terjadi bila 24 gram kristal MgSO4 dilarutkan dalam 400
gram air. (Mr MgSO4 = 120)
Penyelesaian:
n =
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎
𝑀𝑟
=
24 𝑔
120 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0,2 𝑚𝑜𝑙
p = 400 gram
m = 0,2 ×
1000
400
= 0,5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙
Fraksi mol (X)
XA =
𝒏𝑨
𝒏𝑨+ 𝒏𝑩
Fraksi mol suatu zat dalam suatu larutan menyatakan perbandingan banyaknya mol dari zat
tersebut terhadap jumlah mol seluruh komponen dalam larutan
Dengan,
XA = Fraksi mol zat A
XB = Fraksi mol zat B
nA = mol zat A
nB = mol zat A
XB =
𝒏𝑩
𝒏𝑨+ 𝒏𝑩
bpj atau ppm
bagian per sejuta atau parts per million
ppm volume =
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒌𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏
× 106
ppm massa =
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒌𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏
× 106
Bersambung di pembelajaran Stoikiometri (bagian 3)…
BPJ atau Bagian per Juta atau dalam bahasa inggris dikenal dengan Part per Million (ppm) adalah
satuan konsentrasi yang menyatakan perbandingan antara satu bagian komponen per seperjuta
bagian komponen yang ada.
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
and illustrations by Stories
Thanks!
Do you have any questions?
putrihumaerah@gmail.com
+62 85298278709
Suatu campuran senyawa diketahui mempunyai massa 90 gram.
Dari hasil analisis diperoleh data sebagai berikut.
Unsur Penyusun % massa unsur
C 20
H 40
N 40
Hitunglah massa setiap unsur dalam campuran tersebut!
#kuis1
Rabu, 21/04/21
% massa =
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒛𝒂𝒕 𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒎 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒖𝒉 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
Pembahasan #kuis1
Rabu, 21/04/21
Rumus : Massa unsur =
% 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒖𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒓
𝟏𝟎𝟎%
× 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏
jadi,
Dik :
massa campuran = 90 gram
Penyelesaian:
a. Massa unsur C
Massa C =
𝟐𝟎%
𝟏𝟎𝟎%
× 90 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 18 gram
b. Massa unsur H
Massa H =
𝟒𝟎%
𝟏𝟎𝟎%
× 90 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 36 gram
c. Massa unsur N
Massa N =
𝟒𝟎%
𝟏𝟎𝟎%
× 90 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 36 gram

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Materi Stoikiometri - bagian 2

  • 1. Stoikiometri (bagian 2) Oleh: Putri Dwi Humaerah, S.Pd., M.Pd.
  • 2. “mempelajari aspek kuantitatif reaksi kimia atau rumus kimia” Stoikiometri (bahasa Latin, stoicheion: unsur atau bagian; metron: ukuran) Disebut juga dengan istilah ”Perhitungan Kimia”. Diperoleh melalui pengukuran massa, volume, jumlah dan sebagainya, yang terkait dengan jumlah atom, ion, molekul, atau rumus kimia, serta keterkaitannya dalam suatu reaksi kimia.
  • 3. Masih ingat? Hukum dasar ilmu kimia 1. Hukum Kekekalan Massa (Hukum Lavoisier) 2. Hukum Perbandingan Tetap (Hukum Proust) 3. Hukum Perbandingan Berganda (Hukum Dalton) 4. Hukum Perbandingan Volume (Hukum Gay Lussac) 5. Hipotesis Avogadro Massa atom 1. Massa Atom Relatif (Ar) 2. Massa Molekul Relatif (Mr) Konsep mol 1. Mol (n) 2. Jumlah Partikel (X) 3. Massa Molar (Mr) 4. Volume Molar Gas 5. Molaritas Larutan (M)
  • 4. Penentuan Kadar Zat Tujuan Pembelajaran:  Menghitung banyaknya zat dalam campuran (persen massa, persen volume, bagian per juta, kemolaran, kemolalan, dan fraksi mol).  Menghubungkan rumus empiris dengan rumus molekul.  Menentukan jumlah mol, massa molar, volume molar gas dan jumlah partikel yang terlibat dalam persamaan kimia. Rabu, 24 Maret 2021
  • 6. Persen massa unsur % massa unsur = 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒖𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒓 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒚𝒂𝒘𝒂 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
  • 7. Contoh: Berapa persen massa masing-masing zat penyusun senyawa H2O? (Dik: Ar H= 1, O= 16) Penyelesaian: Langkah 1, tentukan Mr H2O (massa senyawa) Mr H2O = (2 x Ar H) + Ar O Mr H2O = (2 x 1) + 16 Mr H2O = 18 Langkah 2, hitung massa masing-masing komponen % massa H = 2 × 𝐴𝑟 𝐻 𝑀𝑟 𝐻2𝑂 × 100% = 2 ×1 18 × 100% = 11,11% % massa O = 𝐴𝑟 𝑂 𝑀𝑟 𝐻2𝑂 × 100% = 16 18 × 100% = 88,89%
  • 9. Persen massa % massa = 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒛𝒂𝒕 𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒎 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒖𝒉 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎% Menyatakan massa suatu zat (dalam gram) yang terdapat dalam setiap 100gram campuran
  • 10. Contoh: Berapa gram NaOH yang terdapat dalam 500mL larutan NaOH 20% jika massa jenis larutan dianggap 1g/mL? Penyelesaian: Langkah 1, tentukan massa larutan: Massa larutan = 1g/mL x 500mL Massa larutan = 500g Langkah 2, kadar larutan 20%, maka massa NaOH dalam larutan adalah: Massa NaOH = 20 100 × 500𝑔 Massa NaOH = 100g
  • 11. Persen volume % volume = 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒛𝒂𝒕 𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒎 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒖𝒉 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎% Menyatakan volume zat yang terdapat dalam setiap 100 bagian volume campuran
  • 12. Contoh: Berapa volume alcohol dalam (mL) yang terlarut dalam 500mL larutan alcohol yang memiliki kadar 30%? Penyelesaian: % alkohol = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑘𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛 × 100% Volume alkohol = % 𝑎𝑙𝑘𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑙 × 𝑣𝑜𝑙.𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛 100% Volume alkohol = 30% ×500𝑚𝐿 100% Volume alkohol = 150mL
  • 13. molalitas (m) m = 𝐧 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒑 Molalitas atau kemolalan menyatakan banyaknya mol zat terlarut dalam setiap 100g pelarut Dengan, m = molalitas larutan (mol/kg) n = jumlah mol zat terlarut (mol) p = massa pelarut (kg)
  • 14. Contoh: Hitunglah molalitas larutan yang terjadi bila 24 gram kristal MgSO4 dilarutkan dalam 400 gram air. (Mr MgSO4 = 120) Penyelesaian: n = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑀𝑟 = 24 𝑔 120 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 0,2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 p = 400 gram m = 0,2 × 1000 400 = 0,5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑙
  • 15. Fraksi mol (X) XA = 𝒏𝑨 𝒏𝑨+ 𝒏𝑩 Fraksi mol suatu zat dalam suatu larutan menyatakan perbandingan banyaknya mol dari zat tersebut terhadap jumlah mol seluruh komponen dalam larutan Dengan, XA = Fraksi mol zat A XB = Fraksi mol zat B nA = mol zat A nB = mol zat A XB = 𝒏𝑩 𝒏𝑨+ 𝒏𝑩
  • 16. bpj atau ppm bagian per sejuta atau parts per million ppm volume = 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒌𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏 × 106 ppm massa = 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒌𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏 × 106 Bersambung di pembelajaran Stoikiometri (bagian 3)… BPJ atau Bagian per Juta atau dalam bahasa inggris dikenal dengan Part per Million (ppm) adalah satuan konsentrasi yang menyatakan perbandingan antara satu bagian komponen per seperjuta bagian komponen yang ada.
  • 17. CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik and illustrations by Stories Thanks! Do you have any questions? putrihumaerah@gmail.com +62 85298278709
  • 18. Suatu campuran senyawa diketahui mempunyai massa 90 gram. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh data sebagai berikut. Unsur Penyusun % massa unsur C 20 H 40 N 40 Hitunglah massa setiap unsur dalam campuran tersebut! #kuis1 Rabu, 21/04/21
  • 19. % massa = 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒛𝒂𝒕 𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒎 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒖𝒉 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎% Pembahasan #kuis1 Rabu, 21/04/21 Rumus : Massa unsur = % 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒖𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒓 𝟏𝟎𝟎% × 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏 jadi, Dik : massa campuran = 90 gram Penyelesaian: a. Massa unsur C Massa C = 𝟐𝟎% 𝟏𝟎𝟎% × 90 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 18 gram b. Massa unsur H Massa H = 𝟒𝟎% 𝟏𝟎𝟎% × 90 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 36 gram c. Massa unsur N Massa N = 𝟒𝟎% 𝟏𝟎𝟎% × 90 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 = 36 gram