Community health nursing

2.  The term "community health nursing" is
composed of three major concepts:
Community - Client
Health - Goal
Nursing -The means
 Two Major Fields of Nursing in the
Philippines:
1. Hospital Nursing
2. Community Health Nursing

3.  “Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life,
promoting health and efficiency, through organized
community effort for the sanitation of the environment,
control of communicable diseases, the education of
individuals in personal hygiene, the organization of
medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis
and preventive treatment of disease, and the
development of the social machinery to ensure
everyone a standard of living adequate for the
maintenance of health, so organizing these benefits as
to enable every citizen to realize his birthright of health
and longevity”
-Dr. C.E. Winslow

4.  Art of applying science in the context of politics so
as to reduce inequalities in health while ensuring
the best health for the greatest number
- WHO
 Special field of nursing that combines the skills of
nursing, public health and some phases of social
assistance and functions as part of the total public
health programme for the promotion of health, the
improvement of the conditions in the social and
physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and
disability
-WHO Expert Committee of Nursing

5.  Community health nursing practice promotes and preserves the
health of populations by integrating the skills and knowledge
relevant to both nursing and public health. The practice is
comprehensive and general, and is not limited to a particular
age or diagnostic group; it is continual, and is not limited
to episodic care.
- The American Nurses Association
 ANA’s definition of community health nursing highlights the
following important points:
1. The goal of professional practice is the promotion and
preservation of the health of populations
2. The nature of practice is comprehensive, general, continual
and not episodic
3. The knowledge base comes from nursing and public health
4. The different levels of clientele— individuals, families and
groups
5. The practitioner's recognition of the primacy of the
population as a whole.

6.  Its basic knowledge and skills are anchored on nursing theories
and important concepts from the science of public health such as:
1. Emphasis on the importance of the "greatest good for the greatest
number"
2. Assessing health needs, planning, implementing and evaluating the
impact of health services on population groups
3. Priority of .health-promotive and disease-preventive strategies over
curative interventions
4. Tools for measuring and analyzing community health problems
5. Application of principles of management and organization in the
delivery of health services to the community.

7. 1. The FAMILY is the unit of care, the community is the
patient and there are four levels of clientele in CHN
2. The goal of improving community health is realized
through multidisciplinary effort
3. The community health nurse works WITH and not FOR
the individual patient, family, group or community. The latter
are active partners, not passive recipients of care
4. The practice of CHN is affected by changes in society in
general and by developments in the health field in particular
5. CHN is part of the community health system which in turn
is part of the larger human services system

9. -Assessing the health needs of a community
is the starting point for community nurses.
-They determine the health needs of families
and the community at large, as well as any
social determinants that impact the health
status of that community.
- It includes health risks, injuries and
disabilities.

10. -Teaching them about healthy lifestyle
choices.
-Educating the public on eating healthy, the
basics of looking after their own health
and other information
-Public-speaking skills and the ability to
clearly communicate complex ideas to an
audience
-including one-on-one or as part of
community programs and events.

11. -Implementing a plan to improve the health
of a community is not enough. Someone
must evaluate the re
- also helpful to improve preventive
strategies, as well as determining the
health trends of the population.
- evaluations to determine the health
priorities for a given area.

12. - A healthy community is a strengthened
community, and a competent and
compassionate community
- a community nurse is responsible for
building relationships and partnerships
throughout the community, in order to
improve the health of individuals and
families.

13.  Clinician – health care provider, taking care
of the sick people at home or in the RHU
 Health Educator – aim is towards health
promotion and illness prevention through
dissemination of correct information; educating
people
 Facilitator – establishes multi-sectoral
linkages by referral system
 Supervisor – monitors and supervises the
performance of midwives

14.  Supervision and care of women during
pregnancy, labor, and puerperium
 Performance of internal examination and
delivery of babies
 Suturing lacerations in the absence of the
physician
 Provision of first aid measures and
emergency care
 Recommending herbal and symptomatic
meds.

15.  In the care of the families:
 provision of primary health care services
 developmental/utilization of family nursing care plan
in the provision of care
 In the care of the communities:
 Community organizing mobilization, community
development, and people empowerment
 Case finding and epidemiological investigation
 Program planning, implementation, and evaluation
 Influencing executive and legislative individuals or
bodies concerning health and development

16.  1901
Act # 157 (Board of Health of the Philippines); Act # 309
(Provincial and Municipal Boards of Health) were created.
 1905
Board of Health was abolished; functions were transferred to
the Bureau of Health.
 1912
Act # 2156 or Fajardo Act created the Sanitary Divisions, the
forerunners of present MHOs; male nurses performs the functions of
doctors
 1919
Act # 2808 (Nurses Law was created) - Carmen del Rosario,
1st Filipino Nurse supervisor under Bureau of Health

17.  Oct. 22, 1922
Filipino Nurses Organization (Philippine Nurses’
Organization) was organized.
 1923
Zamboanga General Hospital School of Nursing &
Baguio General Hospital were established; other government
schools of nursing were organized several years after.
 1928
1st Nursing convention was held
 1940
Manila Health Department was created.

18.  1941
Dr. Mariano Icasiano became the first city health
officer; Office of Nursing was created through the effort
of Vicenta Ponce (chief nurse) and Rosario Ordiz
(assistant chief nurse)
 Dec. 8, 1941
Victims of World War II were treated by the nurses
of Manila.
 July 1942
Nursing Office was created; Dr. Eusebio Aguilar
helped in the release of 31 Filipino nurses in Bilibid
Prison as prisoners of war by the Japanese.

19.  Feb. 1946
Number of nurses decreased from 556 – 308.
 1948
First training center of the Bureau of Health
was organized by the Pasay City Health
Department. Trinidad Gomez, Marcela Gabatin,
Costancia Tuazon, Ms. Bugarin, Ms. Ramos, and
Zenaida Nisce composed the training staff.
 1950
Rural Health Demonstration and Training
Center was created.

20.  1953
The first 81 rural health units were organized.
 1957
RA 1891 amended some sections of RA 1082
and created the eight categories of rural health unit
causing an increase in the demand for the
community health personnel.
 1958-1965
Division of Nursing was abolished (RA 977)
and Reorganization Act (EO 288)

21.  1961
Annie Sand organized the National League of Nurses of DOH.
 1967
Zenaida Nisce became the nursing program supervisor and
consultant on the six special diseases (TB, leprosy, V.D., cancer,
filariasis, and mental health illness).
 1975
Scope of responsibility of nurses and midwives became wider
due to restructuring of the health care delivery system.
 1976-1986
The need for Rural Health Practice Program was implemented.

22.  1990- 1992
Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160)
 1993-1998
Office of Nursing did not materialize in spite of persistent
recommendation of the officers, board members, and advisers
of the National League of Nurses Inc.
 Jan. 1999
Nelia Hizon was positioned as the nursing adviser at the
Office of Public Health Services through Department Order #
29.
 May 24, 1999
EO # 102, which redirects the functions and operations of
DOH, was signed by former President Joseph Estrada.