2. QUALITY ASSURANCE & QUALITY
CONTROL DEPARTMENT
At L&T Construction, Quality Standards have been internalized and documented in
Quality Assurance manuals. L&T Construction recognizes the crucial significance of
the human element in ensuring quality. Structured training programs ensure that
every L&T employee is conscious of his/her role and responsibility in extending L&T
Construction’s tradition of leadership through quality as it is believed that Quality is
the key component which propels performance and defines leadership traits. L&T,
Buildings & Factories IC has a well-established and documented Quality
Management System (QMS) and is taking appropriate steps to improve its
effectiveness in accordance with the requirements of ISO 9001:2008. Relevant
procedures established clearly specify the criteria and methods for effective
operation, control and necessary resources and information to support the
operation and monitoring of these processes.
QUALITYIMPLEMENTATIONATSITE
L&T, Buildings & Factories IC has established procedure for monitoring, measuring
and analyzing of these processes and to take necessary actions to achieve planned
results and continual improvement of these processes. It has also maintained
relevant procedures to identify and exercise required control over outsourced
processes, if any. Systems and procedures have been established for implementing
the requisites at all stages of construction and they are accredited to the
International standards of ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001:2007.
3. PROJECTQUALITYPLAN(PQP):
The Project Quality Plan is prepared and formulated as a Management Summary of
Quality related activities required to meet the terms of contract. This Quality plan
sets out the Management practices and describes the Quality Management System
based on PDCA (Plan, Check, Do and Act) Principle. The Project Quality Plan
comprises of two sections.
SCOPE:
The contents of this document are applicable to “JCB manufacturing unit M/s. JCB
INDIA Pvt. Ltd.” and “Civil, PEB, Allied works for JCB, India, Ltd. Pvt. Ltd. at Jaipur,
Rajasthan” that will be carried out by Larsen & Toubro Limited, Buildings & Factories
IC. In preparation of this document, due regard has been paid to the requirements of
ISO 9001: 2008 series of System Standards.
PURPOSE:
This Project Quality Plan is prepared and formulated as a Management Summary of
Quality related activities required to meet the terms of contract. This Quality plan
sets out the Management practices and describes the Quality Management System.
4. Quality lab
To test the materials used on site, lab is set up on site itself for ensuring the quality of product
used in construction work.
The apparatus used in lab with their uses are as follows
CORE CUTTER
Core Cutter:Made of Steel duly chrome plated having size of 100 mm x 127.3 mm
high or 100 mm x 175 mm high.
Dolly: Made of steel duly chrome plated having size of 100 mm x 50 mm high with a lip
to enable it to be located on the top of the core cutter.
Rammer: Made of steel having weight of 9 Kg. approx.
OBJECTIVE
Used for determination of in-situ dry density of
natural or compacted fine-grained soil, free from
aggregates. From the weight, density and the
moisture and dry density of the soil are readily
calculated.
Figure 36 sectional view of setup
Figure 37 corecutter, dolly, and rammer
5. SLUMP CONE
APPARATUS:
Mould:
The mould for the test specimen will be inthe form of frustum of cone having the following internal
dimensions
Dimensions cm
Bottom diameter 20
Top diameter 10
Height 30
The mould is constructed of metal of at least 1.6 mm. (or 16 SWG) thickness and the top and bottom is
open and atright angles to the axis of the cone. The mould is having asmooth internal surface. It is
provided with suitable foot pieces to abase plate and also handles to facilitate lifting it from the required
by the test. The mould is provided with asuitable provided with cleats &swivel handle.
TampingRod:
The tamping rod isof steel, 16 mm in diameter, 60 cmlong and rounded at one end.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine workability of fresh concrete.
Figure 38 sample test result Figure 39 expected slump results
6. PYCNOMETER
APPARATUS: The apparatus consist of the following:
1. Balance: a balance or scale of capacity not less than 3 kg, readable and accurate to 0.5
gm. and of such a type as to permit the weighing of the vessel containing the aggregate
and water.
2. Oven: a well-ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled, to maintain a temp 100 to110°
c
3. Vessel: any form of vessel capable of holding 0.5 to 1.0 kg of material up to 10 mm in
size and capable of being filled with water to constant volume with an accuracy of ± 0.5
ml either of the following vessel is suitable: a) A glass vessel, referred to later as a
Pycnometer, of about one liter capacity having a metal conical screw top with a 6-mm
diameter hole at its apex. The screw top shall be watertight when it is screwed on to
the jar, and if necessary rubber or fiber washer shall be inserted in the joint. If such
washer is used, a mark shall be made on the jar to correspond with a mark on the
screw top so that the screw is tightened to the same position every time and the
volume contained by the jar is constant throughout the test. A suitable vessel can be
made from a 1kg fruit preserving jar in which the glass lid normally used is replaced by
a sheet metal cone .A wide mouthed glass vessel, such as a gas jar, of about 1.25 liters
capacity, with a flat ground disc of the plate glass to cover it giving a virtually
watertight fit.
4. A tray of area not less than 325 cm
OBJECT:To determine the specific
gravity, apparent sp. Gravity and water
absorption of aggregates.
Figure 40 pycnometer setup
7. CONCRETE MIXER
INTRODUCTION:
The Laboratory Concrete Mixer is a tool to get a uniform concrete mixer in the laboratory.
This will be quite useful, when the actual strength of different mix designs are to be
appraised. Apart from saving labour from the laborious process, it is able to give consistent
results of the finished product. The instrument can be operated by power and during power
failure can be manually operated. The instrument can be moved on its castor wheels.
Figure 41 mixer at lab on site
8. HOT AIR OVEN
OBJECTIVE:
Hot Air Oven is designed to take out the tests under
specific temperature with high accuracy. The specialty of
this oven is that it maintains the temperature with high
accuracy. PIO microcontroller which controls the heaters
automatically in such a way that it maintains the desired
temperature.
MODIFIED PROCTOR MOULD
APPARATUS:
1.Cylinder mould (capacity 1000cc. internal diameter 100mm,
effectiveheight 127.3 mm)
2.Compaction rammer for heavy compaction ( face dia 50mm
mass 2.6 kg,freedrop 310 mm)
3. Mould Accessories Detachable base .plate with removable
4.IS. Sieves 20mm&4.75mm
Figure 42 h o t air oven
Figure 43 proctor mould setup
9. VICAT MOULD
VICAT MOULD:
The mould is in the form of frustum of a cone having internal diameter at upper and lower
end 80 + 0.5 and 70 + / -0.5 mm respectively and a height of 40 + / - 0.5 mm.
INITIAL NEEDLE:
The needle is circular in cross- section having a cross sectional area of 1mm. The end of the
needle is flatly. This is used for the determination of the initial setting of the cement.
FINAL NEEDLE:
The needle is circular in cross- section having a cross sectional area of 1 mm. This fitted in a
metal attachment (hollowed out) the end of the needle projects beyond the cutting edge of the
hollowed out metal attachment. This is used for determining the final setting time of cement.
Figure 44 labeled sketch diagram for vicat apparatus
10. PLUNGER:
The plunger is known as the consistency plunger. It is made of polished brass with a projection
at the upper end for insertion into the movable rod. The lower end is flat.
Figure 45 vicat apparatus
11. RAPID MOISTURE METER
INTRODUCTION: This method is used for the
rapid determination of water content from the gas
pressure developed by the reaction of the calcium
carbide with the free water of the soil.
From the calibrated scale of the pressure gauge the
percentage of the water on the total (wet) mass of the
soil is obtained and the same is converted in to water
content on dry mass of soil with the help of the
supplied table for conversion.
APPARATUS: The following instruments are
required for this test.
Metallic Pr. Vessel: with clamp for scaling
cup, and a gauge calibrated in percentage water
content.
Counter Poised Balanced: for weighing sample it is used i.e. with the help of this
one can decide how much sample to be taken as sample.
Scoop: for measuring absorbent (calcium carbide), i.e. how much to take cal. Carbide
agent for test, take one scoop.
One bottle of the absorbent (Calcium Carbide)
One Cleaning brush.
Steel Balls:three steel balls of about 12.5 mm diameter and one steel ball of 25 mm
diameter.
Figure 46 rapid moisture meter kit
12. COMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE
AIM:
To determine the compressive strength of concrete specimens as per IS: 516 - 1959.
AGE AT TEST:
Tests should be done at recognized ages of the test specimens, usually being 7 and 28 days. The
ages should be calculated from the time of the addition of water to the drying of
ingredients.
NUMBER OF SPECIMENS:
At least three specimens, preferably from different batches, should be taken for testing at each
selected age.
Figure 48 CTM- compression testing machine
13. Before testing specimen were marked with its type and date and then are left in curing tanks of
7 to 28 days and then dried for a day after that before testing its strength in CTM.
Figure 49 curing tank constructed on site for curing of concrete samples
14. SIEVE ANALYSIS
AIM: To determine the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates by sieving as per
IS: 2386 (Part I) - 1963.
PRINCIPLE
By passing the sample downward through a series of standard sieves, each of decreasing size
openings, the aggregates are separated into several groups, each of which contains aggregates
in a particular size range.
APPARATUS
Figure 50 sieve set satisfying IS code 2386 (Part I) -1963
1. A set of IS Sieves of sizes - 80mm, 63mm, 50mm, 40mm,31.5mm, 25mm, 20mm,
16mm, 12.5mm, 10mm, 6.3mm, 4.75mm, 3.35mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600mm, 300mm,
150mm and 75mm.
2. Balance or scale with an accuracy to measure 0.1 percent of the weight of the test
sample
15. The Batching Plant
Figure 51 CP-30 batching plant
There are two active Batching Plant on site, shown in the picture above is CP-30.
Where CP stands for “concrete plant” and 30 symbolizes its capacity to make concrete per
hour, which is 30 meter cube.
16. Batching Plant was controlled by quality department and every batch of concrete was tested
and reported to the Head Office of L&T, along with test results of other materials used on site
by the department itself.
Figure 52 CP-18 batching plant
