1. A TRAINING REPORT
ON
PRINCIPLE OF BANKNOTE PROCESSING
MACHINE
Submitted by
PRANCHAL KESHARWANI
ROLLL NO.-1374810036
Under the Supervision of
SANJIV KUMAR SINGH
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT(MACHINE CONTROLLER TEAM)
(GIESECKE & DEVRIENT INDIA Pvt Ltd.)
in partial fulfillmentfor the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
ANSAL TECHINAL CAMPUS, LUCKNOW
JULY, 6

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement i
About company ii
CHAPTER – 1, INTRODUCTION 1
1 About the currency counting machine 1
1.2 Features of the machine 2
1.3 Internal parts of the machine 3
1.4 Internal working of the machine 4
CHAPTER – 2, SKEW 5
2 Skew 5
2.1 Skew in banknote 5
2.2 Skew correction 6
2.3 Angle of skew (calculation by pythagoras ) 7
2.4 banknote image 8
2.5 slip 9
2.6 gate 9

3. July, 2015
Certificate
This is to certify that this training report entitled “PRINCIPLE OF BANKNOTE
PROCESSING MACHINE” by PRANCHAL KESHARWANI (1374810036), submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING under Faculty of Engineering & Technology of
ANSAL TECHNICAL CAMPUS LUCKNOW, during the academic year 2013-2015, is a
bonafide record of work carried out under my guidance and supervision.
(Signature of Training Supervisor)
Supervisor Name:- Sanjiv Kumar Singh
Designation: - Head Of Department (Machine Controller Team)
Organization Name:- Giesecke & Devrient Group Pvt Ltd.
Place:- Plot No: 57, Sector: 44, Gurgaon, Haryana, India

4. Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my training supervisor “SANJIV KUMAR
SINGH” for giving me the opportunity to work on this topic. It would never be possible for me
to take this training to this level without his innovative ideas and his relentless support and
encouragement.
PRANCHAL KESHARWANI

5. About Company
Giesecke & Devrient (G&D) is a leading global technology provider with its
headquarters in Munich, Germany, and 58 subsidiaries, joint ventures, and associated companies
in 31 countries across every continent. At the end of 2014, G&D had approximately 11,450
employees and in fiscal 2014 generated total sales of 1.83 billion euros. G&D was founded in
1852 by Hermann Giesecke and Alphonse Devrient in Leipzig, a city with a rich printing and
publishing heritage. It is a family-owned company with roots in Germany and operations all over
the world.
Its ethos is based on trust, security, and professional expertise. Innovative, customer-centric
products, system solutions, and services make G&D a reliable partner for governments, central
banks, security printers, commercial cash center operators, pub-lic authorities, and companies.
G&D is a global technology leader in banknote and security solutions for an efficient and secure
cash cycle (Banknote business unit). It supplies banks, mobile network operators, public
transportation providers, companies, and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) with end-to-
end solutions comprising hardware, software, and services for mobile security applications,
especially in telecommunications and electronic payments (Mobile Security business unit). G&D
also provides governments and public authorities with turnkey end-to-end solutions for highly
secure travel documents, ID systems, and healthcare cards, which can be used for conventional
identification purposes as well as for authenticating and safeguarding online business
transactions (Government Solutions business unit).
Research and development have always been a top priority for G&D. The Group currently has
1,200 developers working on new products and processes, and R&D spending totaled around
120 million euros in fiscal 2014. G&D holds some 7,250 patents and patent applications
worldwide.
G&D is a global market leader and cutting-edge innovator of products and solutions for the
banknote and mobile security segments. Over the course of its history, the technology group has
successfully penetrated numerous new business fields.

6. Banknote
Giesecke & Devrient has been developing, designing, printing, and processing bank-notes for
countries across all continents since 1852. To date, around 150 countries in total have chosen our
products and solutions. Every day, we give billions of people the good feeling of holding
genuine and universally accepted value in their hands with their banknotes. This is one of the
main reasons why banknotes continue to be the number one means of payment globally.
G&D caters for every stage in the lifecycle of a banknote: from paper and foil production,
through design and printing, to automated processing and destruction of banknotes. G&D also
supports customers from planning to commissioning when building their own production plants
and cash centers and assists them in managing their services.
From aesthetics to counterfeit prevention
Banknotes have to withstand a lot during their lifecycle. Stresses vary considerably depending on
whether the climate is moderate, tropical, or harsh. To make sure the right substrate is used,
central banks can choose from various solutions ranging from standard cotton banknote paper to
durable substrates. To achieve maximum protection against banknote counterfeiting, G&D
combines a range of security features within the substrates that are very difficult to create but
easy to identify, such as three-dimensional watermarks and optically variable security threads.
As a leading innovator of banknote printing technologies, G&D is constantly setting new
benchmarks in the development of new security features. It focuses not only on continuously
optimizing production technologies, but also on banknote appearance, durability, and counterfeit
prevention. Security features that are durable, quick and easy to identify, and intuitively
verifiable by anyone are essential for ensuring public confidence in banknotes.
iii

7. Fit for Circulation
An additional layer of counterfeit protection is provided by machine readable features that can be
verified by banknote processing systems. These machine readable features also enable the global
volume of banknotes to be managed efficiently and securely. In line with its principle of “fit for
circulation”, G&D’s fastest systems can process and verify up to 44 banknotes per second. At the
same time, tailored software solutions enable our customers to monitor and control their
banknote flows in full.
Product and Brand Protection
When combating counterfeiting, G&D's wide ranging expertise also plays a key role in the
development of customized concepts for rapid, unambiguous authentication at various inspection
levels.
Mobile Security – Securing the Connected Society
Being online at all times has long since ceased to be a vision of the future – the connected
society is increasingly becoming a reality. Smartphones and tablets are now a feature of
everyday life. They are being used more and more often as an extension to smartcards for
shopping and banking over the internet, for reading e-mails, or for streaming music on car audio
systems. Confidentiality of data must be guaranteed in all of these applications. A further
challenge is presented by the management of digital identities. Whether it involves cards, mobile
phones, tablets, or laptops, Giesecke & Devrient (G&D) provides banks, mobile network
operators, regional transport providers, OEMs, and other companies with the solutions required
to achieve simplicity and security in any secure application.
G&D Supports Banks Worldwide
As a global market leader, G&D supplies banks around the world with established card products
and innovative solutions. The company also helps banks implement their multichannel strategy.
This includes enabling customers to carry out bank transactions on their cell phones, such as
making mobile payments or other banking applications. G&D provides the payment app for
mobile payments, which utilizes G&D technology to guarantee secure installation and
personalization on customers’ cell phones. Users can use G&D’s digital wallet for vouchers,
loyalty programs, search for ATMS, and travel tickets in addition to virtual payment cards. All of
these solutions are based on the Group’s decades of experience in electronic payment systems.
As a leading provider of end-to-end card solutions, the Group develops and produces cards with

8. associated software. G&D also personalizes the cards and encrypts data to prevent unauthorized
access.
iv
A Pioneer in Mobile Communication
From the very beginning, G&D has been one of the world's leading providers of SIM cards for
mobile phones. Before it even shipped its first SIM card, G&D had already played a pivotal role
in defining international standards, and continues to do so today. The SIM card remains a
reliable means of authentication between customers and their cell phone networks, but it is also
capable of providing many additional functions.
G&D offers a wide selection of SIM products for different purposes, ranging from conventional
SIM cards for telephone calls and simple data applications to special SIM cards for the
interconnection of machines. The Group also provides SIM cards for new applications including
mobile payment and ticketing. In addition, G&D’s software solutions enable network operators
to provide SIM-based applications and services and manage them efficiently. These include
solutions for the management of SIM cards and end devices and for the secure transfer of mobile
applications via cell phone networks.
Efficiency and Security for Public Transport Companies
Secure ticketing solutions from G&D are in use in many cities around the world. The Group
supplies public transport companies with contactless cards and tokens, and also with solutions
for delivering travel tickets to cell phones. These include special SIM cards, applications, and
digital wallets, all of which are optimized for public transportation usage. As a founding member
of the OSPT Alliance (Open Standard for Public Transportation), G&D plays a prominent role in
the development of open standards for secure transit fare collection solutions.
Many companies trust in G&D’s security expertise. The Group offers them a wide range of
solutions for data security and authentication. For example, smartcards, to-kens, and software
can guarantee secure entry to company premises and networks – even from a distance via a cell
phone. Secure authentication is also playing an increa-singly vital role in interconnection of
machines in production environments. Here in particular, G&D ensures secure remote access to
machines for control and maintenance purposes.

9. v
The Networked Car Becomes Reality
Automobile manufacturers are using software and hardware produced by G&D to make the
networked car a reality. It is based on robust, embedded SIMs (eUICC) and software that
guarantees a connection to the Internet over an extended period of time. These are critical for
offering applications such as infotainment, repair services, and automatic emergency calls (e-
Call).
Healthcare Solutions for the 21st century
In the healthcare sector, G&D offers solutions in the form of smartcards for patients and doctors
with maximum security and standardized interfaces. G&D's Card Applica-tion Management
System (CAMS) enables millions of healthcare cards to be man-aged out in the field.
Government Solutions
In our interconnected, globalized world, it is becoming increasingly important to be able to
identify people unambiguously at anytime and anywhere. Electronic pass-ports (e-passports)
contain a microchip which makes border control checks easier and faster and enables mobile
electronic verification. E-passports now constitute 80 per-cent of the global contract volume.
However, chips are not only embedded in pass-ports, but increasingly also in ID cards and
driver’s licenses. G&D has successfully completed more than 50 ID projects and over 30
passport projects around the world, implementing microchip solutions in more than 20 countries.

10. CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION
In this report we discuss about the banknote processing machine and all it, parts , features
Internal and external working .
We concentrate on the skew , how it can be minimize or solve
What are the methods to find the angle of the skew , problems created by the skew .
1-About The Banknote processing Machine
A banknote-processing machine is a machine that counts money either stacks of banknotes .
Counters may be purely mechanical or use electronic components. The machines typically
provide a total count of all money, or count off specific batch sizes for wrapping and storage.
Currency counters are commonly used in vending machines to determine what amount of money
has been deposited by customers.

11. 1.1- Features Of The Machine
Basic banknote counters provide a total count of the notes in the supply hopper. More advanced
counters can identify different bill denominations to provide a total currency value of mixed
banknotes, including those that are upside down. Some banknote counters can also
detect counterfeit bills either magnetically and/or usingblacklight. Blacklight (UV) based
detectors exploit the fact that in many countries, real banknotes have fluorescent symbols on
them that only show under a black light. Also, the paper used for printing money does not
contain any of the brightening agents which make commercially available papers fluoresce under
black light. Both features make counterfeit notes both easier to detect and more difficult to
successfully produce.
A stack of bills are placed in a compartment of the machine, and then one bill at a time is
mechanically pulled through the machine. By counting the number of times a beam of light is
interrupted, the machine can count the bills. By comparing an image of each bill to pattern
recognition criteria, the machine can figure out the denominations of the bills and how much
genuine money was placed in the compartment.

12. 1.2-Internal Parts Of The Counting Machine
1. Sensor1 – this sensor tells is banknotes are present or not on the singler
2. Pre-singler – this is a simple roller with some friction element .4 rollers are present in
the machine as pre singler.
3. Main singler – it is used to further move the banknote one at a time.
4. Singler exit photo detector – it is a sensor which tells the current position of the
banknote .
5. Transport rollers – they help to move the banknote into the next position.
6. PIS(photo image sensor) – it is a very important sensor because when the currency pass
from this sensor it capture the image of the banknote and we can analyze the banknote
skew.
7. Magnetic Sensor – it scan the currency and checks the thickness of the note.
8. UV Sensor - it tells currency is genuine or fake by scanning the note, under the UV
lights.
9. Path Rollers – help the currency for travelling.
10. VPD( virtual photo detector) – this sensor is observe the position of currency and give
the instruction to the gates for opening or closing.
11. Solenoid – it is a small dc coil connected to the gate , it is responsible for opening and
closing of the stacker gate.
12. Rejected Gate – gate opening or closing for rejected block.
13. Rejected block – if currency is fake then it come out in the reject block.
14. Gate two – gate for the stacker 1.
15. Stacker one & Stacker two – if the currency is genuine then comes to stacker one or
stacker two depends on settings.
16. Exit photo detector – tells the stacker empty or full.

13. 1.3Internal Working Of The Machine
Feed the banknote on the presingler which contain the friction part for further movement of the
banknote , then it goes to the main singler it process one banknote at a time , now the currency is
scanned by the image sensors and give all the information about the currency if it is fake then the
gate 1 is open and currency comes out in the rejected block otherwise gate 2 is open for stacker 1
or gate 3 is open for stacker 2, it depends upon the machine setting, the gates are open and close
by the help of the solenoid , after the scanning of the currency it further moves with the help of
transport rollers .

14. 1.3-Block Diagram Of The Machine
Block diagram for a Currency Counter supporting ultraviolet, infrared, and magnetic sensing,
and CIS / CID imaging for banknote verification, and a powerful processor or microcontroller
Analytic processing for banknote verification.
4
CHAPTER – 2

15. SKEW
2- Skew In Banknote
When the banknote is passed from the singler its goes to the transport path and there is a
PIS( photo image sensor ) which capture the image of the banknote if the banknote is
tilted then is called the skew in banknote , now we can analysis the data and fine the skew
angle,
2.1- Skew Correction
We can remove the skew by using several steps
 Adjust the singler
 Ajust the screw of the singler ( tight or loose according to need )
(a) Skew correct image

16. 2.2- Calculate Angle Of Skew
(by Pythagoras theorem)
We can calculate the angle of skew that how much a banknote is skewed by the PYTHAGORAS
Theorem to find the Angle we should know the distance between two photo detector measure it
by scale which can be used as a bace and the tilt portion of the banknote is used as a
perpendicular
Now if we know the distance between E and D , now we have to calculate the distance between
A and E , let us suppose the 1 PD have 460 pulses and PIS have 400,
Difference = 460 – 400
= 60
Pulses*1.016
60*1.016
Perpendicular = 60.96
tanθ = (perpendicular/base)
θ =tan−¹(value)
θ = angle 7

17. First row illustrates four examples of banknote with defects, (a) and (d) torn boundary and (b)
folded boundary of banknote. (c) and (d), Folds in an image caused by malfunctioning of the
image capturing process. Second row demonstrates the corresponding skew corrected results.
turned sides. The third experiment evaluates the execution time for several modules of proposed
system with varying banknote image size
8

18. SLIP
Slip occurs inside the banknote processing machine it introduce due to different speed of the
rollers , the banknote is reached before time or after time in the gates so, the probability of
banknote struck in gates is high.
We can remove this problem by different ways:-
 To make sure all the rollers are run in a same speed
 Transport path should be smooth
 Adjust singler
GATES
Gates are present before reject block, stacker1, stacker2 gates are responsible for enter the
banknote in different blocks or stackers , it should be open and close in time otherwise error
occurs.
Gate are connected by the solenoid it responsible for the opening and closing of the stacker
gates.