The document summarizes the anatomy of a frog through a dissection. It describes the major external features of the mouth, including the vomerine and maxillary teeth used for holding prey, as well as the internal nares, eustachian tubes, glottis, esophagus, and tongue. Internally, it outlines the organs of the abdominal cavity such as the peritoneum, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines, mesentery, and cloaca. It also provides an overview of the urogenital system including the kidneys, ureters, testes, oviducts, ovary, urinary bladder, and cloaca.
2. Frog Anatomy and Dissection
The Mouth
Vomerine Teeth: Used for holding prey, located at the roof of the mouth
3. Maxillary Teeth: Used for holding prey, located around the edge of the mouth
Internal Nares (nostrils) breathing, connect to lungs
Eustachian Tubes: equalize pressure in inner ear
Glottis : Tube leading to the lungs
Esophagus: Tube leading to the stomach
Tongue: Front attached, aids in grabbing prey
Tympanic Membrane: eardrum, located behind eyes
Nictitating Membrane: clear eyelid, protects the eye
The Organs of the Abdominal Cavity
4. Peritoneum: Spiderweb like membrane that covers organs
Stomach: First site of chemical digestion, breaks down food
Pyloric Sphincter - valve between stomach and small intestine
Liver: Makes bile (aids in digestion)
5. Gall bladder: Stores bile
Esophagus: Tube that leads to the stomach
Pancreas: Makes insulin (aids in digestion)
Small Intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum): absorb nutrients from food
Mesentery: Holds coils of the small intestine together
Large Intestine: Collects waste, absorbs water
Cloaca: "Sewer": eggs, sperm, urine and feces enter this area
Spleen: Part of circulatory system, stores blood
The Urogenital System
6. Kidneys (D): Filter Blood
Ureters (G): Carry urine from kidneys to bladder
Testes (C): Make sperm
7. Oviducts (B): eggs travel through these
Ovary: makes eggs (A) - ovary is often too small to see, but eggs are visible
Urinary Bladder (F): Stores Urine
Cloaca (E): Where sperm, eggs, urine, and feces exit.
