Quarantine restrictions

QUARANTINE RESTRICTIONS IN THE
MOVEMENT OF AGRIL PRODUCES,SEEDS &
PLANTING MATERIALS;CSAE HISTORIES
OF EXOTIC PESTS/ DISEASES & THEIR
STATUS
1prabha.reddy95@gmail.com

PPQ’s Goal
2
“…mitigating pest risks,
domestically and abroad,
through exclusion, intensive
surveillance, early detection, and
containment of pests and
diseases before they can
spread.”
— Dr. Richard Dunkle
PPQ Deputy Administrator
prabha.reddy95@gmail.com

3
Pests and Pathogens of quarantine significance…
Does not occur in the country of concern and known to cause
economic damage elsewhere.
Has the potential to cause economic damage to crops.
Has a life cycle ---capable of cause damage under favorable
conditions.

Path ways for the entry of pests and pathogens
• Winds, storms, Jet streams
• Air and convection currents
• Ocean currents
• Surface drainage
• Natural seed dispersal
• Fliers (Insects and mites)
• Migratory species (Locusts)
• Self locomotion (Zoospores)
• Vectors (Insects, nematodes)
• Other carriers (Birds and other
higher animals)
4
• Cargo (Agricultural and non agricultural)
• Mail baggage
• Common carriers (Ships, vehicles,
airplanes)
• Dunnage, crates, packing materials
• Smuggling
• Farm practices (Irrigation, used farm
equipment)
Natural pathways Artificial pathways

5
INTRODUCED PESTS INTO INDIA
PEST FROM STATE
1 Banana bunchy top Srilanka (1940) Kottayam
2 Crown gall of apple UK (1940)
3 Golden cyst nematode Scotland (1961) Nilgiri
4 Potato wart Netherland (1953) W.Bengal
5 Coffee leaf rust Srilanka (1879)
6 Apple scab UK
7 Sunflower downey
mildew
Europe (1980)
8 Anthurium leaf blight Netherland (1995) KA
9 Congress weed USA (1960)
10 Lantana camera Central America
(1809)
11 Water hyacinth Netherland
11 Giant African snail East Africa(1847)
12 Serpentine leaf minor USA (1990)

6
PESTS FROM STATE
13 Coffee berry borer Srilanka, NE Africa
14 Spiralling whitefly Maldives (1995)
15 Potato tuber moth Italy (1937)
16 Diamond back moth (1941)
17 Sanjose scale (1911)
18 Apple woolly aphid England (1909) Shimla
19 Cottony cushion scale California (1921)
20 Subabul psyllid Srilanka, Central
America
21 Coconut mite Mexico (1995)
22 Cotton mealy bug ---
23 Papaya mealy bug ---
24 Eucalyptus gall wasp Australia KA (2006)
25 Erythrina gall wasp --- KA (2006)
Contd..

How We Keep Out Foreign Pests ????
• Establish risk-based import regulations and policies for agril
commodities (e.g., produce, plants, craft products)
• Inspect and treat agril commodities for pests in their country
of origin prior to export to the other country.
• At inspection stations, inspect propagative material
imported into the other country, taking appropriate action
when pests are detected. 7prabha.reddy95@gmail.com

Elements of Pest Response Programme
9
• Survey (Where are the pests/pathogen?)
• Identification (What are they?)
• Regulation to prevent spread
– Bans movement of materials with a quarantine
– Restricts movement of materials through permits
• Control or eradication
– Host removal
– Pesticides
– Agricultural production practices
– Biological control
– Sterile insect releaseprabha.reddy95@gmail.com

Some Ongoing Emergency Programs
 Karnal bunt
 Fungal disease of wheat detected in Arizona,
California, and Texas
 Citrus canker
 Bacterial disease of citrus detected in Florida
 Exotic fruit flies
 Agricultural pests threatening more than 250 U.S.
crops
 Asian longhorned beetle
 Wood-boring insect threatening the survival of
hardwood trees.

PEST
 Mediterranean fruit fly
 European corn borer
 Potato golden nematode
 Gypsy moth
 Cotton boll weevil
 Sanjose scale
11
PATHOGEN
Chestnut blight
(Cryphonectria parasitica)
White pine blister rust
(Cronatium ribicola)
Dutch elm disease
(Ceratocystis ulmi)
WEED
Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense)
Kudzu (Pueraria lobata)
Witch weed
Significant Pest & Pathogen Introductions Into North
America

Rice Seedborne Diseases --Quarantine Importance.
12
Fungal diseases Bacterial diseases
Bakanae and foot rot (Fusarium
moniliforme)
Bacterial sheath brown rot (Pseudomonas
fuscovaginae)
Brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) Bacterial grain rot (Burkholderia
glumae)
Narrow brown leaf spot
(Cercospora
Bacterial leaf streak (Xanthomonas
oryzae pv oryzicola)
Stackburn (Alternaria padwickii) Bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas
oryzae pv oryzae)
Sheath rot (Sarocladium oryzae) Disease caused by nematode
Blast (Pyricularia oryzae) White tip (Aphelenchoides besseyi)
Kernel smut   (Tilletia barclayana)
Leaf scald (Microdochium oryzae)
Black kernel (Curvularia spp.) prabha.reddy95@gmail.com

The Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service
is a Federal Govt organisation that:
Protects Australia’s animal, plant and
Human health from exotic pests and
Diseases.
13
AQIS is responsible for:
Incoming travellers, goods, plants & animals subject to
quarantine.
Ships’ waste & ballast water
Inspecting goods for export

14
Helen Long
Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate
Dept for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
(formerly Quarantine Officer at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew)
Type of plant
material
Risk
Certified seed Low
Non-certified seed Medium
Wild-collected or
donated seed
High
Tissue-cultured
material
Low
Dried flowers Low
Dried artefacts Low/medium
Reproductive material
or storage organs
Medium/high
Plants High
Large specimen plants Very High

Requirement For Import Of Fruits & Vegetables In To
India
15
IMPORT PERMIT with the condition of additional declaration &
special condition
 PHYTOSANITARY CERTIFICATE from country of origin
Pre-shipment cold treatment at
0 C or below for 10 days;⁰
0.55°C or below for 11 days;
1.1 C or below for 12 days + in-transit refrigeration⁰
against Med fly and 0oC or below for 13 days;
0.55oC or below for 14 days;
1.1oC or below for 18 days
 Pest free status for Med fly as per international standards
Med fly= Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata)

SHEDULE-IV PROHIBITED
18
sl
.
n
o
Plant sp Category of
Pl material
Prohibited from
the Country
Justification for prohibition
1. Banana(Mu
sa sp)
Rhizomes /
Suckers
Central & South
America, Hawaii,
Philippines
cameroon
Moko wilt
2. Cassava Stem cuttings Africa& south
America
Bacterial blight, Withes broom
3. Cocoa
(Teobroma
cacao)
Pods/Saplings/
Grafts
West Africa, Sri Lanka Withes broom, Chest nut downy
mildew,
4. Coconut Seedlings/ Africa, Negeria,
Cuba,Coulambia, Sri
Lanka
Cadang cadang(Viriod), Palm weevil,
Palm kernal borer, Red ring, Palm
lethal yellowing(phytoplasma)
5. Coffee Rooted
cuttings
Africa,South America Powdery rust, viruses(ring spot, lesf
rust, leaf crinkle , mosaic), leaf spot
6. Date palm Seeds Algeria & Moracco
USA
Palm lethal yellowing(phytoplasma)

sl.
no
Plant sp Category of
Pl material
Prohibited from
the Country
Justification for prohibition
7. Potato
(Solanum
tuborosum)
Tubers South America Yellow dwarf, yellow vein, smut,
purple top wilt,
8. Rubber Seeds/plant Tropical America Leaf blight
9. Sugarcane
(Saccharum
spp.)
Cuttings Fiji, Australia,
Philipines,Indonesi
a
Fiji virus
10. Sweet
potato(Ipomea
spp.)
Stem cuttings South Africa, New
Zealand, Israel.
Scab, Bacterial wilt,chlorotic leaf
spot, stunt, yellow dwarf, witches
broom, bruchid.
11. Yam
(Dioscorea
spp.)
Tubers for
planting
West Africa Yam mosaic virus/ green banding
virus
12. Oil
palm(Elaeis
spp.) &
related spp.
seeds/Pollen Philippines Cadang cadang (Viriod),
Contd… SHEDULE-IV PROHIBITED

SHEDULE-V RISTRICTED
20
sl
.
n
o
.
Plant sp Category
Of Pl
material
Additional
declarations
required to be
incorporated in to
the PCS
Spl condition of
import
Authorised
to import
1
.
Banana(M
usa spp.)
rhizomes Rhizomes rot (Erwinia
sp.)
Banana
weevil(Cosmopolites
sp.)
Moko wilt(Burkholderia
sp.)
1.Hot water trmt of
rhizomes @ 54 C for⁰
10 min before
planting.
2. Growing of
imported consignment
under post
quarantine for9-12
months
Shall only be
imported by
Director , NRC
on Banana
Trichi (TN)
2
.
Citrus
spp.
(Lemon ,
lime,
orange,
grape)
Grafts/bu
d woods
Free from: little leaf,
Witches broom,
Burrowing nematode,
bud mite, rust mite.
Post entry quarantine
for a period of 1 yr
Director , NRC
on citrus,
Nagpur,(MH)
3
.
Ground
nut
seeds Scab, Bacterial wilt,
Stunt virus, Stripe
virus, Seed bruchid,
Post entry quarantine
for a period of 6 wks
Permitted to import
NRC
--Junagadh,
(Gujarath) &

Contd… SHEDULE-V RISTRICTED
21
S
L.
N
O
.
Plant
sp
Category
Of Pl
material
Additional declarations
required to be
incorporated in to the
PCS
Spl condition
of import
Authorised
to import
4. Coconut Seed
nuts/seedli
ngs
Palm lethal yellowing
Cadang cadang, Palm
weevil, Palm kernal borer,
Red ring, Palm lethal
yellowing(phytoplasma)
Fumigate Seed
nuts—
M.Br.@16gm/cu
m entry port.
Shall only be
imported by
Director ,
CPCRI, Kerala
5. Coffee Seeds/Berr
ies
Powdery rust, leaf
spot,Coffee berry borer,
thrips, phloem necrosis,
Post entry
quarantine for a
period of 1 yr
Director CCRI,
Balehonnur,
(KA)
Tissue
cultured pl
Virus free --- ---do---
6. Cotton
(Gossypi
um sp.)
Seeds for
sowing
Free from: Witches
broom(Collectotrichum sp),
Bacterial blight
(Xanthomonas sp.), Seed
bruchids (Amblycerus sp)
1.Seed-acid
delinting trmt at
the country of
origin prior to
shipment
2.fumigation
Director , CCR
institute,
Nagpur,(MH)

SHEDULE-VI RISTRICTED
22
Sl
.N
o.
Plant Sp Category
of Pl
material
Countr
y of
origin
Additional
declarations
reqd to be
incorporated in
to the PC
Spl condition of import
1. Lactuca
sativa
(Lettuce)
Seeds for
sowing
Philippin
es
Free from:
Common snail
(Helix sp)
Free from quarantine weed
seeds & soil.
2. Punica
granatum
(Pomegrana
te)
Plants/cutti
ngs
Isrel Free from:
1.Black borer
(Apate monachus)
2.Cotton leaf worm
(Spodoptera sp)
1.Free from soil.
2.Post entry quarantine for a
growing period of 6-9 months
3. Asiminia
triloba
(Paw paw)
Plants/cutti
ngs
Isrel ---- 1.Free from soil.
2.Post entry quarantine for a
growing period of 6-9 months
4. Manihot
esculenta
(Cassava)
Dried chips
of tuber for
consuption
Vietnam Free from
termites(Coptoter
mus)
Fumigation with M.Br.@
48gm/cu mt for 24 hr. @21°C
or any other trmt approved
by PPA to GOI

Sl.
No.
Plant Sp Category
of Pl
material
Country
of origin
Additional declarations
required to be
incorporated in to the
PC
Spl condition of import
5. Gerbera
jamesonii
( Gerbera)
Seeds for
sowing
USA,
Europe,
Asia
Nil Free from quarantine
weed seeds & soil.
Plants
for
propogati
on
Netherla
nd
Western fl thrips
(Franklinella sp.),
Tomato root
rot(Phytophthora sp)
Post entry quarantine for
a growing period of 45
days.
6. Eucalyptus
spp.
Timber
logs
Uruguay Long horned
borer(Phoracantha
sp),blue stain wood
Fumigate with
M.Br.@48gm/cu m 21 C⁰
entry port.
7. Carthamus
tinctoris
(Safflower)
Dried
flower
for
consupti
on
Iran Phytophthora
sp(Tomato root
rot),Pseudomonas
sp(bacterial leaf blight)
Fumigate with
M.Br.@32gm/cu m 21 C⁰
for 24hr. entry
port./PPA GOI
8. Luffa
acutangula
(Bottle
Seeds for
propogati
on
Indonesi
a
Nil Free from quarantine
weed seeds & soil.
Contd…. SHEDULE-VI RISTRICTED

Recommendations….
24
Efficient methods of pathogen testing.
Cooperation between nations and international
organizations.
Restricting the potential entry of contaminated
germplasm.
Education & Staff Training

25
Make staff--students and volunteers, aware of imp & encouraging staff to
monitor pests and diseases daily,
Weekly or monthly sessions, -- training in bio control, + pest-mgt
programmes.
Circulate and provide information -- identification posters, plant health
newsletters and pest and disease alerts.
If possible, provide good quality, colour images to aid identification.
Pest identification sheets can be printed off and laminated for use in
glasshouses.
Ultimately, PREVENTION IS USUALLY CHEAPER THAN CURE.
Education And Staff Training

26
Establishment of taxonomic unit
Establishment of X-ray Baggage Scanners (organic)
at the International terminals of Major Airports
Establishment of Integrated Pest Surveillance
system
Establishment of new plant Quarantine bill &
rewiew of plant quarantine regulations
Devpt of an Integrated Information Management
system
Steps For Further Strengthening….

27
Contd…
Establishment of molecular Diagnostic faciilities
Establishment of an Integrated Pest Risk Analysis
system
Devpt of an Integrated phytosanitory border
control system
Establishment of PQ Stations at the New points of
entry
Establishment of phytosanitory unit

DISPOSAL METHODS
28
Burning
Autoclaving
Burial

29
Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment of Fruits
Limohpasmanee, 2005 Bangkok, Thailand
.......approved by the International Consultative Group on Food
Irradiation and the regional plant protection organizations.
Thai Govt. has a policy to promote Thai fruit exportation.
Irradiation
@150 Gy -- control fruit flies in longan, mango, litchi and
rambutan.
 @400 Gy --- control scale insects (Aonidiella orientalis) +mealybugs
(Pseudococcus cryptus) in mango.
 @ 200 Gy, ----control moths in longan + litchi,
 @ 300 Gy ---control seed weevil in mango.

30
SAVE INDIA FROM
EXOTIC PESTS
THANK YOU

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