1. 2105 Dobler Ave.
Baltimore, MD 21218
443.540.6594
CitriPhage™ Citrus Canker Disease Eradication
1. CitriPhage™ is a combination of bacteriophages (phages) that can eradicate
citrus canker disease (Xanthomonas citri)—which is currently affecting the
world’s larges citrus growing regions (U.S., Brazil, China, Mexico, Spain, etc.).
2. CitriPhage™ is a genetically engineered bacteriophage derived from naturally
occurring organisms.
3. CitriPhage™ has been independently proven able to effectively suppress citrus
canker growth in lab and field tests1
.
4. CitriPhage™ supplants copper-based treatments, the current treatment protocol
for Citrus Canker; thus reducing toxic (heavy metal) buildup in the environment.
5. CitriPhage™ has been shown to constrain the motility (bacterial spread in vitro)
of Xanthomonas citri. (Takashi Yamada, Hiroshima University, Japan).
6. CitriPhage™ can be stored in regular -20–4°C (-4–39°F) refrigerator for at least 6
months.
7. CitriPhage™ is stable for up to 2 weeks at 20–40°C (68–104°F) after which it
biodegrades. It can be modified to survive at higher temperatures.
8. CitriPhage™ is designed to infect citrus canker bacteria alone.
9. CitriPhage™ biodegrades if it fails to find its target (citrus canker), it will not
change microbial ecology, it is extremely safe in the environment.
10. CitriPhage™ cannot be reproduced by the customer or by a competitor without
the necessary bio-engineered feedstock / formulae.
11. CitriPhage™ is also effective at treating all strains of Xanthamonas, including:
Rice Blight, Black Rot, Bacterial Leaf Spot, Sugarcane Leaf Scald and Banana
Wilt to name only a few.
Citrus Canker Disease
1. Citrus Canker bacterial infection causes unsightly lesions on the leaves, stems,
and fruit of citrus trees, including lemon, lime, oranges, and grapefruit.
2. Citrus Canker significantly affects the viability of the citrus crops, causing leaves
and fruit to drop prematurely. Infected fruit is unsuitable for sale.
3. Citrus Canker disease destroys citrus trees after just a few seasons, if
left untreated.
4. Copper-based sprays (the current treatment protocol) are toxic to fish and
aquatic invertebrates and will contaminate water through runoff
2
.
5. Copper-based pesticides have been shown to stimulate the growth of mite
populations in the field3
.
1
(Tsong-The Kuo, Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Takashi Yamada, Hiroshima University, Japan)
2
http://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/091411-00002-20150507.pdf
3
http://www.bulletinofinsectology.org/pdfarticles/vol64-­‐2011-­‐069-­‐072mao.pdf

2.
Page 2 of 5
Figure
1.
Morphology
of
a
parental
strain
of
CitriPhage™
under
electron
microscopy.
(Kuo
et
al.,
1987,
Virology.
156:305-­‐12).
Figure
2.
A
parental
strain
of
CitriPhage™
inhibits
citrus
canker
pathogen
Xanthomonas
citri
division.
(A)
Unchanged
cells
division
in
non-­‐infected
bacteria,
(B)
CitriPhage™
-­‐infected
cells
(arrow)
are
still
undivided.
(Kuo,
et
al,
1994;
Arch
Virol.
135:253-­‐64.)
Figure
3.
A
parental
strain
of
CitriPhage™
inhibits
citrus
canker
pathogen
Xanthomonas
citri
motility.
Bacterial
solution
were
inoculated
in
the
swimming
assay
(A,B),
swarming
assay
(C,D).
A
significant
reduction
in
swimming
and
swarming
motility
was
observed
in
XacF1-­‐
infected
cells
(Ahmad
AA
et
al.,
2014,
Front
Microbiol.
5:321).

3.
Page 3 of 5
Figure
4.
.
A
parental
strain
of
CitriPhage™
inhibits
canker
symptom
development.
(A)
Characteristic
canker
lesions
occurred
with
uninfected
cells,
while
no
obvious
cankers
developed
on
CitriPhage™
-­‐infected
cells.
(B)
Canker
lesions
were
smaller
in
CitriPhage™
-­‐
infected
leaves.
(C)
Lesions
on
both
lower
and
upper
surfaces
of
leaves
inoculated
with
the
uninfected
cells
showed
severe
symptoms,
expanding
with
time.
No
lesions
formed
on
either
surface
of
the
leaves
infected
with
CitriPhage™
-­‐infected
cells.
(Ahmad
AA
et
al.,
2014,
Front
Microbiol.
5:321).

4. Page 4 of 5
Xanthamonas Sub-species that Can Be Treated with CitriPhage™
Species Disease Species Disease
X. vasicola Banana wilt X. axonopodis Cassava – Bacterial
blight
X. axonopodis Bacterial pustule, leaf
blight – Soybean
(Glycine max)
X. sacchari Banana rot –
Tanzania
X. arboricola Walnut blight /
Strawberry blight
X. axonopodis Bacterial spot
X. translucens Black chaff – Italian
ryegrass
X. campestris Bacterial
leaf spot – Brassica
oleracea
X. fragariae Angular leaf spot –
Strawberry
X. oryzae Bacterial streak /
leaf blight – Rice
X. axonopodis Bacterial blight –
Cassava
X. hortorum Bacterial leaf blight –
Carrot
X. fuscans Common bacterial blight
– Bean
X. vesicatoria Bacterial spot –
Tomato and Pepper
X. cassavae Bacterial necrosis –
Cassava
X. perforans Bacterial spot –
Tomato
X. citri Bacterial blight –
Mexican lime / Cotton
X. gardneri Bacterial spot –
Tomato and Pepper
X. citri Citrus canker – Mango X. campestris Black rot – Brassica
X. citri Black spot – Mango X. campestris
(vasicola)
Bacterial wilt (BXW)
– Banana
X. axonopodis Bacterial blight –
Pomegranate
X. campestris
(vasicola)
Sugarcane gumming
disease
X. axonopodis Cassava – Bacterial
blight
X. campestris
(vasicola)
Black Rot –
Brassicaceae
X. axonopodis Citrus – Bacterial spot X. fuscans Citrus canker
X. transclucens Black Chaff – Wheat X. albilineans Sugarcane leaf
scald
X. campestris Black rot – Brassica
oleracea var. capitata
X. oryzae Bacterial leaf blight –
Rice
X. arboricola Leaf spot – Turkish hazel

5. Page 5 of 5
Biopesticides
Biopesticides represent an emerging approach to agricultural disease control, they are
engineered to be used in small quantities and to specifically affect a target pest or
organism; they are designed to decompose quickly, if they do not find their intended
target(s). In contrast to broad-spectrum chemical pesticides, bio pesticides are
inherently less toxic and thus, less likely to affect indigenous organisms, such as birds,
insects, and mammals4
. Thus, they are favored by the U.S. and E.U. environmental
agencies.
4
http://www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/whatarebiopesticides.htm